Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) is a pleiotropic cytokine implicated in tumor immune surveillance, with its antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, and immune-provoking effects. Regarding the antitumor effects of IFNγ, IFNγ-depe...Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) is a pleiotropic cytokine implicated in tumor immune surveillance, with its antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, and immune-provoking effects. Regarding the antitumor effects of IFNγ, IFNγ-dependent therapies have been proposed and have undergone many clinical trials for various cancer types but the outcomes were not satisfactory. Recent studies have suggested that cancer cells develop immune evasion strategies to escape from IFNγ-dependent immunosurveillance by various mechanisms. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the effects and molecular mechanisms of IFNγ on target cells, as well as potential immune escape mechanisms of tumor cells. Furthermore, we discuss how to target IFNγ signaling and overcome immune evasion to provide promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of patients with cancer.展开更多
The reaction of HCHO with Beijing winter＇s real ambient particulate matter （PM） inside a 3.3 m3 Teflon Chamber was conducted in this study. NO2, OB and H20 gases were removed from the ambient aerosol before enterin...The reaction of HCHO with Beijing winter＇s real ambient particulate matter （PM） inside a 3.3 m3 Teflon Chamber was conducted in this study. NO2, OB and H20 gases were removed from the ambient aerosol before entering into the chamber. The decays of HCHO were monitored （acetylacetone spectrophotometry method） during the reactions at different PM number concentrations （Na） and relative humidities （RHs）, and the formed particulate formate was detected by IC and XPS techniques. The results showed that when RH was 10%-15%, the decay rate of HCHO in the chamber was higher with the existence of PM from relatively clean days （with number concentration （Na） 〈 200,000 particle/L, 0.35-22.5 μm） compared to dirty days （Na 〉 200,000 particle/L, 0.35-22.5 μm）. When RH increased to 30%- 45%, PM can hardly have significant influences on the decay of HCHO. The formations of formate on the reacted PM were consistent with the HCHO decay rates at different ambient PM Na and RH conditions. This is a first study related to the ＂real＂ ambient PM reacted with HCHO and suggested that in the clean and low RH days, PM could be an effective medium for the conversion of HCHO to formate.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 82022049, JXNo. 82073105, NN)+1 种基金Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support(No. 20161312, JX)State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes(KF2113, NN)。
文摘Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) is a pleiotropic cytokine implicated in tumor immune surveillance, with its antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, and immune-provoking effects. Regarding the antitumor effects of IFNγ, IFNγ-dependent therapies have been proposed and have undergone many clinical trials for various cancer types but the outcomes were not satisfactory. Recent studies have suggested that cancer cells develop immune evasion strategies to escape from IFNγ-dependent immunosurveillance by various mechanisms. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the effects and molecular mechanisms of IFNγ on target cells, as well as potential immune escape mechanisms of tumor cells. Furthermore, we discuss how to target IFNγ signaling and overcome immune evasion to provide promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of patients with cancer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.41421064,21577003,21277004)
文摘The reaction of HCHO with Beijing winter＇s real ambient particulate matter （PM） inside a 3.3 m3 Teflon Chamber was conducted in this study. NO2, OB and H20 gases were removed from the ambient aerosol before entering into the chamber. The decays of HCHO were monitored （acetylacetone spectrophotometry method） during the reactions at different PM number concentrations （Na） and relative humidities （RHs）, and the formed particulate formate was detected by IC and XPS techniques. The results showed that when RH was 10%-15%, the decay rate of HCHO in the chamber was higher with the existence of PM from relatively clean days （with number concentration （Na） 〈 200,000 particle/L, 0.35-22.5 μm） compared to dirty days （Na 〉 200,000 particle/L, 0.35-22.5 μm）. When RH increased to 30%- 45%, PM can hardly have significant influences on the decay of HCHO. The formations of formate on the reacted PM were consistent with the HCHO decay rates at different ambient PM Na and RH conditions. This is a first study related to the ＂real＂ ambient PM reacted with HCHO and suggested that in the clean and low RH days, PM could be an effective medium for the conversion of HCHO to formate.
