Metal halide perovskite-based solar cells(PSCs) have rapidly-increased power conversion efficiency(PCE)exceeding 25% but poor stability especially under ultraviolet(UV) light. Meanwhile, non-radiative recombination ca...Metal halide perovskite-based solar cells(PSCs) have rapidly-increased power conversion efficiency(PCE)exceeding 25% but poor stability especially under ultraviolet(UV) light. Meanwhile, non-radiative recombination caused by diverse defects in perovskite absorbers and related interfaces is one of the major factors confining further development of PSCs. In this study, we systematically investigate the role of 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole(UVP) additive in perovskite layers. By adjusting the amount of doped UVP, the quality of perovskite absorbers is significantly improved with enlarged grains, longer lifetime and diffusion length of charge carriers. Furthermore, UVP not only reduces defects for less nonradiative recombination, but also matches energy level alignment for efficient interfacial charge extraction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms that N-donor of UVP molecule coordinates with undercoordinated Pb^(2+) on the surface. Interestingly, UVP incorporated in PbI_(2) protects the perovskite by absorbing UV through the opening and closing of the chelating ring. Eventually, the UVP treated PSCs obtain a champion PCE of 22.46% with remarkably enhanced UV stability, retaining over 90% of initial PCE after 60 m W/cm^(2) strong UV irradiation for 9 h while the control maintaining only 74%. These results demonstrate a promising strategy fabricating passivated and UV-resistant perovskite materials simultaneously for efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaics.展开更多
An intelligent mosquito net employing deep learning has been one of the hotspots in the field of Internet of Things as it can reduce significantly the spread of pathogens carried by mosquitoes,and help people live wel...An intelligent mosquito net employing deep learning has been one of the hotspots in the field of Internet of Things as it can reduce significantly the spread of pathogens carried by mosquitoes,and help people live well in mosquito-infested areas.In this study,we propose an intelligent mosquito net that can produce and transmit data through the Internet of Medical Things.In our method,decision-making is controlled by a deep learning model,and the proposed method uses infrared sensors and an array of pressure sensors to collect data.Moreover the ZigBee protocol is used to transmit the pressure map which is formed by pressure sensors with the deep learning perception model,determining automatically the intention of the user to open or close the mosquito net.We used optical flow to extract pressure map features,and they were fed to a 3-dimensional convolutional neural network(3D-CNN)classification model subsequently.We achieved the expected results using a nested cross-validation method to evaluate our model.Deep learning has better adaptability than the traditional methods and also has better anti-interference by the different bodies of users.This research has the potential to be used in intelligent medical protection and large-scale sensor array perception of the environment.展开更多
In this study,a method for optical simulation of external quantum efficiency(EQE)spectra of solar cells based on spectroscopy is proposed,which is based on the tested transmittance and reflectance spectra.First,to obt...In this study,a method for optical simulation of external quantum efficiency(EQE)spectra of solar cells based on spectroscopy is proposed,which is based on the tested transmittance and reflectance spectra.First,to obtain a more accurate information of refractive index and extinction coefficient values,we modified the reported optical constants from the measured reflectance and transmittance spectra.The obtained optical constants of each layer were then collected to simulate the EQE spectra of the device.This method provides a simple,accurate and versatile way to obtain the actual optical constants of different layers.The EQE simulation approach was applied to the flat and textured heterojunctions with intrinsic layers(HIT)solar cells,respectively,which showed a perfect matching between the calculation results and the experimental data.Furthermore,the specific optical losses in different devices were analyzed.展开更多
Metasurface,a forefront in emerging optical devices,has demonstrated remarkable potential for complex amplitude manipulation of light beams.However,prevailing approaches face challenges in spatial resolution and compl...Metasurface,a forefront in emerging optical devices,has demonstrated remarkable potential for complex amplitude manipulation of light beams.However,prevailing approaches face challenges in spatial resolution and complexities associated with integrating dynamic phases,impeding the simplified design and reproducible fabrication of metasurfaces.Here,we introduce an innovative approach for complex amplitude modulation within 3D nano-printed geometric phase metasurfaces.Our approach enables the generation of self-accelerating beams by encoding amplitude through phase-only manipulation,achieving high spatial resolution.Notably,this method circumvents the conventional need to adjust the geometric parameters of metasurface unit structures for amplitude manipulation,offering a streamlined and efficient route for design and fabrication complexity.This novel methodology holds promise for expedited and low-cost manufacturing of complex amplitude manipulation metasurfaces.展开更多
Coper thiocyanate(CuSCN)is generally considered as a very hopeful inorganic hole transport material(HTM)in semitransparent perovskite solar cells(ST-PSCs)because of its low parasitic absorption,high inherent stability...Coper thiocyanate(CuSCN)is generally considered as a very hopeful inorganic hole transport material(HTM)in semitransparent perovskite solar cells(ST-PSCs)because of its low parasitic absorption,high inherent stability,and low cost.However,the poor electrical conductivity and low work function of CuSCN lead to the insufficient hole extraction and large open-circuit voltage loss.Here,2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane(F4TCNQ)is employed to improve conductivity of CuSCN and band alignment at the CuSCN/perovskite(PVK)interface.As a result,the average power conversion efficiency(PCE)of PSCs is boosted by≈11%.In addition,benefiting from the superior transparency of p-type CuSCN HTMs,the prepared bifacial semitransparent n-i-p planar PSCs demonstrate a maximum efficiency of 14.8%and 12.5%by the illumination from the front side and back side,respectively.We believe that this developed CuSCN-based ST-PSCs will promote practical applications in building integrated photovoltaics and tandem solar cells.展开更多
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and their signaling pathways have essential roles in recognizing various components of pathogens as well as damaged cells and triggering inflammatory responses that eliminate inv...Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and their signaling pathways have essential roles in recognizing various components of pathogens as well as damaged cells and triggering inflammatory responses that eliminate invading microorganisms and damaged cells. The zebrafish relies heavily on these primary defense mechanisms against pathogens. Here, we review the major PRR signaling pathways in the zebrafish innate immune system and compare these signaling pathways in zebrafish and humans to reveal their evolutionary relationship and better understand their innate immune defense mechanisms.展开更多
Organic solar cells have attracted academic and industrial interests due to the advantages like lightweight,flexibility and roll-to-roll fabrication.Nowadays,18%power conversion efficiency has been achieved in the sta...Organic solar cells have attracted academic and industrial interests due to the advantages like lightweight,flexibility and roll-to-roll fabrication.Nowadays,18%power conversion efficiency has been achieved in the state-of-the-art organic solar cells.The recent rapid progress in organic solar cells relies on the continuously emerging new materials and device fabrication technologies,and the deep understanding on film morphology,molecular packing and device physics.Donor and acceptor materials are the key materials for organic solar cells since they determine the device performance.The past 25 years have witnessed an odyssey in developing high-performance donors and acceptors.In this review,we focus on those star materials and milestone work,and introduce the molecular structure evolution of key materials.These key materials include homopolymer donors,D-A copolymer donors,A-D-A small molecular donors,fullerene acceptors and nonfullerene acceptors.At last,we outlook the challenges and very important directions in key materials development.展开更多
Currently,perovskite solar cells(PSCs)based on polycrystalline absorbers reach a certified power conversion efficiency(PCE)of25.2%[1].However,the further advance of the PCE has been impeded by intrinsic defects locate...Currently,perovskite solar cells(PSCs)based on polycrystalline absorbers reach a certified power conversion efficiency(PCE)of25.2%[1].However,the further advance of the PCE has been impeded by intrinsic defects located at the surface or grain boundaries of polycrystalline perovskite films[2–4].展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB1500105)the Natural Science Foundation of China(61874167)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universitiesthe 111 Project(B16027)the International Cooperation Base(2016D01025)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51773045,21772030,51922032,21961160720)for financial support。
文摘Metal halide perovskite-based solar cells(PSCs) have rapidly-increased power conversion efficiency(PCE)exceeding 25% but poor stability especially under ultraviolet(UV) light. Meanwhile, non-radiative recombination caused by diverse defects in perovskite absorbers and related interfaces is one of the major factors confining further development of PSCs. In this study, we systematically investigate the role of 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole(UVP) additive in perovskite layers. By adjusting the amount of doped UVP, the quality of perovskite absorbers is significantly improved with enlarged grains, longer lifetime and diffusion length of charge carriers. Furthermore, UVP not only reduces defects for less nonradiative recombination, but also matches energy level alignment for efficient interfacial charge extraction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms that N-donor of UVP molecule coordinates with undercoordinated Pb^(2+) on the surface. Interestingly, UVP incorporated in PbI_(2) protects the perovskite by absorbing UV through the opening and closing of the chelating ring. Eventually, the UVP treated PSCs obtain a champion PCE of 22.46% with remarkably enhanced UV stability, retaining over 90% of initial PCE after 60 m W/cm^(2) strong UV irradiation for 9 h while the control maintaining only 74%. These results demonstrate a promising strategy fabricating passivated and UV-resistant perovskite materials simultaneously for efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaics.
基金The financial support provided by the Cooperative Education Fund of China Ministry of Education(201702113002,201801193119)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(20A191)the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(61702180)are greatly appreciated by the authors.
文摘An intelligent mosquito net employing deep learning has been one of the hotspots in the field of Internet of Things as it can reduce significantly the spread of pathogens carried by mosquitoes,and help people live well in mosquito-infested areas.In this study,we propose an intelligent mosquito net that can produce and transmit data through the Internet of Medical Things.In our method,decision-making is controlled by a deep learning model,and the proposed method uses infrared sensors and an array of pressure sensors to collect data.Moreover the ZigBee protocol is used to transmit the pressure map which is formed by pressure sensors with the deep learning perception model,determining automatically the intention of the user to open or close the mosquito net.We used optical flow to extract pressure map features,and they were fed to a 3-dimensional convolutional neural network(3D-CNN)classification model subsequently.We achieved the expected results using a nested cross-validation method to evaluate our model.Deep learning has better adaptability than the traditional methods and also has better anti-interference by the different bodies of users.This research has the potential to be used in intelligent medical protection and large-scale sensor array perception of the environment.
基金supports from National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFB1500103)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61474065 and 61674084)+2 种基金Tianjin Research Key Program of Science and Technology (Grant No. 18ZXJMTG00220)111 Project (Grant No. B16027)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘In this study,a method for optical simulation of external quantum efficiency(EQE)spectra of solar cells based on spectroscopy is proposed,which is based on the tested transmittance and reflectance spectra.First,to obtain a more accurate information of refractive index and extinction coefficient values,we modified the reported optical constants from the measured reflectance and transmittance spectra.The obtained optical constants of each layer were then collected to simulate the EQE spectra of the device.This method provides a simple,accurate and versatile way to obtain the actual optical constants of different layers.The EQE simulation approach was applied to the flat and textured heterojunctions with intrinsic layers(HIT)solar cells,respectively,which showed a perfect matching between the calculation results and the experimental data.Furthermore,the specific optical losses in different devices were analyzed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62175153)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0701800)。
文摘Metasurface,a forefront in emerging optical devices,has demonstrated remarkable potential for complex amplitude manipulation of light beams.However,prevailing approaches face challenges in spatial resolution and complexities associated with integrating dynamic phases,impeding the simplified design and reproducible fabrication of metasurfaces.Here,we introduce an innovative approach for complex amplitude modulation within 3D nano-printed geometric phase metasurfaces.Our approach enables the generation of self-accelerating beams by encoding amplitude through phase-only manipulation,achieving high spatial resolution.Notably,this method circumvents the conventional need to adjust the geometric parameters of metasurface unit structures for amplitude manipulation,offering a streamlined and efficient route for design and fabrication complexity.This novel methodology holds promise for expedited and low-cost manufacturing of complex amplitude manipulation metasurfaces.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFB1500103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61674084)+1 种基金the Overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation of Higher Education of China(Grant No.B16027)the Science and Technology Project of Tianjin,China(Grant No.18ZXJMTG00220).
文摘Coper thiocyanate(CuSCN)is generally considered as a very hopeful inorganic hole transport material(HTM)in semitransparent perovskite solar cells(ST-PSCs)because of its low parasitic absorption,high inherent stability,and low cost.However,the poor electrical conductivity and low work function of CuSCN lead to the insufficient hole extraction and large open-circuit voltage loss.Here,2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane(F4TCNQ)is employed to improve conductivity of CuSCN and band alignment at the CuSCN/perovskite(PVK)interface.As a result,the average power conversion efficiency(PCE)of PSCs is boosted by≈11%.In addition,benefiting from the superior transparency of p-type CuSCN HTMs,the prepared bifacial semitransparent n-i-p planar PSCs demonstrate a maximum efficiency of 14.8%and 12.5%by the illumination from the front side and back side,respectively.We believe that this developed CuSCN-based ST-PSCs will promote practical applications in building integrated photovoltaics and tandem solar cells.
基金ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TJ is supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the 100 Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. YIL is supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation. We express our appreciation to Tsan Sam Xiao at Case Western Reserve University and Bin Lin at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, USA for proofreading and suggestions.
文摘Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and their signaling pathways have essential roles in recognizing various components of pathogens as well as damaged cells and triggering inflammatory responses that eliminate invading microorganisms and damaged cells. The zebrafish relies heavily on these primary defense mechanisms against pathogens. Here, we review the major PRR signaling pathways in the zebrafish innate immune system and compare these signaling pathways in zebrafish and humans to reveal their evolutionary relationship and better understand their innate immune defense mechanisms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51773045,21772030,51922032,21961160720)。
文摘Organic solar cells have attracted academic and industrial interests due to the advantages like lightweight,flexibility and roll-to-roll fabrication.Nowadays,18%power conversion efficiency has been achieved in the state-of-the-art organic solar cells.The recent rapid progress in organic solar cells relies on the continuously emerging new materials and device fabrication technologies,and the deep understanding on film morphology,molecular packing and device physics.Donor and acceptor materials are the key materials for organic solar cells since they determine the device performance.The past 25 years have witnessed an odyssey in developing high-performance donors and acceptors.In this review,we focus on those star materials and milestone work,and introduce the molecular structure evolution of key materials.These key materials include homopolymer donors,D-A copolymer donors,A-D-A small molecular donors,fullerene acceptors and nonfullerene acceptors.At last,we outlook the challenges and very important directions in key materials development.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (61874167 and 61674084)the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFB1500105)+5 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universitiesthe Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City (17JCYBJC41400)the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science & Technology of Ministry of Education of China (2017KFKT014)the 111 Project (B16027)the International Cooperation Base (2016D01025)Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center。
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB1500105,and 2017YFA0206600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61874167,51773045,21772030,51922032,and 21961160720)+4 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of China(91673224,63181321,63191414)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(17JCYBJC41400)the 111 Project(B16027)the International Cooperation Base(2016D01025)the Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center。
文摘Currently,perovskite solar cells(PSCs)based on polycrystalline absorbers reach a certified power conversion efficiency(PCE)of25.2%[1].However,the further advance of the PCE has been impeded by intrinsic defects located at the surface or grain boundaries of polycrystalline perovskite films[2–4].