Sodium Content in Takeaway Meals Sampled from Three Large China Cities

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate salt levels in popular hot takeaway meals in three large China cities, and to compare the difference in sodium content in different types of takeaway meals. Methods: We randomly collected a total of 4450 samples of 7 different types of takeaway meals, which were the most consumed by local residents from takeaway platforms. The main ingredients, auxiliary ingredients, as well as the weight used in takeaway meals were collected. The sodium content in takeaway meals was obtained by calculation. Results: Obtained results show that the sodium content in three large China cities is alarmingly high. Comparing medians (interquartile range) of takeaway meals from different cities, Beijing contained the highest sodium content per portion (1371.3 mg (890.3 - 2137.4)), followed by Hangzhou (1348.45 mg (694.25 - 1541.62)) and Shanghai (340.1 (259.75 - 942.25)). In addition, the sodium content between pasta and porridge, Chinese meals, and western meals show significant differences (p 0.05). Compared with Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes, the average sodium content exceeded dietary recommendations for one takeaway meal. The sodium content differed among takeaway meals prepared with various cooking methods and meats. Conclusion: Notable differences are detected in takeaway meals’ sodium content between several large cities in China. To meet China’s target salt intake, consumers in these cities are highly recommended to reduce sodium content in their everyday meals.

Alloy-Electrode-Assisted High-Performance Enhancement-Type Neodymium-Doped Indium-Zinc-Oxide Thin-Film Transistors on Polyimide Flexible Substrate

Flexible thin-film transistors with high current-driven capability are of great significance for the next-generation new display technology.The effect of a Cu-Cr-Zr(CCZ)copper alloy source/drain(S/D)electrode on flexible amorphous neodymiumdoped indium-zinc-oxide thin-film transistors(NdIZO-TFTs)was investigated.Compared with pure copper(Cu)and aluminum(Al)S/D electrodes,the CCZ S/D electrode changes the TFT working mode from depletion mode to enhancement mode,which is ascribed to the alloy-assisted interface layer besides work function matching.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)depth profile analysis was conducted to examine the chemical states of the contact interface,and the result suggested that chromium(Cr)oxide and zirconium(Zr)oxide aggregate at the interface between the S/D electrode and the active layer,acting as a potential barrier against residual free electron carriers.The optimal NdIZO-TFT exhibited a desired performance with a saturation mobility(μsat)of 40.3 cm^(2)·V-1·s^(-1),an Ion/Ioff ratio of 1:24×10^(8),a subthreshold swing(SS)value of 0.12 V·decade^(-1),and a threshold voltage(Vth)of 0.83 V.This work is anticipated to provide a novel approach to the realization of highperformance flexible NdIZO-TFTs working in enhancement mode.

Numerical modeling of the critical pipeline inclination for the elimination of the water accumulation on the pipe floor in oil-water fluid flow

In this work,numerical models were developed to investigate the critical inclination of a pipeline to eliminate the water accumulation at the floor of the pipe carrying oil-water fluid.Computational fluid dynamics software was used to establish a geometric model of the pipe with various inclination angles,and a grid-independent verification was conducted to determine a reasonable meshing method.Quantitative relationships were determined between the pipe inclination angle and the affecting factors including the flow velocity,viscosity and the pipe diameter,where the water accumulation would not be able to occur.Generally,the critical inclination angle increases with the fluid flow velocity.The refluxing of water is the key mechanism causing the water accumulation at the bottom of the pipe.In addition to the fluid flow velocity,an increase in fluid viscosity and a decrease in the pipe diameter cause an increase of the critical inclination angle that the water phase can be carried away by oil.The model can be used to determine the critical inclination of pipelines carrying oil-water fluid to cause the water accumulation and the operating conditions that can eliminate the accumulation of water phase at the pipe floor.