Designing an Experimental Device for Swinging Excitation Spray Cooling

In this paper,we introduce the design principle of the oscillating excited spray cooling experimental device.We then designed an oscillating excited spray cooling experimental device.By using the device,the swaying motion can be realized through the control system,and the motion of the droplet under different vibration frequencies can be observed.By measuring the liquid flow rate and pressure,the changes in liquid flow rate,pressure,and temperature with time under different vibration frequencies were studied.The trajectory of the droplet and the temperature distribution of the droplet under different vibration frequencies could be observed.The device has a simple structure,is easy to control,and can achieve continuous observation of the spray cooling process.

Tension-compression asymmetry and corresponding deformation mechanism in ZA21 magnesium bars with bimodal structure

We investigated the asymmetric tension-compression(T-C)behavior of ZA21 bars with bimodal and uniform structures through axial tension and compression tests.The results show that the yield strengths of bars having bimodal structure are 206.42 and 140.28 MPa under tension and compression,respectively,which are higher than those of bars having uniform structure with tensile and compressive yield strength of 183.71 and 102.86 MPa,respectively.Prismatic slip and extension twinning under tension and basal slip and extension twinning under compression dominate the yield behavior and induce the T-C asymmetry.However,due to the basal slip activated in fine grains under tension and the inhibition of extension twinning by fine grains under compression,the bimodal structure possesses a lower T-C asymmetry(0.68)compared to the uniform structure(0.56).Multiple extension twins occur during deformation,and the selection of twin variants depends on the Schmid factor of the six variants activated by parent grains.Furthermore,the strengthening effect of the bimodal structure depends on the grain size and the ratio of coarse and fine grains.

Microstructure evolution and mechanical property of Mg-3Al alloys with addition of Ca and Gd during rolling and annealing process

The formability of magnesium alloys at ambient temperature can be enhanced by alloying additions such as Ca and RE elements,which is ascribed to the weakened basal texture.To produce magnesium alloy sheets with excellent comprehensive performance,the evolution of texture characterization during fabrication process and subsequent effect of texture on mechanical properties are vital controlling factors.In this investigation,three experimental Mg-3Al series alloys were hot rolled and annealed to sheets with 1 mm thickness.The microstructure evolution during rolling and annealing process was investigated.Furthermore,the influence of texture on tensile properties along different tensile directions was also studied.The results show that weakened basal texture and refined grains were achieved with the co-addition of Ca and RE element.However,strengthening of mechanical properties wasn't obtained.During hot rolling process,microstructure was refined,second phase particles broken,and basal texture was increased.While basal texture was weakened during annealing process.Recrystallization behavior influenced by formation of second phase was dominated to attenuate basal texture.Tensile deformation behavior was controlled by basal slip and followed Schmid factor criterion.Moreover,the weakened basal texture and activation of non-basal slips during hot rolling process can contribute to diminish the anisotropy of tensile properties.

Effect of Chaihu Shugan decoction on gastric smooth muscle cell apoptosis in rats with functional dyspepsia

Objective:To investigate the effect of Chaihu Shugan decoction(CSD)on gastric smooth muscle cells(GSMCs)apoptosis in rats with functional dyspepsia(FD).Methods:48Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly assigned into six groups:a normal control group,a model group,apositive control(domperidone)group and low-,middle-and high-dose CSD groups.A rat model of FD was established by constantly squeezing their tails.The rats were administered CSD(0.16g/mL,0.32g/mL,0.64g/mL)or domperidone(0.3 g/L)via intragastric gavage for four weeks.The gastric emptying rate was detected at 4 weeks post-administration.Apoptosis of GSMCs was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)staining and the mitochondrial morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy.The expression of Bcl-2and Bax was measured by immunohistochemistry.Results:FD resulted in marked reduction of gastric emptying rate,severe gastric tissue damage and mitochondria injury,but were reversed by CSD treatment(P<0.05).The apoptosis-induced protein Bax was markedly down-regulated by CSD,whereas the expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein was notably increased(P<0.05).Furthermore,CSD could protect the FD rats against GSMCs apoptosis manifested by a decreased in TUNEL-positive cells(P<0.05).Conclusion:CSD could alleviate GSMCs apoptosis in FD rats,possibly by the modulation of Bcl-2 and Bax expression,and the suppression of mitochondria injury.

Role of trace additions of Ca and Sn in improving the corrosion resistance of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy

The limited wide applicability of commercial Mg alloys is mainly attributed to the poor corrosion resistance.Addition of alloying elements is the simplest and effective method to improve the corrosion properties.Based on the low-cost alloy composition design,the corro-sion behavior of commercial Mg-3Al-1Zn(AZ31)alloy bearing minor Ca or Sn element was characterized by scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy,hydrogen evolution,electrochemical measurements,and corrosion morphology analysis.Results revealed that the potential differ-ence of Al_(2)Ca/α-Mg and Mg_(2)Sn/α-Mg was(230±19)mV and(80±6)mV,respectively,much lower than that of Al_(8)Mn_(5)/α-Mg(430±31)mV in AZ31 alloy,which illustrated that AZ31-0.2Sn alloy performed the best corrosion resistance,followed by AZ31-0.2Ca,while AZ31 al-loy exhibited the worst corrosion resistance.Moreover,Sn dissolved into matrix obviously increased the potential ofα-Mg and participated in the formation of dense SnO_(2) film at the interface of matrix,while Ca element was enriched in the corrosion product layer,resulting in the cor-rosion product layer of AZ31-0.2Ca/Sn alloys more compact,stable,and protective than AZ31 alloy.Therefore,AZ31 alloy bearing 0.2wt%Ca or Sn element exhibited excellent balanced properties,which is potential to be applied in commercial more comprehensively.

Alterations in DNA damage response and repair genes as potential biomarkers for immune checkpoint blockade in gastrointestinal cancer

Objective:Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have achieved remarkable results in cancer treatments.However,there is no effective predictive biomarker for gastrointestinal(GI)cancer.Methods:We conducted integrative analyses of the genomic and survival data of ICI-treated GI cancer patients from the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center cohort(MSK-GI,n=227),the Janjigian cohort(n=40),and the Peking University Cancer Hospital&Institute cohort(PUCH,n=80)to determine the possible associations between DNA damage response and repair(DDR)gene mutations and clinical outcomes.Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were analyzed to determine the possible correlations between DDR gene mutations and the tumor microenvironment.Results:In the MSK cohort,the presence of≥2 DDR gene mutations was correlated with prolonged overall survival(OS).The Janjigian and PUCH cohorts further confirmed that subgroups with≥2 DDR gene mutations displayed a prolonged OS and a higher durable clinical benefit.Furthermore,the DDR gene mutation load could be considered as an independent prognostic factor,and exhibited a potential predictive value for survival in GI cancer patients treated with ICIs.Mechanistically,we showed that the presence of≥2 DDR gene mutations was correlated with higher levels of tumor mutation burden,neoantigen,and T cell infiltration.Conclusions:The DDR gene mutation status was correlated with favorable clinical outcomes in GI cancer patients receiving ICIs,which could serve as a potential biomarker to guide patient selection for immunotherapy.

多XilinxFPGA互连模块的实现

随着工艺技术的进步,单颗芯片上集成的晶体管的数量已经超过十亿.为了对大规模芯片设计进行验证,搭载多颗千万门级FPGA的验证平台已经成为一种必然趋势.然而,在逻辑资源急速增加的情况下,FPGA的I/O端口数量却没有相应增加,使得I/O端口数量成为多FPGA原型验证系统的瓶颈.为了解决这个问题,时分复用技术（TDM：Time-Division-multiplexing）被广泛采纳.基于XilinxVirtex-7XC7V2000TFLG1925FPGA,本文在2颗以及4颗FPGA互连平台上实现了多FPGA时分复用互连模块,利用约100个数据传输通道满足了多达数十倍信号数量的通信需求.通过Xilinx的集成设计环境VIVADO软件综合后的功能测试、实现后的功能和时序测试以及在互连平台上的真实测试证明,本文所实现的多XilinxFPGA互连模块能够正确高效工作.本文工作为后续更多颗的FPGA之间的互连以及在上面实现各种高速互连协议奠定了基础.

Designing ABC-6 family small pore zeolites by epitaxial growth approach

Aluminosilicate small pore zeolites belonging to ABC-6 family play crucially important roles in the high methanol conversion with the high selectivity of light olefins,gas separation and storage,and selective catalytic reduction of NO_(x).In this work,we report a general method,called the epitaxial growth approach,for designing ABC-6 family small pore zeolites.It is mainly realized through the epitaxial growth on the nonporous SOD-type zeolite in the presence of inorganic cations(Na^(+)and K^(+))combined with a variety of organic structure directing agents(OSDAs).In this case,a series of ABC-6 family small pore zeolites such as ERI-,SWY-,LEV-,AFX-,and PTT-type zeolites have been successfully synthesized within a few hours.More importantly,the advanced focused ion beam(FIB)and the low-dose high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)imaging technique have been utilized for unraveling the zeolite heterojunction at the atomic level during the epitaxial growth process.It turns out(222)crystallographic planes of the SOD-type zeolite substrate provide unique pre-building units,which facilitate the growth of targeted ABC-6 family small pore zeolites along its c-axis.Moreover,the morphologies of ERI-type zeolite can also be tuned through the epitaxial growth approach,achieving a longer lifetime in the methanol conversion.

非鳞状免疫表型鼻咽癌23例临床病理学分析

目的探讨非鳞状免疫表型鼻咽癌(NSNPC)的病理分型及其临床病理特征。方法收集郑州大学第一附属医院2011至2019年经病理确诊为NSNPC的病例, 应用HE及免疫组织化学染色、原位杂交、透射电镜及聚合酶链反应(PCR)分析其病理学特点, 并收集临床随访资料。结果 (1)23例NSNPC中男性14例, 女性9例, 年龄范围16~76岁, 中位年龄46岁, 平均年龄为45岁。(2)形态学上均与经典鼻咽癌镜下形态相似。(3)免疫组织化学结果:NSNPC多表达低分子质量细胞角蛋白(CK8/18、CK8、CKL), 与经典鼻咽癌组比较, 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);通路蛋白EGFR、PI3K、p-AKT、p-mTOR在NSNPC中低表达, 与经典鼻咽癌组比较, 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);其他蛋白CK5/6、广谱细胞角蛋白(CKpan)、CK7、突触素、CD56、嗜铬粒素A(CgA)、SOX-10、AKT、mTOR、Notch、STAT3、p-STAT3与经典鼻咽癌组之间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(4)病原学检测:EBER阳性率78.3%(18/23), HPV阳性率8.7%(2/23), 分别为HPV35及HPV38型。(5)基因改变:相较于经典鼻咽癌, 抑癌基因BLU在NSNPC组织中表达增强;抑癌基因RASSF1及Rbms3在NSNPC组织中表达减弱, 与经典鼻咽癌表达一致。(6)超微结构特征:5例中发现细胞之间有桥粒连接, 余18例未见明显桥粒连接。(7)分期及预后:NSNPC与经典鼻咽癌相比, NSNPC复发率低、临床分期较早(P<0.05), 预后较好, 而与年龄、性别、远处转移、死亡无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论 NSNPC在组织学形态、病原学及基因改变上均与经典鼻咽癌类似, NSNPC仍属于非角化鳞癌中的未分化型。NSNPC恶性程度较低, 预后较好。

Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in malignant tumors:molecular mechanisms and future perspective

Protein tyrosine kinases(PTKs)are a class of proteins with tyrosine kinase activity that phosphorylate tyrosine residues of critical molecules in signaling pathways.Their basal function is essential for maintaining normal cell growth and differentiation.However,aberrant activation of PTKs caused by various factors can deviate cell function from the expected trajectory to an abnormal growth state,leading to carcinogenesis.Inhibiting the aberrant PTK function could inhibit tumor growth.Therefore,tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs),target-specific inhibitors of PTKs,have been used in treating malignant tumors and play a significant role in targeted therapy of cancer.Currently,drug resistance is the main reason for limiting TKIs efficacy of cancer.The increasing studies indicated that tumor microenvironment,cell death resistance,tumor metabolism,epigenetic modification and abnormal metabolism of TKIs were deeply involved in tumor development and TKI resistance,besides the abnormal activation of PTK-related signaling pathways involved in gene mutations.Accordingly,it is of great significance to study the underlying mechanisms of TKIs resistance and find solutions to reverse TKIs resistance for improving TKIs efficacy of cancer.Herein,we reviewed the drug resistance mechanisms of TKIs and the potential approaches to overcome TKI resistance,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for improving the efficacy of TKIs.

Role of Microalloyed Y and Gd in Improving the Corrosion Resistance of Rolled Mg-3Al-1Zn Alloy

The corrosion performances of rolled AZ31 alloy with addition of Y and Gd were comparatively investigated. The corrosion rates of AZ31 alloy modified with Y and Gd were 3.3 and 3.7 mm/y immersing for 24 h in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, respectively, which were much lower than that of AZ31 alloy(23.6 mm/y). The remarkable improvement in corrosion performance by adding Y or Gd was ascribed to preferentially form less noble Al_(2)Y or Al_(6)GdMn_(6) and more protective corrosion product layer, resulting in the reduction in H_(2) evolution rate and the enhancement of passivity.