This paper presents an overview of resins used in coatings,categorizing them into commonly used cross-linking agents such as methyl etherified melamine formaldehyde resin,and matrix resins including acrylic resin,poly...This paper presents an overview of resins used in coatings,categorizing them into commonly used cross-linking agents such as methyl etherified melamine formaldehyde resin,and matrix resins including acrylic resin,polyurethane,epoxy resin,and alkyd resin.It further examines the demand and market size trends of these matrix resins in China over the recent seven years(2016-2022).The analysis reveals that in terms of both demand and market size,polyurethane resin ranks highest,followed by alkyd resin,acrylic resin,and epoxy resin.Additionally,the paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the development status,advantages,and macro-environment of the waterborne coatings industry.The competitive landscape within the industry is also discussed.The application of water-based coatings has shown significant potential to reduce the emission of pollutants such as volatile organic compounds(VOCs).Moreover,water-based coatings exhibit excellent performance characteristics.Market data from 2011 to the present indicates a consistent growth trend in the market size of waterborne coatings.However,intense competition among coating enterprises has led to a high level of product homogenization.In response to increasingly stringent national environmental protection policies,companies are accelerating the development and adoption of water-based coatings and other environmentally friendly products.This strategic shift towards waterborne coatings is expected to drive significant advancements and growth in the industry.展开更多
Fusarium head blight(FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat globally. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between F. graminearum and wheat remain unclear. Her...Fusarium head blight(FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat globally. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between F. graminearum and wheat remain unclear. Here, we identified a secreted effector protein, FgEC1, that is induced during wheat infection and is required for F. graminearum virulence. FgEC1 suppressed flg22-and chitin-induced callose deposition and reactive oxygen species(ROS) burst in Nicotiana benthamiana. FgEC1 directly interacts with TaGF14b, which is upregulated in wheat heads during F. graminearum infection. Overexpression of TaGF14b increases FHB resistance in wheat without compromising yield. TaGF14b interacts with NADPH oxidase respiratory burst oxidase homolog D(TaRBOHD) and protects it against degradation by the 26S proteasome. FgEC1 inhibited the interaction of TaGF14b with TaRBOHD and promoted TaRBOHD degradation, thereby reducing TaRBOHD-mediated ROS production.Our findings reveal a novel pathogenic mechanism in which a fungal pathogen acts via an effector to reduce TaRBOHD-mediated ROS production.展开更多
In eukaryotes,histone acetylation is a major modification on histone N-terminal tails that is tightly connected to transcriptional activation.HDA6 is a histone deacetylase involved in the transcriptional regulation of...In eukaryotes,histone acetylation is a major modification on histone N-terminal tails that is tightly connected to transcriptional activation.HDA6 is a histone deacetylase involved in the transcriptional regulation of genes and transposable elements(TEs)in Arabidopsis thaliana.HDA6 has been shown to participate in several complexes in plants,including a conserved SIN3 complex.Here,we uncover a novel protein complex containing HDA6,several Harbinger transposon-derived proteins(HHP1,SANT1,SANT2,SANT3,and SANT4),and MBD domain-containing proteins(MBD1,MBD2,and MBD4).We show that mutations of all four SANT genes in the sant-null mutant cause increased expression of the flowering repressors FLC,MAF4,and MAF5,resulting in a late flowering phenotype.Transcriptome deep sequencing reveals that while the SANT proteins and HDA6 regulate the expression of largely overlapping sets of genes,TE silencing is unaffected in sant-null mutants.Our global histone H3 acetylation profiling shows that SANT proteins and HDA6 modulate gene expression through deacetylation.Collectively,our findings suggest that Harbinger transposon-derived SANT domain-containing proteins are required for histone deacetylation and flowering time control in plants.展开更多
文摘This paper presents an overview of resins used in coatings,categorizing them into commonly used cross-linking agents such as methyl etherified melamine formaldehyde resin,and matrix resins including acrylic resin,polyurethane,epoxy resin,and alkyd resin.It further examines the demand and market size trends of these matrix resins in China over the recent seven years(2016-2022).The analysis reveals that in terms of both demand and market size,polyurethane resin ranks highest,followed by alkyd resin,acrylic resin,and epoxy resin.Additionally,the paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the development status,advantages,and macro-environment of the waterborne coatings industry.The competitive landscape within the industry is also discussed.The application of water-based coatings has shown significant potential to reduce the emission of pollutants such as volatile organic compounds(VOCs).Moreover,water-based coatings exhibit excellent performance characteristics.Market data from 2011 to the present indicates a consistent growth trend in the market size of waterborne coatings.However,intense competition among coating enterprises has led to a high level of product homogenization.In response to increasingly stringent national environmental protection policies,companies are accelerating the development and adoption of water-based coatings and other environmentally friendly products.This strategic shift towards waterborne coatings is expected to drive significant advancements and growth in the industry.
基金supported by grants from the Elite Young Scientists Program of the CAAS (110243160001008)the Program for Guangdong “Zhu Jiang” Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams (2019ZT08N628)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (AGIS-ZDKY202002)。
文摘Fusarium head blight(FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat globally. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between F. graminearum and wheat remain unclear. Here, we identified a secreted effector protein, FgEC1, that is induced during wheat infection and is required for F. graminearum virulence. FgEC1 suppressed flg22-and chitin-induced callose deposition and reactive oxygen species(ROS) burst in Nicotiana benthamiana. FgEC1 directly interacts with TaGF14b, which is upregulated in wheat heads during F. graminearum infection. Overexpression of TaGF14b increases FHB resistance in wheat without compromising yield. TaGF14b interacts with NADPH oxidase respiratory burst oxidase homolog D(TaRBOHD) and protects it against degradation by the 26S proteasome. FgEC1 inhibited the interaction of TaGF14b with TaRBOHD and promoted TaRBOHD degradation, thereby reducing TaRBOHD-mediated ROS production.Our findings reveal a novel pathogenic mechanism in which a fungal pathogen acts via an effector to reduce TaRBOHD-mediated ROS production.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFE0202300)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,the BBSRC under the Grant Reference BB/P008569/1 to J.G.C.N.V.and E.dL.,and an Erasmus plus training award to L.G.
文摘In eukaryotes,histone acetylation is a major modification on histone N-terminal tails that is tightly connected to transcriptional activation.HDA6 is a histone deacetylase involved in the transcriptional regulation of genes and transposable elements(TEs)in Arabidopsis thaliana.HDA6 has been shown to participate in several complexes in plants,including a conserved SIN3 complex.Here,we uncover a novel protein complex containing HDA6,several Harbinger transposon-derived proteins(HHP1,SANT1,SANT2,SANT3,and SANT4),and MBD domain-containing proteins(MBD1,MBD2,and MBD4).We show that mutations of all four SANT genes in the sant-null mutant cause increased expression of the flowering repressors FLC,MAF4,and MAF5,resulting in a late flowering phenotype.Transcriptome deep sequencing reveals that while the SANT proteins and HDA6 regulate the expression of largely overlapping sets of genes,TE silencing is unaffected in sant-null mutants.Our global histone H3 acetylation profiling shows that SANT proteins and HDA6 modulate gene expression through deacetylation.Collectively,our findings suggest that Harbinger transposon-derived SANT domain-containing proteins are required for histone deacetylation and flowering time control in plants.
