Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract encompassing two main clinical entities,Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Accumulated evidence indicates that an a...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract encompassing two main clinical entities,Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Accumulated evidence indicates that an aberrant immune activation caused by the interplay of genetic susceptibility and environmental impact on the gut microbiota may be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD.Rapid advances in next-generation sequencing technology have enabled a number of studies to identify the alteration of the gut microbiota,termed dysbiosis,in IBD.Moreover,the alteration in the metabolites derived from the gut microbiota in IBD has also been described in many studies.Therefore,microbiota-based interventions such as fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)have attracted attention as a novel therapeutic option in IBD.However,in clinical trials,the efficacy of FMT for IBD remains controversial.Additional basic and clinical studies are required to validate whether FMT can assume a complementary role in the treatment of IBD.The present review provides a synopsis on dysbiosis in IBD and on the association between the gut microbiota and the pathogenesis of IBD.In addition,we summarize the use of probiotics in IBD and the results of current clinical trials of FMT for IBD.展开更多
The human gut is a complex microbial ecosystem comprising approximately 100 trillion microbes collectively known as the“gut microbiota”.At a rough estimate,the human gut microbiome contains almost 3.3 million genes,...The human gut is a complex microbial ecosystem comprising approximately 100 trillion microbes collectively known as the“gut microbiota”.At a rough estimate,the human gut microbiome contains almost 3.3 million genes,which are about 150 times more than the total human genes present in the human genome.The vast amount of genetic information produces various enzymes and physiologically active substances.Thus,the gut microbiota contributes to the maintenance of host health;however,when healthy microbial composition is perturbed,a condition termed“dysbiosis”,the altered gut microbiota can trigger the development of various gastrointestinal diseases.The gut microbiota has consequently become an extremely important research area in gastroenterology.It is also expected that the results of research into the gut microbiota will be applied to the prevention and treatment of human gastrointestinal diseases.A randomized controlled trial conducted by a Dutch research group in 2013 showed the positive effect of fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)on recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection(CDI).These findings have led to the development of treatments targeting the gut microbiota,such as probiotics and FMT for inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)and other diseases.This review focuses on the association of the gut microbiota with human gastrointestinal diseases,including CDI,IBD,and irritable bowel syndrome.We also summarize the therapeutic options for targeting the altered gut microbiota,such as probiotics and FMT.展开更多
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract encompassing two main clinical entities,Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Accumulated evidence indicates that an aberrant immune activation caused by the interplay of genetic susceptibility and environmental impact on the gut microbiota may be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD.Rapid advances in next-generation sequencing technology have enabled a number of studies to identify the alteration of the gut microbiota,termed dysbiosis,in IBD.Moreover,the alteration in the metabolites derived from the gut microbiota in IBD has also been described in many studies.Therefore,microbiota-based interventions such as fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)have attracted attention as a novel therapeutic option in IBD.However,in clinical trials,the efficacy of FMT for IBD remains controversial.Additional basic and clinical studies are required to validate whether FMT can assume a complementary role in the treatment of IBD.The present review provides a synopsis on dysbiosis in IBD and on the association between the gut microbiota and the pathogenesis of IBD.In addition,we summarize the use of probiotics in IBD and the results of current clinical trials of FMT for IBD.
文摘The human gut is a complex microbial ecosystem comprising approximately 100 trillion microbes collectively known as the“gut microbiota”.At a rough estimate,the human gut microbiome contains almost 3.3 million genes,which are about 150 times more than the total human genes present in the human genome.The vast amount of genetic information produces various enzymes and physiologically active substances.Thus,the gut microbiota contributes to the maintenance of host health;however,when healthy microbial composition is perturbed,a condition termed“dysbiosis”,the altered gut microbiota can trigger the development of various gastrointestinal diseases.The gut microbiota has consequently become an extremely important research area in gastroenterology.It is also expected that the results of research into the gut microbiota will be applied to the prevention and treatment of human gastrointestinal diseases.A randomized controlled trial conducted by a Dutch research group in 2013 showed the positive effect of fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)on recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection(CDI).These findings have led to the development of treatments targeting the gut microbiota,such as probiotics and FMT for inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)and other diseases.This review focuses on the association of the gut microbiota with human gastrointestinal diseases,including CDI,IBD,and irritable bowel syndrome.We also summarize the therapeutic options for targeting the altered gut microbiota,such as probiotics and FMT.
