Currently, many research from domestic and foreign on improving anti-rollover performance of vehicle mainly focus on the electronic control of auxiliary equip- ment, do not make full use of suspension layout to optimi...Currently, many research from domestic and foreign on improving anti-rollover performance of vehicle mainly focus on the electronic control of auxiliary equip- ment, do not make full use of suspension layout to optimize anti-rollover performance of vehicle. This investigation into anti-rollover propensity improvement concentrates on the vehicle parameters greatly influencing on anti-rollover propensity of vehicle. A simulation based on fishhook procedure is used to perform design trials and evaluations aimed at ensuring an optimal balance between vehicle's design parameters and various engineering capacities, the anti-rollover propensity is optimized at the detailed design stage of a new SUV model. Firstly a four-DOF theoretical kinematic model is established, then a complete multi-body dynamics model built in ADAMS/car based on the whole vehicle parameters is correlated to the objective handing and stability test results of a mule car. Secondly, in fish- hook test simulations, the Design of Experiments method is used to quantify the effect of the vehicle parameters on the anti-rollover performance. By means of the simulation, the roll center height of front suspension should be more than 30 mm, that of rear suspension less than 150 mm, and the HCG less than 620 mm for the SUV. The ratio of front to rear suspension roll stiffness should be ranged from 1.4 to1.6 for the SUV. As a result, at the detailed design stage of product, the anti-rollover performance of vehicle can be improved by optimizing chassis and integrated vehicle parameters.展开更多
B cell response plays a critical role against SARS-CoV-2 infection.However,little is known about the diversity and frequency of the paired SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific BCR repertoire after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Here,we ...B cell response plays a critical role against SARS-CoV-2 infection.However,little is known about the diversity and frequency of the paired SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific BCR repertoire after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Here,we performed single-cell RNA sequencing and VDJ sequencing using the memory and plasma B cells isolated from five convalescent COVID-19 patients,and analyzed the spectrum and transcriptional heterogeneity of antibody immune responses.Via linking BCR to antigen specificity through sequencing(LIBRA-seq),we identified a distinct activated memory B cell subgroup(CD11c^(high) CD95^(high))had a higher proportion of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-labeled cells compared with memory B cells.Our results revealed the diversity of paired BCR repertoire and the non-stochastic pairing of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific immunoglobulin heavy and light chains after SARS-CoV-2 infection.The public antibody clonotypes were shared by distinct convalescent individuals.Moreover,several antibodies isolated by LIBRA-seq showed high binding affinity against SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain(RBD)or nucleoprotein(NP)via ELISA assay.Two RBD-reactive antibodies C14646P3S and C2767P3S isolated by LIBRA-seq exhibited high neutralizing activities against both pseudotyped and authentic SARS-CoV-2 viruses in vitro.Our study provides fundamental insights into B cell response following SARS-CoV-2 infection at the single-cell level.展开更多
基金Supported by Guangdong Provincial Technology-Planning Project of China(Grant Nos.2014B010106002,2013B10402006,2015B010137002)
文摘Currently, many research from domestic and foreign on improving anti-rollover performance of vehicle mainly focus on the electronic control of auxiliary equip- ment, do not make full use of suspension layout to optimize anti-rollover performance of vehicle. This investigation into anti-rollover propensity improvement concentrates on the vehicle parameters greatly influencing on anti-rollover propensity of vehicle. A simulation based on fishhook procedure is used to perform design trials and evaluations aimed at ensuring an optimal balance between vehicle's design parameters and various engineering capacities, the anti-rollover propensity is optimized at the detailed design stage of a new SUV model. Firstly a four-DOF theoretical kinematic model is established, then a complete multi-body dynamics model built in ADAMS/car based on the whole vehicle parameters is correlated to the objective handing and stability test results of a mule car. Secondly, in fish- hook test simulations, the Design of Experiments method is used to quantify the effect of the vehicle parameters on the anti-rollover performance. By means of the simulation, the roll center height of front suspension should be more than 30 mm, that of rear suspension less than 150 mm, and the HCG less than 620 mm for the SUV. The ratio of front to rear suspension roll stiffness should be ranged from 1.4 to1.6 for the SUV. As a result, at the detailed design stage of product, the anti-rollover performance of vehicle can be improved by optimizing chassis and integrated vehicle parameters.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970881)and(82041046)to Y.Q.C.Shenzhen Science and Technology Program under Grant(JCYJ20190807154603596 and JCYJ20200109142438111)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Project(2020YFC0841700)to M.W.the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32041002)to D.Y.G.the Special Fund for COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention&Control of Zhuhai City of China granted to S.D.C.
文摘B cell response plays a critical role against SARS-CoV-2 infection.However,little is known about the diversity and frequency of the paired SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific BCR repertoire after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Here,we performed single-cell RNA sequencing and VDJ sequencing using the memory and plasma B cells isolated from five convalescent COVID-19 patients,and analyzed the spectrum and transcriptional heterogeneity of antibody immune responses.Via linking BCR to antigen specificity through sequencing(LIBRA-seq),we identified a distinct activated memory B cell subgroup(CD11c^(high) CD95^(high))had a higher proportion of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-labeled cells compared with memory B cells.Our results revealed the diversity of paired BCR repertoire and the non-stochastic pairing of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific immunoglobulin heavy and light chains after SARS-CoV-2 infection.The public antibody clonotypes were shared by distinct convalescent individuals.Moreover,several antibodies isolated by LIBRA-seq showed high binding affinity against SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain(RBD)or nucleoprotein(NP)via ELISA assay.Two RBD-reactive antibodies C14646P3S and C2767P3S isolated by LIBRA-seq exhibited high neutralizing activities against both pseudotyped and authentic SARS-CoV-2 viruses in vitro.Our study provides fundamental insights into B cell response following SARS-CoV-2 infection at the single-cell level.