Approaches to sustaining people-place bonds in conservation planning:from value-based,living heritage,to the glocal community

This review paper explores approaches to sustaining the enduring connection between communities and heritage places in conservation planning.Amidst global overtourism,the gradual outmigration and sudden displacement of local communities from heritage places disrupt not only physical ties between people and places but also shared traditions,memories and emotional bonds.These intangible qualities constitute the social dimension of heritage and are pivotal to its cultural significance.However,existing conservation approaches to safeguarding this social dimension often rely on the continued presence of local communities,which may yield limited effectiveness in restoring people–place bonds amidst challenges posed by overtourism and displacement.This review unpacks the term‘social value’within the framework of value-based assessment and progresses towards a dynamic conception of‘sense of place’.In response to the changing social composition of‘local communities’at heritage places,this review examines approaches for conserving the social dimension of heritage,aiming to sustain the enduring continuity of people–place bonding.It proposes a broader definition of‘sense of place’that transcends the preconceived notion of stakeholder groups as a geographically defined community and suggests leveraging digital social platforms to re-establish these bonds.The review concludes by advocating for the‘glocal community’approach,acknowledging the personal emotional connections that individuals form with a heritage place regardless of their places of residence.This approach has the potential to complement existing methods,such as value-based assessment and the living heritage approach,which are commonly practised in contemporary conservation efforts.

Relationship between the number of tapping-induced secondary laticifer lines and rubber yield among Hevea germplasm

The lack of suitable early selection parameters means that traditional rubber breeding for yield is time consuming and inefficient. Laticifer is a tissue specific fo natural rubber biosynthesis and storage in rubber tree. The number of the secondary laticifers in the trunk bark tissues is positively correlated with rubber yield in the matured rubber trees that are regularly tapped. In the present study the rubber yield from 280 of 4–5 year-old virgin trees from7 cross combinations was compared with the number o newly differentiated secondary laticifers caused by tapping. Results showed that the number of tapping induced lines of secondary laticifers varied in differen germplasm and was positively related to the rubber yield indicating this could be used as a suitable parameter fo early evaluation of yield potential of rubber trees.