Experimental Study on Electrostatically Actuated Micro-Gripper Based on Silica Process

The characteristics of a kind of comb-drive electrostatic actuated micro-gripper are tested. The test platform using a microscope-CCD-computer, the state information of the micro-gripper obtained by data acquisition and image processing, voltage-displacement characteristic curve is obtained and the mathematical equation is established. The analysis of the characteristic equation has shown the consistency and rationality of the theoretical design and the experimental results. The main factors that cause the difference between the theoretical design and the actual test performance are analyzed, and the design method and experimental results is obtained for the micro-gripper in the field of micro-assembly.

Characterization and Expression of Ammonium Transporter in Peach (Prunus persica) and Regulation Analysis in Response to External Ammonium Supply

As the preferred nitrogen(N)source,ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))contributes to plant growth and development and fruit quality.In plants,NH 4+uptake is facilitated by a family of NH_(4)^(+) transporters(AMT).However,the molecular mechanisms and functional characteristics of the AMT genes in peach have not been mentioned yet.In this present study,excess NH_(4)^(+) stress severely hindered shoot growth and root elongation,accompanied with reduced mineral accumulation,decreased leaf chlorophyll concentration,and stunned photosynthetic performance.In addition,we identified 14 putative AMT genes in peach(PpeAMT).Expression analysis showed that PpeAMT genes were differently expressed in peach leaves,stems and roots,and were distinctly regulated by external NH_(4)^(+) supplies.Putative cis-elements involved in abiotic stress adaption,Ca^(2+) response,light and circadian rhythms regulation,and seed development were observed in the promoters of the PpeAMT family genes.Phosphorylation analysis of residues within the C-terminal of PpeAMT proteins revealed many conserved phosphorylation residues in both the AMT1 and AMT2 subfamily members,which could potentially play roles in controlling the NH 4+transport activities.This study provides gene resources to study the biological function of AMT proteins in peach,and reveals molecular basis for NH_(4)^(+) uptake and N nutrition mechanisms of fruit trees.

A Novel Blood Coagulation Measuring Method Based on the Viscoelasticity of Non-Newtonian Fluid

There are complex and perfect coagulation, anticoagulation and fibrinolysis systems in the human body and their fine regulatory mechanisms. Once the coagulation system and its regulatory mechanisms are destroyed, bleeding or thrombosis will occur very soon. In the blood coagulation, the blood viscoelasticity changes. Therefore, the thrombus elasticity measurement technology can be used to continuously monitor the changing blood viscoelasticity in order to study the process of coagulation. The results of the interaction among the various components of the blood can be obtained from coagulation to fibrinolysis by bedside detection. The traditional electromagnetic induction sensors, based on conventional coil inductance, are manufactured complexly, high cost and non-linear. Therefore, this paper proposes a non-Newtonian fluid viscoelasticity measurement method based on the piezoelectric effect. We use the piezoelectric bimorphs with the diameter of 21 mm and the total thickness of 0.38 mm and DSM coupling probes with the length of 3 mm, 5 mm and 7 mm to design the piezoelectric bimorphs driver. The viscoelasticity of different non-Newtonian fluids is tested. The vibration amplitudes of the piezoelectric bimorphs and liquid surfaces range from 0.43 μm to 3.52 μm. Consequently, the feasibility of in vitro detection of thrombus is confirmed in principle and the above scheme is validated theoretically and experimentally, which provides the basis for the measurement of blood viscoelasticity, the in vitro detection of thrombus and the manufacture of blood coagulation instrument.

MoLrp1-mediated signaling induces nuclear accumulation of MoMsn2 to facilitate fatty acid oxidation for infectious growth of the rice blast fungus

Fatty acid b-oxidation is critical for fatty acid degradation and cellular development.In the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae,fatty acid b-oxidation is reported to be important mainly for turgor generation in the appressorium.However,the role of fatty acid b-oxidation during invasive hyphal growth is rarely documented.We demonstrated that blocking peroxisomal fatty acid b-oxidation impaired lipid droplet(LD)degradation and infectious growth of M.oryzae.We found that the key regulator of pathogenesis,MoMsn2,which we identified previously,is involved in fatty acid b-oxidation by targeting MoDCI1(encoding dienoyl-coenzyme A[CoA]isomerase),which is also important for LD degradation and infectious growth.Cytological observations revealed that MoMsn2 accumulated from the cytosol to the nucleus during early infection or upon treatment with oleate.We determined that the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein MoLrp1,which is also involved in fatty acid b-oxidation and infectious growth,plays a critical role in the accumulation of MoMsn2 from the cytosol to the nucleus by activating the cyclic AMP signaling pathway.Our results provide new insights into the importance of fatty acid oxidation during invasive hyphal growth,which is modulated by MoMsn2 and its related signaling pathways in M.oryzae.