Rational Design of Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Ferrites as Air Electrode for Highly Active and Durable Reversible Protonic Ceramic Cells

Reversible protonic ceramic cells(RePCCs)hold promise for efficient energy storage,but their practicality is hindered by a lack of high-performance air electrode materials.Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite Sr_(3)Fe_(2)O_(7−δ)(SF)exhibits superior proton uptake and rapid ionic conduction,boosting activity.However,excessive proton uptake during RePCC operation degrades SF’s crystal structure,impacting durability.This study introduces a novel A/B-sites co-substitution strategy for modifying air electrodes,incorporating Sr-deficiency and Nb-substitution to create Sr_(2.8)Fe_(1.8)Nb_(0.2)O_(7−δ)(D-SFN).Nb stabilizes SF’s crystal,curbing excessive phase formation,and Sr-deficiency boosts oxygen vacancy concentration,optimizing oxygen transport.The D-SFN electrode demonstrates outstanding activity and durability,achieving a peak power density of 596 mW cm^(−2)in fuel cell mode and a current density of−1.19 A cm^(−2)in electrolysis mode at 1.3 V,650℃,with excellent cycling durability.This approach holds the potential for advancing robust and efficient air electrodes in RePCCs for renewable energy storage.

High-Entropy Perovskite Oxide: A New Opportunity for Developing Highly Active and Durable Air Electrode for Reversible Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cells

Reversible proton ceramic electrochemical cell(R-PCEC)is regarded as the most promising energy conversion device,which can realize efficient mutual conversion of electrical and chemical energy and to solve the problem of large-scale energy storage.However,the development of robust electrodes with high catalytic activity is the main bottleneck for the commercialization of R-PCECs.Here,a novel type of high-entropy perovskite oxide consisting of six equimolar metals in the A-site,Pr_(1/6)La_(1/6)Nd_(1/6)Ba_(1/6)Sr_(1/6)Ca_(1/6)CoO_(3−δ)(PLN-BSCC),is reported as a high-performance bifunctional air electrode for R-PCEC.By harnessing the unique functionalities of multiple ele-ments,high-entropy perovskite oxide can be anticipated to accelerate reaction rates in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes.Especially,an R-PCEC utilizing the PLNBSCC air electrode achieves exceptional electrochemical performances,demonstrating a peak power density of 1.21 W cm^(−2)for the fuel cell,while simultaneously obtaining an astonishing current density of−1.95 A cm^(−2)at an electrolysis voltage of 1.3 V and a temperature of 600℃.The significantly enhanced electrochemical performance and durability of the PLNBSCC air electrode is attributed mainly to the high electrons/ions conductivity,fast hydration reactivity and high configurational entropy.This research explores to a new avenue to develop optimally active and stable air electrodes for R-PCECs.

空腔材料的化学创制、功能调控及应用

空腔材料包括中空、多孔、管状等材料.由于具有空腔结构、高孔隙率、结构化表面等多尺度纳米结构和组成,空腔材料可实现物质的高效负载和传递,被广泛用于能量转换与存储、催化、吸附、分离、生物医药等领域.随着合成方法的进步,具有多壳层、多腔体等独特复杂结构的空腔材料展示出更为丰富的功能和更加广阔的应用前景.实现功能导向空腔材料的设计、合成与过程的精准控制是突破现有材料的性能极限和功能制约的关键.

TiO_(2)@V_(2)O_(5)空心纳米球催化剂增强MgH_(2)体系储氢性能

氢化镁(MgH_(2))是一种具有高储氢容量(7.6 wt%)的固态储氢材料,但其热力学稳定性高,动力学缓慢,限制了广泛应用.双金属氧化物催化剂对MgH_(2)储氢性能的积极影响已被许多研究者认可.本文采用简便的方法合成了具有纳米空心球结构的TiO_(2)@V_(2)O_(5)双金属氧化物催化剂.添加12 wt%TiO_(2)@V_(2)O_(5)后,MgH_(2)的起始解吸温度显著降低至204℃.在100℃条件下,MgH_(2)在15 min内吸附4.21 wt%的H_(2),在300℃条件下释放6.18 wt%的H_(2),MgH_(2)的活化能从142.78 kJ/mol降低到86.47 kJ/mol.差示扫描量热分析(differential scanning calorimeter,DSC)结果表明,MgH_(2)的氢解吸活化能从197 kJ/mol降低到76.32 kJ/mol.在300℃下循环30次后,储氢量可保持98.49%.研究表明,钛价态的可逆变化和还原金属V的催化作用改善了MgH_(2)动力学及稳定性.

Slightly ruthenium doping enables better alloy nanoparticle exsolution of perovskite anode for high-performance direct-ammonia solid oxide fuel cells

Fuel flexibility is one of the most distinguished advantages of solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)over other low-temperature fuel cells.Furthermore,the combination of ammonia fuel and SOFCs technology should be a promising clean energy system after considering the high energy density,easy transportation/storage,matured synthesis technology and carbon-free nature of NH_(3) as well as high efficiency of SOFCs.However,the large-scale applications of direct-ammonia SOFCs(DASOFCs)are strongly limited by the inferior anti-sintering capability and catalytic activity for ammonia decomposition reaction of conventional nickel-based cermet anode.Herein,a slightly ruthenium(Ru)doping in perovskite oxides is proposed to promote the alloy nanoparticle exsolution,enabling better DA-SOFCs with enhanced power outputs and operational stability.After treating Ru-doped Pr_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.75)Ru_(0.05)O_(3-δ) single-phase perovskite in a reducing atmosphere,in addition to the formation of two layered Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites and Pr_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles(the same as the Ru-free counterpart,Pr_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-δ)),the exsolution of CoFeRu-based alloy nanoparticles is remarkably promoted.Such reduced Pr_(0.6)Sr0.4Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.75)Ru_(0.05)O_(3-δ) composite anode shows superior catalytic activity and stability for NH_(3) decomposition reaction as well as anti-sintering capability in DA-SOFCs to those of reduced Pr0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O_(3-δ)due to the facilitated nanoparticle exsolution and stronger nanoparticle/substrate interaction.This work provides a facile and effective strategy to design highly active and durable anodes for DA-SOFCs,promoting large-scale applications of this technology.

Intelligent data attacks against power systems using incomplete network information: a review

With the integration of information technologies, power system operations are increasingly threatened by cyber-attacks. It has even been revealed that an attacker can inject false data into real-time measurements stealthily without knowing the full configuration(e.g., network topology) of a power system. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review on false data injection attacks which utilize barrier conditions, blind identification techniques and data driven approaches to overcome limitations of incomplete network information. We also point out future research topics for facilitating the detection and prevention of such false data attacks.

Assessment of wheat chlorophyll content by the multiple linear regression of leaf image features

The measurement of crop nutrition is considerably significant in agricultural practices,especially in the application of mechanized variable rate fertilization.Feature extraction and model building are two important links in crop nutrition measurement by digital image.In this paper,a feature set of fusion multi-colour space in field prototype is extracted and an evaluation approach using stepwise-based ridge regression(SBRR)that uses correlation-based evaluation method is employed.First the image features of three known colour spaces are extracted,meanwhile a new colour space named rgb is constructed according to the characteristics that RGB colour space easily affected by light.Then the SBRR with nested cross validation is used to find the best evaluation model.By performance evaluation,the optimal SBRR model is obtained(R^(2)=0.718 RMSE=5.111).Additionally,compared with two other nutritional evaluation approach named backpropagation artificial neural network(BP-ANN)and k-nearest neighbors(KNN),SBRR achieves better performance in both R^(2) and RMSE.Furthermore the proposed model’s reliability is verified using the image dataset taken from the same wheat field in the next year.The R^(2) and RMSE values are 0.794 and 4.304,respectively.The comparisons and verification show that our proposed SBRR approach can achieve better experimental results and can be considered a reliable and low-cost alternative for estimating the chlorophyll content of wheat leaves in field.