Mapping and identification of QTLs for seed fatty acids in soybean(Glycine max L.)

Soybean is one of the most important sources of vegetable oil.The oil content and fatty acid ratio have attracted significant attention due to their impacts on the shelf-life of soybean oil products and consumer health.In this study,a high-density genetic map derived from Guizao 1 and Brazil 13 was used to analyze the quantitative trait loci of palmitic acid(PA),stearic acid(SA),oleic acid(OA),linoleic acid(LA),linolenic acid(LNA),and oil content(OC).A total of 54 stable QTLs were detected in the genetic map linkage analysis,which shared six bin intervals.Among them,the bin interval on chromosome 13(bin106-bin118 and bin123-bin125)was found to include stable QTLs in multiple environments that were linked to OA,LA,and LNA.Eight differentially expressed genes(DEGs)within these QTL intervals were determined as candidate genes according to the combination of parental resequencing,bioinformatics and RNA sequencing data.All these results are conducive to breeding soybean with the ideal fatty acid ratio for food,and provide the genetic basis for mining genes related to the fatty acid and oil content traits in soybean.

Prediction of velocity distribution in straight open-channel flow with partial vegetation by singular perturbation method

A numerical analysis model based on two-dimensional shallow water differential equations is presented for straight open-channel flow with partial vegetation across the channel. Both the drag force acting on vegetation and the momentum exchange between the vegetation and non-vegetation zones are considered. The depth-averaged streamwise velocity is solved by the singular perturbation method, while the Reynolds stress is calculated based on the results of the streamwise velocity. Comparisons with the experimental data indicate that the accuracy of prediction is significantly improved by introducing a term for the secondary current in the model. A sensitivity analysis shows that a sound choice of the secondary current intensity coefficient is important for an accurate prediction of the depth-averaged streamwise velocity near the vegetation and non-vegetation interfaces, and the drag force coefficient is crucial for predictions in the vegetation zone.

Flow characteristics of rectangular open channels with compound vegetation roughness

An idealized parallel flow caused by a lateral bed roughness difference due to the partial vegetation across a channel is investigated. Similar to the flow in a compound channel, there are mixing layers adjacent to the interface between the vegetation and the non-vegetation lanes, and a lateral momentum exchange occurs between the slow- moving water in the former lane and the fast-moving water in the latter lane. Under a uniform flow condition, the three-dimensional with different discharges and water depths are （3D） instantaneous velocities of two cases measured with a 16 MHz acoustic Doppler velocimeter （micro ADV）. The longitudinal variation of the streamwise velocity and the vertical variation of the Reynolds stress are analyzed. A quadrant analysis is carried out to investigate the outward and inward interaction, ejection, and sweep phenomenon caused by the vegetation variation across the channel. The results show that the flow characteristics in the vegetation lane are similar to those in an open channel fully covered with submerged vegetation, and the flow characteristics in the smooth non-vegetation lane are similar to those in a free open channel. For the cases studied here, the width of the mixing region is about 10~ of the channel width, and the mixing region is mainly on the non-vegetation half.

Rationale, Criteria, and Impact of Identifying Extreme Risk in Patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Assessment of the overall risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD)is the first step in managing dyslipidemia and is an important reference for the target and intensity of treatment.Recently,different guidelines and consensuses on the management of this condition have successively recommended further risk stratification among patients with ASCVD,and a new“extreme risk”category has been proposed to identify patients who may obtain greater benefit from more intensive lipid-lowering therapy.The definition and terminology of extreme risk varies among different guidelines and consensuses;however,they all recommended an aggressive lipid-lowering therapeutic approach and/or a more stringent low-density lipoprotein cholesterol target for patients at extreme risk.Regardless of the definitions,this general approach may have a remarkable effect on the treatment of this condition in clinical practice.To help clinicians and patients to better understand the new strategy for the secondary prevention of ASCVD,this review provides a summary highlighting the necessity of further risk stratification among ASCVD patients,how patients at extreme risk can be identified,and the potential impact of applying the new“extreme risk”category in clinical practice.