A new species of the genus Achalinus is described based on five specimens collected from the villages of Huangjialing and Fuxi, Huangshan, Anhui, China. It can be morphologically differentia ted from all the other spe...A new species of the genus Achalinus is described based on five specimens collected from the villages of Huangjialing and Fuxi, Huangshan, Anhui, China. It can be morphologically differentia ted from all the other species in Achalinus except for A. spinalis and A. werneri by the presence of a dotted black streak in the middle of the subcaudal. It can be distinguished from A. spinalis in that its two anterior temporals are in contact with eye, and A. werneri by its light brown flanks. The phylogenetic rela tionship of Achalinus was reconstructed using the mitochondrial locus of cytochrome coxidase subunit 1(CO1). The five new specimens form a monophyletic clade with strong support. The uncorrected p-dista nces between the new species and other representatives of Achalinus range from 13.6% to 21.7%. The recognition of the new species increases the number of described Achalinus species to 14.展开更多
The subwavelength confinement feature of localized surface plasmon resonance（LSPR） allows plasmonic nanostructures to be functionalized as powerful platforms for detecting various molecular analytes as well as weak ...The subwavelength confinement feature of localized surface plasmon resonance（LSPR） allows plasmonic nanostructures to be functionalized as powerful platforms for detecting various molecular analytes as well as weak processes with nanoscale spatial resolution. One of the main goals of this field of research is to lower the absolute limit-of-detection（LOD）of LSPR-based sensors. This involves the improvement of（i） the figure-of-merit associated with structural parameters such as the size, shape and interparticle arrangement and,（ii） the spectral resolution. The latter involves advanced target identification and noise reduction techniques. By highlighting the strategies for improving the LOD, this review introduces the fundamental principles and recent progress of LSPR sensing based on different schemes including 1） refractometric sensing realized by observing target-induced refractive index changes, 2） plasmon rulers based on target-induced relative displacement of coupled plasmonic structures, 3） other relevant LSPR-based sensing schemes including chiral plasmonics,nanoparticle growth, and optomechanics. The ultimate LOD and the future trends of these LSPR-based sensing are also discussed.展开更多
The absorption of light by metallic nanostructures significantly increases at surface plasmon resonances,attributed to the coherent oscillation of large amounts of free electrons in the metal.The dephasing of surface ...The absorption of light by metallic nanostructures significantly increases at surface plasmon resonances,attributed to the coherent oscillation of large amounts of free electrons in the metal.The dephasing of surface plasmon oscillation releases energy through radiative processes(via photon emission)or nonradiative processes(via ohmic heating).The nonradiative dissipation generates energetic electrons or holes and then goes through thermal relaxation via lattice vibration(phonons)[1,2].展开更多
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion leads to white matter injury(WMI),which subsequently causes neurodegeneration and even cognitive impairment.However,due to the lack of treatment specifically for WMI,novel recognized and...Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion leads to white matter injury(WMI),which subsequently causes neurodegeneration and even cognitive impairment.However,due to the lack of treatment specifically for WMI,novel recognized and effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed.In this study,we found that honokiol and magnolol,two compounds derived from Magnolia officinalis,significantly facilitated the differentiation of primary oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs)into mature oligodendrocytes,with a more prominent effect of the former compound.Moreover,our results demonstrated that honokiol treatment improved myelin injury,induced mature oligodendrocyte protein expression,attenuated cognitive decline,promoted oligodendrocyte regeneration,and inhibited astrocytic activation in the bilateral carotid artery stenosis model.Mechanistically,honokiol increased the phosphorylation of serine/threonine kinase(Akt)and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)by activating cannabinoid receptor 1 during OPC differentiation.Collectively,our study indicates that honokiol might serve as a potential treatment for WMI in chronic cerebral ischemia.展开更多
To the Editor:Breast cancer(BC)is the most common malignancy in women.Statistics show that 1.2 million women worldwide have BC each year,and 500,000 women die from BC.It is the leading cause of death in women.[1]Accor...To the Editor:Breast cancer(BC)is the most common malignancy in women.Statistics show that 1.2 million women worldwide have BC each year,and 500,000 women die from BC.It is the leading cause of death in women.[1]According to the different expressions of estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR),and epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2),three receptor markers,BC is divided into four subtypes in clinical diagnosis.[2]MicroRNAs(miRNAs)have a wide range of regulatory effects and can regulate a variety of normal or pathogenic cell processes.展开更多
Background:As the efficacy of programmed cell death-1/programmed death-ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1)inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in curing breast cancer is still controversial,this meta-analysis compares the efficacy ...Background:As the efficacy of programmed cell death-1/programmed death-ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1)inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in curing breast cancer is still controversial,this meta-analysis compares the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone in the treatment of breast cancer,which provides guidance for the clinical treatment.Methods:Relevant studies published as of April 2022 in the various databases including EMBASE,PubMed,and Cochrane Library were selected.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)in which control patients underwent chemotherapy alone and experimental group patients underwent combination chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment were included in this investigation.Investigations without complete information,researches from which information could not be extracted,duplicate articles,animal studies,review articles,and systematic reviews were excluded.STATA 15.1 was employed for all statistical analyses.Results:In total,eight eligible studies were identified,revealing that combination chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment was linked to significant increases in progression-free survival(PFS)relative to chemotherapy alone(hazard ratio[HR]=0.83,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.70–0.99,P=0.032)but not overall survival(HR=0.92,95%CI:0.80–1.06,P=0.273).Pooled adverse event rates were also increased within the group of combination treatment relative to the chemotherapy group(risk ratio[RR]=1.08,95%CI:1.03–1.14,P=0.002).Specifically,nausea rates were lesser within the group of combination treatment relative to the group of chemotherapy(RR=0.48,95%CI:0.25–0.92,P=0.026).Subgroup analyses indicated that the PFS of patients who underwent combination atezolizumab or pembrolizumab and chemotherapy treatment were substantially longer than those of patients who underwent chemotherapy alone(HR=0.79,95%CI:0.69–0.89,P≤0.001;HR=0.79,95%CI:0.67–0.92,P=0.002).Conclusions:The pooled results suggest that combination chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment approaches help prolong PFS in breast cancer patients,but have no statistically significant effect on overall survival(OS).Additionally,combination therapy can significantly improve complete response rate(CRR)compared with chemotherapy alone.However,combination therapy was associated with greater rates of adverse events.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenide(TMD)has emerged as an effective optoelectronics material due to its novel optical properties.Understanding the role of defects in exciton kinetics is crucial for achi...Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenide(TMD)has emerged as an effective optoelectronics material due to its novel optical properties.Understanding the role of defects in exciton kinetics is crucial for achieving high-efficiency TMD devices.Here,we observe defects induced anomalous power dependence exciton dynamics and spatial distribution in hexagonal heterogeneous WS_(2).With transient absorption microscopy study,we illustrate that these phenomena originate from the competition between radiative and defect-related non-radiative decays.To understand the physics behind this,a decay model is introduced with two defect-related channels,which demonstrates that more excitons decay through non-radiative channels in the dark region than the bright region.Our work reveals the mechanisms of anomalous exciton kinetics by defects and is instrumental for understanding and exploiting excitonic states in emerging 2D semiconductors.展开更多
基金supported by Postdoctoral Research Program of Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Anhui Province (2020B422)Doctoral Research Starting Foundation of Anhui Normal University (752017)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 31471968)。
文摘A new species of the genus Achalinus is described based on five specimens collected from the villages of Huangjialing and Fuxi, Huangshan, Anhui, China. It can be morphologically differentia ted from all the other species in Achalinus except for A. spinalis and A. werneri by the presence of a dotted black streak in the middle of the subcaudal. It can be distinguished from A. spinalis in that its two anterior temporals are in contact with eye, and A. werneri by its light brown flanks. The phylogenetic rela tionship of Achalinus was reconstructed using the mitochondrial locus of cytochrome coxidase subunit 1(CO1). The five new specimens form a monophyletic clade with strong support. The uncorrected p-dista nces between the new species and other representatives of Achalinus range from 13.6% to 21.7%. The recognition of the new species increases the number of described Achalinus species to 14.
基金Project supported by the National Key Basic Research Program(Grant No.2015CB932400)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFA0205800 and 2017YFA0303504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11674255 and 11674256)
文摘The subwavelength confinement feature of localized surface plasmon resonance（LSPR） allows plasmonic nanostructures to be functionalized as powerful platforms for detecting various molecular analytes as well as weak processes with nanoscale spatial resolution. One of the main goals of this field of research is to lower the absolute limit-of-detection（LOD）of LSPR-based sensors. This involves the improvement of（i） the figure-of-merit associated with structural parameters such as the size, shape and interparticle arrangement and,（ii） the spectral resolution. The latter involves advanced target identification and noise reduction techniques. By highlighting the strategies for improving the LOD, this review introduces the fundamental principles and recent progress of LSPR sensing based on different schemes including 1） refractometric sensing realized by observing target-induced refractive index changes, 2） plasmon rulers based on target-induced relative displacement of coupled plasmonic structures, 3） other relevant LSPR-based sensing schemes including chiral plasmonics,nanoparticle growth, and optomechanics. The ultimate LOD and the future trends of these LSPR-based sensing are also discussed.
文摘The absorption of light by metallic nanostructures significantly increases at surface plasmon resonances,attributed to the coherent oscillation of large amounts of free electrons in the metal.The dephasing of surface plasmon oscillation releases energy through radiative processes(via photon emission)or nonradiative processes(via ohmic heating).The nonradiative dissipation generates energetic electrons or holes and then goes through thermal relaxation via lattice vibration(phonons)[1,2].
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81920108017 and 82130036)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province of China(BE2020620)the Jiangsu Province Key Medical Discipline(ZDXKA2016020).
文摘Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion leads to white matter injury(WMI),which subsequently causes neurodegeneration and even cognitive impairment.However,due to the lack of treatment specifically for WMI,novel recognized and effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed.In this study,we found that honokiol and magnolol,two compounds derived from Magnolia officinalis,significantly facilitated the differentiation of primary oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs)into mature oligodendrocytes,with a more prominent effect of the former compound.Moreover,our results demonstrated that honokiol treatment improved myelin injury,induced mature oligodendrocyte protein expression,attenuated cognitive decline,promoted oligodendrocyte regeneration,and inhibited astrocytic activation in the bilateral carotid artery stenosis model.Mechanistically,honokiol increased the phosphorylation of serine/threonine kinase(Akt)and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)by activating cannabinoid receptor 1 during OPC differentiation.Collectively,our study indicates that honokiol might serve as a potential treatment for WMI in chronic cerebral ischemia.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82102814)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under grants(No.LQ22H160053)+1 种基金Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Scientific Research Foundation for The Excellent Youth(No.ZRY2020B007)Suzhou Youth Science and Technology Program(No.KJXW2021067)
文摘To the Editor:Breast cancer(BC)is the most common malignancy in women.Statistics show that 1.2 million women worldwide have BC each year,and 500,000 women die from BC.It is the leading cause of death in women.[1]According to the different expressions of estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR),and epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2),three receptor markers,BC is divided into four subtypes in clinical diagnosis.[2]MicroRNAs(miRNAs)have a wide range of regulatory effects and can regulate a variety of normal or pathogenic cell processes.
基金supported by a grant from the Suzhou Youth Science and Technology Program(No.KJXW2021067).
文摘Background:As the efficacy of programmed cell death-1/programmed death-ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1)inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in curing breast cancer is still controversial,this meta-analysis compares the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone in the treatment of breast cancer,which provides guidance for the clinical treatment.Methods:Relevant studies published as of April 2022 in the various databases including EMBASE,PubMed,and Cochrane Library were selected.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)in which control patients underwent chemotherapy alone and experimental group patients underwent combination chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment were included in this investigation.Investigations without complete information,researches from which information could not be extracted,duplicate articles,animal studies,review articles,and systematic reviews were excluded.STATA 15.1 was employed for all statistical analyses.Results:In total,eight eligible studies were identified,revealing that combination chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment was linked to significant increases in progression-free survival(PFS)relative to chemotherapy alone(hazard ratio[HR]=0.83,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.70–0.99,P=0.032)but not overall survival(HR=0.92,95%CI:0.80–1.06,P=0.273).Pooled adverse event rates were also increased within the group of combination treatment relative to the chemotherapy group(risk ratio[RR]=1.08,95%CI:1.03–1.14,P=0.002).Specifically,nausea rates were lesser within the group of combination treatment relative to the group of chemotherapy(RR=0.48,95%CI:0.25–0.92,P=0.026).Subgroup analyses indicated that the PFS of patients who underwent combination atezolizumab or pembrolizumab and chemotherapy treatment were substantially longer than those of patients who underwent chemotherapy alone(HR=0.79,95%CI:0.69–0.89,P≤0.001;HR=0.79,95%CI:0.67–0.92,P=0.002).Conclusions:The pooled results suggest that combination chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment approaches help prolong PFS in breast cancer patients,but have no statistically significant effect on overall survival(OS).Additionally,combination therapy can significantly improve complete response rate(CRR)compared with chemotherapy alone.However,combination therapy was associated with greater rates of adverse events.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2019YFE0120300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11904266)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2042021kf0202)the Open Project Program of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(No.2020WNLOKF014).
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenide(TMD)has emerged as an effective optoelectronics material due to its novel optical properties.Understanding the role of defects in exciton kinetics is crucial for achieving high-efficiency TMD devices.Here,we observe defects induced anomalous power dependence exciton dynamics and spatial distribution in hexagonal heterogeneous WS_(2).With transient absorption microscopy study,we illustrate that these phenomena originate from the competition between radiative and defect-related non-radiative decays.To understand the physics behind this,a decay model is introduced with two defect-related channels,which demonstrates that more excitons decay through non-radiative channels in the dark region than the bright region.Our work reveals the mechanisms of anomalous exciton kinetics by defects and is instrumental for understanding and exploiting excitonic states in emerging 2D semiconductors.
