Experimental Evidence of Topological Surface States in Mg3Bi2 Films Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Nodal line semimetal(NLS) is a new quantum state hosting one-dimensional closed loops formed by the crossing of two bands. The so-called type-Ⅱ NLS means that these two crossing bands have the same sign in their slopes along the radial direction of the loop, which requires that the crossing bands are either right-tilted or left-tilted at the same time. According to the theoretical prediction, Mg3Bi2 is an ideal candidate for studying the type-Ⅱ NLS by tuning its spin-orbit coupling(SOC). High-quality Mg3 Bi2 films are grown by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE). By in-situ angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES), a pair of surface resonance bands around theГ point are clearly seen. This shows that Mg3Bi2 films grown by MBE are Mg(1)-terminated by comparing the ARPES spectra with the first principles calculations results. Moreover, the temperature dependent weak anti-localization effect in Mg3Bi2 films is observed under magneto-transport measurements, which shows clear two-dimensional(2 D) e-e scattering characteristics by fitting with the Hikami–Larkin–Nagaoka model. Therefore, by combining with ARPES, magneto-transport measurements and the first principles calculations, this work proves that Mg3Bi2 is a semimetal with topological surface states. This paves the way for Mg3Bi2 to be used as an ideal material platform to study the exotic features of type-Ⅱ nodal line semimetals and the topological phase transition by tuning its SOC.

我国太空活动现代化治理中的若干重大问题

太空活动治理现代化是国家治理现代化的战略支撑,是国家参与全球治理的重要手段,更是实现航天强国目标的基本保障.太空活动治理体系分为制度、协调、全球和技术手段等4个方面.太空活动现代化治理就是在制度、协调、全球和技术手段等几个方面,改革不适应新时代发展的体制机制障碍、法律法规及技术短板,实现太空活动治理系统化、制度化、法治化、科学化.

嫦娥四号工程的技术突破与科学进展

嫦娥四号工程首次实现人类探测器在月球背面着陆和巡视探测,在国际月球探测史上树立了新的里程碑.本文简要介绍了国际月球探测态势,回顾了嫦娥四号工程的实施历程,对工程在地–月中继通信、月球背面高精度着陆、空间同位素电源研制等方面所实现的重要技术突破进行了阐述,并总结了在月球背面形貌、矿物组分和环境探测等方面已取得的多项原创性科学研究成果.本文可为后续深化月球和行星领域探测与科学研究提供借鉴.

关于建立我国空间核动力源应用安全机制的建议

由于探测目标与太阳的关系问题,月球与深空探测面临受天体遮挡长期无太阳光照或远距离弱太阳光照,无法满足探测器能源需求的严重问题.空间核动力源(同位素热/电源、反应堆电源/推进系统)由于其自主能源供给,被认为是解决这一问题的最佳途径.

Lazy Scheduling Based Disk Energy Optimization Method

Reducing the energy consumption of the storage systems disk read/write requests plays an important role in improving the overall energy efficiency of high-performance computing systems.We propose a method to reduce disk energy consumption by delaying the dispatch of disk requests to the end of a time window,which we call time window-based lazy scheduling.We prove that sorting requests within a single time window can reduce the disk energy consumption,and we discuss the relationship between the size of the time window and the disk energy consumption,proving that the energy consumption is highly likely to decrease with increasing window size.To exploit this opportunity,we propose the Lazy Scheduling based Disk Energy Optimization(LSDEO)algorithm,which adopts a feedback method to periodically adjust the size of the time window,and minimizes the local disk energy consumption by sorting disk requests within each time window.We implement the LSDEO algorithm in an OS kernel and conduct both simulations and actual measurements on the algorithm,confirming that increasing the time window increases disk energy savings.When the average request arrival rate is 300 and the threshold of average request response time is 50 ms,LSDEO can yield disk energy savings of 21.5%.

地月空间近地小行星观测系统研究

近地小行星撞击是造成人类毁灭性灾难的七大威胁之一,开展小行星防御、保护地球家园是全人类共同的责任.做好小行星防御,首先要建立和完善小行星监测系统.目前,国际小行星监测主要以地基光学系统监测为主,由于光学观测条件限制,导致来自太阳方向的小行星无法及时被“捕获”跟踪,而天基监测系统由于其特定的位置优越性,成为地基观测系统的有益补充.本文系统梳理了地基监测系统存在的问题和不足,分析了月基和地月空间轨道部署望远镜的优劣,提出了基于地月系统L4,L5点轨道部署天基望远镜用于近地小行星观测的方案,并提出了国际合作实施建议,对未来构建近地小行星监测系统具有参考价值.

Ultrafast polarization-dependent all-optical switching of germanium-based metaphotonic devices

Metamaterials play an important role in the modulation of amplitude and group delay in the terahertz(THz)regime on account of their optical properties,which are rare in natural materials.Here an ultrafast anisotropic switch of the plasmon-induced transparency(PIT)effect is experimentally and numerically demonstrated by metamaterial devices composed of two pairs of planar split-ring resonators and a pair of closed-ring resonators.By integration with a germanium(Ge)film,a recovery time of 3 ps and a decay constant of 785 fs are realized in the metadevice.Stimulated by the exterior optical pump,the PIT windows at different frequencies are switched off with an excellent property of slow light for vertical and horizontal THz polarizations,realizing an astonishing modulation depth as high as 99.06%.This work provides a new platform for ultrafast anisotropic metadevices tunable for amplitude and group delay.

Active formatting modulation of electromagnetically induced transparency in metamaterials

We experimentally demonstrate for the first time an active all-optical ultrafast modulation of electromagnetically induced transparency-like effect in a hybrid device of sapphire/Si/metamaterial. From numerical simulations, it can be deducted that the tuning process is attributed to the coupling between the dark mode existing in split-ring resonators and the bright mode existing in cut wire resonators. The transmission amplitude modulation is accompanied by the slow-light effect. In addition, the ultrafast formation process is measured to be as fast as 2 ps. This work should make an important contribution to novel chip-scale photonic devices and terahertz communications.

Analyzing time-dimension communication characterizations for representative scientific applications on supercomputer systems

Exascale computing is one of the major challenges of this decade,and several studies have shown that communications are becoming one of the bottlenecks for scaling parallel applications.The analysis on the characteristics of communications can effectively aid to improve the performance of scientific applications.In this paper,we focus on the statistical regularity in time-dimension communication characteristics for representative scientific applications on supercomputer systems,and then prove that the distribution of communication-event intervals has a power-law decay,which is common in scientific interests and human activities.We verify the distribution of communication-event intervals has really a power-law decay on the Tianhe-2 supercomputer,and also on the other six parallel systems with three different network topologies and two routing policies.In order to do a quantitative study on the power-law distribution,we exploit two groups of statistics:bursty vs.memory and periodicity vs.dispersion.Our results indicate that the communication events show a“strong-bursty and weak-memory”characteristic and the communication event intervals show the periodicity and the dispersion.Finally,our research provides an insight into the relationship between communication optimizations and time-dimension communication characteristics.

Detailed and clock-driven simulation for HPC interconnection network

Performance and energy consumption of high performance computing （HPC） interconnection networks have a great significance in the whole supercomputer, and building up HPC interconnection network simulation plat- form is very important for the research on HPC software and hardware technologies. To effectively evaluate the per- formance and energy consumption of HPC interconnection networks, this article designs and implements a detailed and clock-driven HPC interconnection network simulation plat- form, called HPC-NetSim. HPC-NetSim uses application- driven workloads and inherits the characteristics of the de- tailed and flexible cycle-accurate network simulator. Besides, it offers a large set of configurable network parameters in terms of topology and routing, and supports router＇s on/off states. We compare the simulated execution time with the real execution time of Tianhe-2 subsystem and the mean error is only 2.7%. In addition, we simulate the network behaviors with different network structures and low-power modes. The results are also consistent with the theoretical analyses.

Ultrafast all-optical switching of dual-band plasmon-induced transparency in terahertz metamaterials

An active ultrafast formation and modulation of dual-band plasmon-induced transparency(PIT) effect is theoretically and experimentally studied in a novel metaphotonic device operating in the terahertz regime,for the first time,to the best of our knowledge.Specifically,we designed and fabricated a triatomic metamaterial hybridized with silicon islands following a newly proposed modulating mechanism.In this mechanism,a localized surface plasmon resonance is induced by the broken symmetry of a C_(2)structure,acting as the quasi-dark mode.Excited by exterior laser pumps,the photo-induced carriers in silicon promote the quasi-dark mode,which shields the near-field coupling between the dark mode and bright mode supported by the triatomic metamaterial,leading to the dynamical modulation of terahertz waves from individual-band into dual-band PIT effects,with a decay constant of 493 ps.Moreover,a remarkable slow light effect occurs in the modulating process,accompanied by the dual-transparent windows.The dynamical switching technique of the dual-band PIT effect introduced in this work highlights the potential usefulness of this metaphotonic device in optical information processing and communication,including multi-frequency filtering,tunable sensors,and optical storage.