Waste plastics and rubber have always posed a threat to the environment and a great challenge for disposal.The use of these two waste materials as modifiers for road asphalt provides new road asphalt binders and at th...Waste plastics and rubber have always posed a threat to the environment and a great challenge for disposal.The use of these two waste materials as modifiers for road asphalt provides new road asphalt binders and at the same time provides a new way for waste material resource treatment.Rubber-modified asphalt and plastic-modified asphalt have received widespread attention due to their green and low-carbon characteristics and some performance advantages,but there are still some performance shortcomings that hinder their promotion and application.In order to continue to explore the application of waste materials in the field of road engineering,combined with the performance advantages of both,many scholars began to study the rubber-plastic composite modified asphalt(RPCMA).Therefore,this paper reviewed the different types of waste rubber and plastic,the comprehensive performance of different types of asphalt and its mixture performance,analyzed the modification mechanism of rubber-plastic composite modified asphalt and its performance changes.The results show that rubber-plastic composite modified asphalt is mostly prepared by directly adding modified materials.However,the pretreatment or melt granulation of rubber and plastic will make the performance of rubber-plastic modified asphalt has improved.There is a mutual promotion mechanism between rubber and plastic in asphalt,which makes the performance of rubber-plastic modified asphalt better than that of asphalt obtained by a single modification method(rubber modified asphalt or plastic modified asphalt).In some properties,it can be close to the commercial SBS modified asphalt.The performance of rubber and plastic composite modified asphalt at high temperature has been generally recognized by researchers,but its low-temperature performance is still controversial.Therefore,it is recommended to apply in high-temperature areas.Future work should focus on the development of composite modifiers with stable performance,low cost and ease of use,standardization of modification processes,improvement of low-temperature performance,and monitoring of road performance and environmental impact.展开更多
近年来,有机太阳能电池(organic solar cells,OSCs)因其轻质、柔性、颜色可变、带隙可调,以及适用于低成本卷对卷制造工艺等优势而备受关注.在OSCs的应用中,ZnO具有高载流子迁移率、与活性层能级匹配、易于制备等优点,是最关键的电子传...近年来,有机太阳能电池(organic solar cells,OSCs)因其轻质、柔性、颜色可变、带隙可调,以及适用于低成本卷对卷制造工艺等优势而备受关注.在OSCs的应用中,ZnO具有高载流子迁移率、与活性层能级匹配、易于制备等优点,是最关键的电子传输界面材料之一.但是,ZnO纳米颗粒(nanoparticles,NPs)构成的电子传输层(electron transport layer,ETL)容易存在大量缺陷,其电子传输性能也有待进一步提升.因此,本文合成了传输性能优异的ZnO纳米棒(nanorods,NRs),将其与ZnO NPs混合制备复合薄膜,用于OSCs中的电子传输界面.通过调节与优化二者混合比例,当ZnO NRs在复合薄膜中的质量分数为50%时,器件在一个标准太阳光下的能量转换效率达到了14.50%,明显高于仅使用ZnO NPs作为ETL的器件(13.69%).这主要归功于ZnO NRs的加入,使得活性层上的电子传输界面具有更优异的电荷传输与收集性能.同时,传输层界面粗糙度的适当增加还提升了器件的光捕获能力.该研究为ZnO在高性能OSCs中的应用提供了新的思路和依据.展开更多
基金sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52308466,No.42271144,No.42071100)Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province(2022SF-328,2022GY-427)+1 种基金the SASAC Science and Technology Innovation Project(JF-23-01-0063)Shaanxi Provincial Transportation Research Project(24-19K,24-20K).
文摘Waste plastics and rubber have always posed a threat to the environment and a great challenge for disposal.The use of these two waste materials as modifiers for road asphalt provides new road asphalt binders and at the same time provides a new way for waste material resource treatment.Rubber-modified asphalt and plastic-modified asphalt have received widespread attention due to their green and low-carbon characteristics and some performance advantages,but there are still some performance shortcomings that hinder their promotion and application.In order to continue to explore the application of waste materials in the field of road engineering,combined with the performance advantages of both,many scholars began to study the rubber-plastic composite modified asphalt(RPCMA).Therefore,this paper reviewed the different types of waste rubber and plastic,the comprehensive performance of different types of asphalt and its mixture performance,analyzed the modification mechanism of rubber-plastic composite modified asphalt and its performance changes.The results show that rubber-plastic composite modified asphalt is mostly prepared by directly adding modified materials.However,the pretreatment or melt granulation of rubber and plastic will make the performance of rubber-plastic modified asphalt has improved.There is a mutual promotion mechanism between rubber and plastic in asphalt,which makes the performance of rubber-plastic modified asphalt better than that of asphalt obtained by a single modification method(rubber modified asphalt or plastic modified asphalt).In some properties,it can be close to the commercial SBS modified asphalt.The performance of rubber and plastic composite modified asphalt at high temperature has been generally recognized by researchers,but its low-temperature performance is still controversial.Therefore,it is recommended to apply in high-temperature areas.Future work should focus on the development of composite modifiers with stable performance,low cost and ease of use,standardization of modification processes,improvement of low-temperature performance,and monitoring of road performance and environmental impact.
文摘近年来,有机太阳能电池(organic solar cells,OSCs)因其轻质、柔性、颜色可变、带隙可调,以及适用于低成本卷对卷制造工艺等优势而备受关注.在OSCs的应用中,ZnO具有高载流子迁移率、与活性层能级匹配、易于制备等优点,是最关键的电子传输界面材料之一.但是,ZnO纳米颗粒(nanoparticles,NPs)构成的电子传输层(electron transport layer,ETL)容易存在大量缺陷,其电子传输性能也有待进一步提升.因此,本文合成了传输性能优异的ZnO纳米棒(nanorods,NRs),将其与ZnO NPs混合制备复合薄膜,用于OSCs中的电子传输界面.通过调节与优化二者混合比例,当ZnO NRs在复合薄膜中的质量分数为50%时,器件在一个标准太阳光下的能量转换效率达到了14.50%,明显高于仅使用ZnO NPs作为ETL的器件(13.69%).这主要归功于ZnO NRs的加入,使得活性层上的电子传输界面具有更优异的电荷传输与收集性能.同时,传输层界面粗糙度的适当增加还提升了器件的光捕获能力.该研究为ZnO在高性能OSCs中的应用提供了新的思路和依据.
