We simulate pulse shaping of bright-dark vector soliton pair in an optical fiber system.Through changing input pulse parameters(amplitude ratio,projection angle,time delay,and phase difference),different kinds of puls...We simulate pulse shaping of bright-dark vector soliton pair in an optical fiber system.Through changing input pulse parameters(amplitude ratio,projection angle,time delay,and phase difference),different kinds of pulse shapes and spectra can be generated.For input bright-dark vector soliton pair with the same central wavelength,“2+1”-and“2+2”-type pseudo-high-order bright-dark vector soliton pairs are achieved.While for the case of different central wavelengths,bright-dark vector soliton pairs with multiple pulse peaks/dips are demonstrated with appropriate pulse parameter setting.展开更多
The relationship between the volume of sphenoid sinus (SS) and the prevalence of internal carotid artery (ICA) and optic nerve (ON) protrusions in the SS was studied by using high-resolution CT imaging. The ICA and ON...The relationship between the volume of sphenoid sinus (SS) and the prevalence of internal carotid artery (ICA) and optic nerve (ON) protrusions in the SS was studied by using high-resolution CT imaging. The ICA and ON protrusions in SS were observed in randomly selected normal head CT scanning images from 350 adult subjects. Ac-cording to the incidence of ICA protrusion, three groups were divided into no ICA protrusion (70.75%), unilateral protrusion (8.68%) and bi-lateral protrusions (20.57%). The ON protrusion accounted for 16% in 350 subjects and accom-panied absolutely with ICA protrusion, but ICA protrusion appeared without accompanying with ON protrusion. The SS volume depended upon the protrusions in it and showed statistical dif-ferences, without ICA protrusion, the smallest size (11.16 ± 1.60) cm3;the unilateral protrusion, medium size (14.20 ± 1.80) cm3 and the bilateral protrusion, the largest size (25.03 ± 2.21) cm3. By observing 3D reconstructed models of ON and SS, we found ON was adjacent to SS (46%) and to posterior ethmoid sinuses (44%). The current study indicates that SS volume is varied with numbers of the protrusions and that ON location varies with the pneumatization of SS. Our results provide an anatomical basis to the surgeries for SS and its surrounding structures.展开更多
As a member of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase(PDE)enzyme family,PDE10A is in charge of the degradation of cyclic adenosine(cAMP)and guanosine monophosphates(cGMP).While PDE10A is primarily expressed in the medium...As a member of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase(PDE)enzyme family,PDE10A is in charge of the degradation of cyclic adenosine(cAMP)and guanosine monophosphates(cGMP).While PDE10A is primarily expressed in the medium spiny neurons of the striatum,it has been implicated in a variety of neurological disorders.Indeed,inhibition of PDE10A has proven to be of potential use for the treatment of central nervous system(CNS)pathologies caused by dysfunction of the basal ganglia–of which the striatum constitutes the largest component.A PDE10A-targeted positron emission tomography(PET)radioligand would enable a better assessment of the pathophysiologic role of PDE10A,as well as confirm the relationship between target occupancy and administrated dose of a given drug candidate,thus accelerating the development of effective PDE10A inhibitors.In this study,we designed and synthesized a novel ^(18)F-aryl PDE10A PET radioligand,codenamed[^(18)F]P10A-1910([^(18)F]9),in high radiochemical yield and molar activity via spirocyclic iodonium ylide-mediated radiofluorination.[^(18)F]9 possessed good in vitro binding affinity(IC_(50)=2.1 nmol/L)and selectivity towards PDE10A.Further,[^(18)F]9 exhibited reasonable lipophilicity(logD=3.50)and brain permeability(P_(app)>10×10^(−6) cm/s in MDCK-MDR1 cells).PET imaging studies of[^(18)F]9 revealed high striatal uptake and excellent in vivo specificity with reversible tracer kinetics.Preclinical studies in rodents revealed an improved plasma and brain stability of[^(18)F]9 when compared to the current reference standard for PDE10A-targeted PET,[^(18)F]MNI659.Further,dose–response experiments with a series of escalating doses of PDE10A inhibitor 1 in rhesus monkey brains confirmed the utility of[^(18)F]9 for evaluating target occupancy in vivo in higher species.In conclusion,our results indicated that[^(18)F]9 is a promising PDE10A PET radioligand for clinical translation.展开更多
This study examines the seasonal connections between the interannual variations in LOD (length of day)/ AAMglobe (the relative atmospheric angular momentum for the whole globe) and the ENSO-like SST (El Nifio/ So...This study examines the seasonal connections between the interannual variations in LOD (length of day)/ AAMglobe (the relative atmospheric angular momentum for the whole globe) and the ENSO-like SST (El Nifio/ Southern Oscillation-like sea surface temperature) pattern and corresponding zonal and vertical circulations. Consistent with previous studies, the ENSO-like SST impact the following season LOD/AAMglobe, with the strongest correlations in DJF (December, January, and February), when it is likely to be the peak E1 Nino/La Nifia period. Lag correlations between the interannual variations in LOD/AAMglobe and surface temperature, and the interannual variations in LOD and both zonal circulation and vertical airflow around the equator, consistently indicate that the LOD/AAMglobe reflect the potential impacts of variations in the Earth's rotation rate on the following season's sea surface temperatures (SST) over the tropical central and eastern pattern is located). Pacific (where the ENSO-like SST Moreover, the centers of strongest variation in the AAMcolumn (the relative atmospheric angular momentum for an air column and the unit mass over a square meter) are located over the mid-latitudinal North Pacific in DJF and MAM (March, April, and May), and over the mid-latitudinal South Pacific in JJA (June, July, and August) and SON (September, October, and November). This suggests that the AAMcolumn over the mid-latitudinal Pacific around 30°N (30~S) dominate the modulation of Earth's rotation rate, and then impact the variations in LOD during DJF and MAM (JJA and SON).展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the Sini San at different doses on each sleeping state[slow-wave sleep 1(SWS1), slow-wave sleep 2(SWS2), rapid-eye-movement(REM), wakefulness(W)] in insomnia rats and to identi...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the Sini San at different doses on each sleeping state[slow-wave sleep 1(SWS1), slow-wave sleep 2(SWS2), rapid-eye-movement(REM), wakefulness(W)] in insomnia rats and to identify its mode of ac-tion for improving sleep.METHODS: The insomnia rats were randomly divided into a high-, medium- or low-dose group of Sini San(equal to crude drug 8.8, 4.4, or 2.2 g/kg, respectively) for seven consecutive days.RESULTS: Compared with pre-administration,SWS2 was significantly increased after administration of the low dose. Compared with pre-administration, W was significantly decreased and SWS1,SWS2, and the total sleeping time(TST) were markedly increased after administration of the medium dose. Compared with pre-administration, W was significantly decreased and SWS1, SWS2, rapid-eye-movement sleep, and TST were significantly longer after administration of the high dose. The effects of Sini San on sleep-wake cycle are dose-dependent.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that Sini San extends SWS1 and SWS2, which increases the total sleeping time.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the sedative and hypnotic activity of paeoniflorin and freeze-dried Sini San powder on mice and provide a reliable method for determining the pharmacodynamic material basis of Sini San.METHOD...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the sedative and hypnotic activity of paeoniflorin and freeze-dried Sini San powder on mice and provide a reliable method for determining the pharmacodynamic material basis of Sini San.METHODS: Male adult mice weighing 20-22 g were used in this study. Three experiments were carried out. Synergism with pentobarbital was used as an index for hypnotic effect. Loss of the righting reflex was used to determine the start of sleep.Sleep latency and sleeping time were recorded in each experiment.RESULTS: The coefficient of variation of the suprathreshold dose(55 mg/kg) was significantly lower than that of the threshold dose. The sleep latency of mice was significantly decreased, and the sleeping time of mice was significantly prolonged. The effects of paeoniflorin and Sini San on prolonging the sleeping time of mice induced by pentobarbital sodium were significantly stronger than those in the control group.CONCLUSION: Paeoniflorin produces significant sedative and hypnotic effects, and there is an obvious dose-effect relationship.展开更多
The catalytic behavior of ultra-low-gold-loaded Au/CeO2 during CO oxidation was studied using HRTEM, TGA, in-situ FTIR, CO--TPD, O2-TPD, and O2-TPO. Herein, water, which facilitates CO oxidation, is present on the cat...The catalytic behavior of ultra-low-gold-loaded Au/CeO2 during CO oxidation was studied using HRTEM, TGA, in-situ FTIR, CO--TPD, O2-TPD, and O2-TPO. Herein, water, which facilitates CO oxidation, is present on the catalyst rather than obtained from the reactant gas. The experimental results show that the presence of water on the catalyst enhances the adsorption and activation of 02 to produce Oact on the catalyst surface, resulting in excellent catalytic activity. Different reaction pathways for CO oxidation over Au/CeO2 may be present; however, the dominant pathway is influenced by the species on the catalyst surface.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFB0504500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51672177).
文摘We simulate pulse shaping of bright-dark vector soliton pair in an optical fiber system.Through changing input pulse parameters(amplitude ratio,projection angle,time delay,and phase difference),different kinds of pulse shapes and spectra can be generated.For input bright-dark vector soliton pair with the same central wavelength,“2+1”-and“2+2”-type pseudo-high-order bright-dark vector soliton pairs are achieved.While for the case of different central wavelengths,bright-dark vector soliton pairs with multiple pulse peaks/dips are demonstrated with appropriate pulse parameter setting.
文摘The relationship between the volume of sphenoid sinus (SS) and the prevalence of internal carotid artery (ICA) and optic nerve (ON) protrusions in the SS was studied by using high-resolution CT imaging. The ICA and ON protrusions in SS were observed in randomly selected normal head CT scanning images from 350 adult subjects. Ac-cording to the incidence of ICA protrusion, three groups were divided into no ICA protrusion (70.75%), unilateral protrusion (8.68%) and bi-lateral protrusions (20.57%). The ON protrusion accounted for 16% in 350 subjects and accom-panied absolutely with ICA protrusion, but ICA protrusion appeared without accompanying with ON protrusion. The SS volume depended upon the protrusions in it and showed statistical dif-ferences, without ICA protrusion, the smallest size (11.16 ± 1.60) cm3;the unilateral protrusion, medium size (14.20 ± 1.80) cm3 and the bilateral protrusion, the largest size (25.03 ± 2.21) cm3. By observing 3D reconstructed models of ON and SS, we found ON was adjacent to SS (46%) and to posterior ethmoid sinuses (44%). The current study indicates that SS volume is varied with numbers of the protrusions and that ON location varies with the pneumatization of SS. Our results provide an anatomical basis to the surgeries for SS and its surrounding structures.
基金the support of K.C.Wong Education Foundation (China)financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82071974)+3 种基金Shenzhen Basic Research Project (JCYJ20180503182116931, China)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2020A1515011192, 2018A0303130052, China)Guangzhou Key Research Program on Brain Science (202007030008, China)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (21619104, 21621051, China)
文摘As a member of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase(PDE)enzyme family,PDE10A is in charge of the degradation of cyclic adenosine(cAMP)and guanosine monophosphates(cGMP).While PDE10A is primarily expressed in the medium spiny neurons of the striatum,it has been implicated in a variety of neurological disorders.Indeed,inhibition of PDE10A has proven to be of potential use for the treatment of central nervous system(CNS)pathologies caused by dysfunction of the basal ganglia–of which the striatum constitutes the largest component.A PDE10A-targeted positron emission tomography(PET)radioligand would enable a better assessment of the pathophysiologic role of PDE10A,as well as confirm the relationship between target occupancy and administrated dose of a given drug candidate,thus accelerating the development of effective PDE10A inhibitors.In this study,we designed and synthesized a novel ^(18)F-aryl PDE10A PET radioligand,codenamed[^(18)F]P10A-1910([^(18)F]9),in high radiochemical yield and molar activity via spirocyclic iodonium ylide-mediated radiofluorination.[^(18)F]9 possessed good in vitro binding affinity(IC_(50)=2.1 nmol/L)and selectivity towards PDE10A.Further,[^(18)F]9 exhibited reasonable lipophilicity(logD=3.50)and brain permeability(P_(app)>10×10^(−6) cm/s in MDCK-MDR1 cells).PET imaging studies of[^(18)F]9 revealed high striatal uptake and excellent in vivo specificity with reversible tracer kinetics.Preclinical studies in rodents revealed an improved plasma and brain stability of[^(18)F]9 when compared to the current reference standard for PDE10A-targeted PET,[^(18)F]MNI659.Further,dose–response experiments with a series of escalating doses of PDE10A inhibitor 1 in rhesus monkey brains confirmed the utility of[^(18)F]9 for evaluating target occupancy in vivo in higher species.In conclusion,our results indicated that[^(18)F]9 is a promising PDE10A PET radioligand for clinical translation.
文摘This study examines the seasonal connections between the interannual variations in LOD (length of day)/ AAMglobe (the relative atmospheric angular momentum for the whole globe) and the ENSO-like SST (El Nifio/ Southern Oscillation-like sea surface temperature) pattern and corresponding zonal and vertical circulations. Consistent with previous studies, the ENSO-like SST impact the following season LOD/AAMglobe, with the strongest correlations in DJF (December, January, and February), when it is likely to be the peak E1 Nino/La Nifia period. Lag correlations between the interannual variations in LOD/AAMglobe and surface temperature, and the interannual variations in LOD and both zonal circulation and vertical airflow around the equator, consistently indicate that the LOD/AAMglobe reflect the potential impacts of variations in the Earth's rotation rate on the following season's sea surface temperatures (SST) over the tropical central and eastern pattern is located). Pacific (where the ENSO-like SST Moreover, the centers of strongest variation in the AAMcolumn (the relative atmospheric angular momentum for an air column and the unit mass over a square meter) are located over the mid-latitudinal North Pacific in DJF and MAM (March, April, and May), and over the mid-latitudinal South Pacific in JJA (June, July, and August) and SON (September, October, and November). This suggests that the AAMcolumn over the mid-latitudinal Pacific around 30°N (30~S) dominate the modulation of Earth's rotation rate, and then impact the variations in LOD during DJF and MAM (JJA and SON).
基金Supported by Hippocampus Neural Coding Mechanism Research on Sini San Intervention Sleep Disorders of PTSD in Myospalax cansus from the National Natural Science Foundation(No.81460611)Study on Sini San for regulation of expression of proteins of drosophila brain of sleep deprivation of Gansu Province Natural Science Foundation(No.145RJZA076)+3 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Gansu Provincial Department of Finance Universities(No.2013-2)Mechanisms of hippocampal neurons based on Jiawei Sini San intervention coding mode PTSD sleep disordersMinistry of Education,Sini San for intervention of sleep deprivation in drosophila Based nano-2D-LC/MS technology of Science and Technology Key Project(No.212186)Proteomics and effective substance basic of Sini San for improving sleep of Gansu Province Natural Science Foundation(No.1010RJZA212)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the Sini San at different doses on each sleeping state[slow-wave sleep 1(SWS1), slow-wave sleep 2(SWS2), rapid-eye-movement(REM), wakefulness(W)] in insomnia rats and to identify its mode of ac-tion for improving sleep.METHODS: The insomnia rats were randomly divided into a high-, medium- or low-dose group of Sini San(equal to crude drug 8.8, 4.4, or 2.2 g/kg, respectively) for seven consecutive days.RESULTS: Compared with pre-administration,SWS2 was significantly increased after administration of the low dose. Compared with pre-administration, W was significantly decreased and SWS1,SWS2, and the total sleeping time(TST) were markedly increased after administration of the medium dose. Compared with pre-administration, W was significantly decreased and SWS1, SWS2, rapid-eye-movement sleep, and TST were significantly longer after administration of the high dose. The effects of Sini San on sleep-wake cycle are dose-dependent.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that Sini San extends SWS1 and SWS2, which increases the total sleeping time.
基金Supported by Gansu Province Finance colleges Fundamental Research Foundation (No.2013-2)Ministry of Education,Science and Technology Key Project (No.212186)and Gansu Province Natural Science Foundation (No.1010RJZA212)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the sedative and hypnotic activity of paeoniflorin and freeze-dried Sini San powder on mice and provide a reliable method for determining the pharmacodynamic material basis of Sini San.METHODS: Male adult mice weighing 20-22 g were used in this study. Three experiments were carried out. Synergism with pentobarbital was used as an index for hypnotic effect. Loss of the righting reflex was used to determine the start of sleep.Sleep latency and sleeping time were recorded in each experiment.RESULTS: The coefficient of variation of the suprathreshold dose(55 mg/kg) was significantly lower than that of the threshold dose. The sleep latency of mice was significantly decreased, and the sleeping time of mice was significantly prolonged. The effects of paeoniflorin and Sini San on prolonging the sleeping time of mice induced by pentobarbital sodium were significantly stronger than those in the control group.CONCLUSION: Paeoniflorin produces significant sedative and hypnotic effects, and there is an obvious dose-effect relationship.
文摘The catalytic behavior of ultra-low-gold-loaded Au/CeO2 during CO oxidation was studied using HRTEM, TGA, in-situ FTIR, CO--TPD, O2-TPD, and O2-TPO. Herein, water, which facilitates CO oxidation, is present on the catalyst rather than obtained from the reactant gas. The experimental results show that the presence of water on the catalyst enhances the adsorption and activation of 02 to produce Oact on the catalyst surface, resulting in excellent catalytic activity. Different reaction pathways for CO oxidation over Au/CeO2 may be present; however, the dominant pathway is influenced by the species on the catalyst surface.