Factors influencing myogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells and their application in muscle regeneration

Skeletal muscle regeneration mainly depends on muscle satellite cells;however,these cells are not sufficient for supporting repair and regeneration in volumetric muscle loss(VML),Duchenne muscular dystrophy,and other muscle injuries or muscle diseases.As such,much work has been conducted in recent years to search for myogenic stem cells.Adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs)have a wide range of sources,rapid growth,and multi-directional differentiation potential,and have become vital candidates for muscle regeneration.Multiple factors influence the myogenic differentiation capacity of ADSCs.This paper reviews the regulatory aspects and possible factors that have been identified in recent years to affect myogenic differentiation of ADSCs.Based on these factors,gene editing,and perfusion concepts,a method was proposed to achieve maximal differentiation efficiency of ADSCs.This study focused on the application of ADSCs in muscle regeneration and disease.Based on the importance of myogenic differentiation of ADSCs for the repair and regeneration of muscle damage,this study provides a basis for future research surrounding the efficient induction of myogenic differentiation of ADSCs in vitro.

Prospective application of poloxamer 188 in plastic surgery:A comprehensive review

An increasing number of researchers have demonstrated that poloxamer 188(P188)can be used as a pharmaceutical excipient for clinical applications.Its membrane-sealing effects and inherent biological activities make it an extremely promising agent for plastic surgery.In this review,we summarize the positive roles of P188 in autologous fat grafting,wound healing,and cartilage transplantation.These roles include improving the survival rate of fat grafts and chondrocytes,stimulating the metabolic activity of adipocytes,promoting wound healing,and contributing to cartilage formation.Although further research is still needed,it is clear that P188 has great potential and application value in the field of plastic surgery.

Application of decellularization-recellularization technique in plastic and reconstructive surgery

In the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery,the loss of organs or tissues caused by diseases or injuries has resulted in challenges,such as donor shortage and immunosuppression.In recent years,with the development of regenerative medicine,the decellularization-recellularization strategy seems to be a promising and attractive method to resolve these difficulties.The decellularized extracellular matrix contains no cells and genetic materials,while retaining the complex ultrastructure,and it can be used as a scaffold for cell seeding and subsequent transplantation,thereby promoting the regeneration of diseased or damaged tissues and organs.This review provided an overview of decellularization-recellularization technique,and mainly concentrated on the application of decellularization-recellularization technique in the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery,including the remodeling of skin,nose,ears,face,and limbs.Finally,we proposed the challenges in and the direction of future development of decellularization-recellularization technique in plastic surgery.

Signaling pathways of adipose stem cell-derived exosomes promoting muscle regeneration

Severe muscle injury is still a challenging clinical problem. Exosomes derived from adipose stem cells (ASC-exos) may be a potential therapeutic tool, but their mechanism is not completely clear. This review aims to elaborate the possible mechanism of ASC-exos in muscle regeneration from the perspective of signal pathways and provide guidance for further study. Literature cited in this review was acquired through PubMed using keywords or medical subject headings, including adipose stem cells, exosomes, muscle regeneration, myogenic differentiation, myogenesis, wingless/integrated (Wnt), mitogen-activated protein kinases, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription, and their combinations. We obtained the related signal pathways from proteomics analysis of ASC-exos in the literature, and identified that ASC-exos make different contributions to multiple stages of skeletal muscle regeneration by those signal pathways.

Free-cell therapeutics and mechanism of exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells in promoting wound healing: current understanding and future applications

Adipose stem cells(ADSCs)have been reported to have multidirectional differentiation potential,and can promote cell proliferation and growth,and nerve regeneration function,which has become a promising treatment regimen forwound repair.Exosomes derived from ADSCs(ADSCs-Exos)have excellenttissuerepairfunctions,including high vascular endothelial growth factor A,fibroblast growth factor_2,hepatocyte growth factor,platelet-derived growth factor subunit BB,and other importantwoundhealingfactors.l Supplementary Figure1,http:/links.lww.com/CM9/A828 is a simplified diagram of the exosome formation and release model.