Diabetic kidney disease is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease,making it a global public health concern.The molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic kidney disease have not been elucidated due to its complex pa...Diabetic kidney disease is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease,making it a global public health concern.The molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic kidney disease have not been elucidated due to its complex pathogenesis.Thus,exploring these mechanisms from new perspectives is the current focus of research concerning diabetic kidney disease.lon channels are important proteins that maintain the physiological functions of cells and organs.Among ion channels,potassium channels stand out,because they are the most common and important channels on eukaryotic cell surfaces and function as the basis for cell excitability.Certain potassium channel abnormalities have been found to be closely related to diabetic kid-ney disease progression and genetic susceptibility,such as K_(ATP),K_(ca),K_(ir),and K_(v).In this review,we summarized the roles of different types of potassium channels in the occurrence and devel-opment of diabetic kidney disease to discuss whether the development of DKD is due to potas-sium channel dysfunction and present new ideas for the treatment of DKD.展开更多
REBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7−x)(REBCO)coated conductors,owing to its high tensile strength and current‐carrying ability in a background field,are widely regarded a promising candidate in high‐field applications.Despite the gr...REBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7−x)(REBCO)coated conductors,owing to its high tensile strength and current‐carrying ability in a background field,are widely regarded a promising candidate in high‐field applications.Despite the great potentials,recent studies have highlighted the challenges posed by screening currents,which are featured by a highly nonuniform current distribution in the superconducting layer.In this paper,we report a comprehensive study on the behaviors of screening currents in a compact REBCO coil,specifically the screeningcurrent‐induced magnetic fields and strains.Experiments were carried out in the self‐generated magnetic field and a background field,respectively.In the self‐field condition,the full hysteresis of the magnetic field was obtained by applying current sweeps with repeatedly reversed polarity,as the nominal center field reached 9.17 T with a maximum peak current of 350 A.In a background field of 23.15 T,the insert coil generated a center field of 4.17 T with an applied current of 170 A.Ultimately,a total center field of 32.58 T was achieved before quench.Both the sequential model and the coupled model considering the perpendicular field modification due to conductor deformation are applied.The comparative study shows that,for this coil,the electromagnetic–mechanical coupling plays a trivial role in self‐field conditions up to 9 T.In contrast,with a high axial field dominated by the background field,the coupling effect has a stronger influence on the predicted current and strain distributions.Further discussions regarding the role of background field on the strains in the insert suggest potential design strategies to maximize the total center field.展开更多
Enhancing the mechanical strength of highly conductive pure metals usually causes significant reduction in their electrical conductivity.For example,introducing phase/matrix interfaces or more grain boundaries,are com...Enhancing the mechanical strength of highly conductive pure metals usually causes significant reduction in their electrical conductivity.For example,introducing phase/matrix interfaces or more grain boundaries,are common and effective methods to strengthen metals.But it simultaneously increases the electron scattering at the interface,thus reducing the electrical conductivity.In this study,we demonstrate that pure aluminum(Al)/carbon nanotubes(CNTs)nanocomposites prepared by friction stir processing have successfully broken through these limitations.The yield strength and tensile strength of Al/CNTs nanocomposites have improved by 104.7%and 51.8%compared to pure Al,while the electrical conductivity remained comparable to that of pure Al.To explore the potential mechanisms,the interface between CNTs and Al was examined and characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and Raman spectroscopy.Little interfacial reaction compounds were present and no visible physical gaps were observed at CNTs and Al interfaces.We defined it as a clean and tightly bonded interface.Although the quantity of phase interface has increased,the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite remains approximately unchanged.We attribute the preserved electrical conductivity to the clean and tightly bonded CNTs/Al interface in the nanocomposite.展开更多
基金the National R&D Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Funded by Ministry of Science and ICT(Grant No.2022M3I9A1072846)the Applied Superconductivity Center,Electric Power Research Institute of Seoul National University.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82070745 to J.G.)the Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province,China(No.202102310051,182102310571to J.G.)the Innovation Scientists and Technicians Troop Construction Projects of Henan Province,China(No.182101510002 to Z.L.).
文摘Diabetic kidney disease is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease,making it a global public health concern.The molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic kidney disease have not been elucidated due to its complex pathogenesis.Thus,exploring these mechanisms from new perspectives is the current focus of research concerning diabetic kidney disease.lon channels are important proteins that maintain the physiological functions of cells and organs.Among ion channels,potassium channels stand out,because they are the most common and important channels on eukaryotic cell surfaces and function as the basis for cell excitability.Certain potassium channel abnormalities have been found to be closely related to diabetic kid-ney disease progression and genetic susceptibility,such as K_(ATP),K_(ca),K_(ir),and K_(v).In this review,we summarized the roles of different types of potassium channels in the occurrence and devel-opment of diabetic kidney disease to discuss whether the development of DKD is due to potas-sium channel dysfunction and present new ideas for the treatment of DKD.
基金supported by the National MCF Energy R&D Program under Grant No.2022YFE03150103the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant No.52277026the BK21 FOUR program of the Education and Research Program for Future ICT Pioneers,Seoul National University in 2023.
文摘REBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7−x)(REBCO)coated conductors,owing to its high tensile strength and current‐carrying ability in a background field,are widely regarded a promising candidate in high‐field applications.Despite the great potentials,recent studies have highlighted the challenges posed by screening currents,which are featured by a highly nonuniform current distribution in the superconducting layer.In this paper,we report a comprehensive study on the behaviors of screening currents in a compact REBCO coil,specifically the screeningcurrent‐induced magnetic fields and strains.Experiments were carried out in the self‐generated magnetic field and a background field,respectively.In the self‐field condition,the full hysteresis of the magnetic field was obtained by applying current sweeps with repeatedly reversed polarity,as the nominal center field reached 9.17 T with a maximum peak current of 350 A.In a background field of 23.15 T,the insert coil generated a center field of 4.17 T with an applied current of 170 A.Ultimately,a total center field of 32.58 T was achieved before quench.Both the sequential model and the coupled model considering the perpendicular field modification due to conductor deformation are applied.The comparative study shows that,for this coil,the electromagnetic–mechanical coupling plays a trivial role in self‐field conditions up to 9 T.In contrast,with a high axial field dominated by the background field,the coupling effect has a stronger influence on the predicted current and strain distributions.Further discussions regarding the role of background field on the strains in the insert suggest potential design strategies to maximize the total center field.
文摘Enhancing the mechanical strength of highly conductive pure metals usually causes significant reduction in their electrical conductivity.For example,introducing phase/matrix interfaces or more grain boundaries,are common and effective methods to strengthen metals.But it simultaneously increases the electron scattering at the interface,thus reducing the electrical conductivity.In this study,we demonstrate that pure aluminum(Al)/carbon nanotubes(CNTs)nanocomposites prepared by friction stir processing have successfully broken through these limitations.The yield strength and tensile strength of Al/CNTs nanocomposites have improved by 104.7%and 51.8%compared to pure Al,while the electrical conductivity remained comparable to that of pure Al.To explore the potential mechanisms,the interface between CNTs and Al was examined and characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and Raman spectroscopy.Little interfacial reaction compounds were present and no visible physical gaps were observed at CNTs and Al interfaces.We defined it as a clean and tightly bonded interface.Although the quantity of phase interface has increased,the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite remains approximately unchanged.We attribute the preserved electrical conductivity to the clean and tightly bonded CNTs/Al interface in the nanocomposite.
