The first chromosome-level Fallopia multiflora genome assembly provides insights into stilbene biosynthesis

Fallopia multiflora(Thunb.)Harald,a vine belonging to the Polygonaceae family,is used in traditional medicine.The stilbenes contained in it have significant pharmacological activities in anti-oxidation and anti-aging.This study describes the assembly of the F.multiflora genome and presents its chromosome-level genome sequence containing 1.46 gigabases of data(with a contig N50 of 1.97 megabases),1.44 gigabases of which was assigned to 11 pseudochromosomes.Comparative genomics confirmed that F.multiflora shared a whole-genome duplication event with Tartary buckwheat and then underwent different transposon evolution after separation.Combining genomics,transcriptomics,and metabolomics data to map a network of associated genes and metabolites,we identified two FmRS genes responsible for the catalysis of one molecule of p-coumaroyl-CoA and three molecules of malonyl-CoA to resveratrol in F.multiflora.These findings not only serve as the basis for revealing the stilbene biosynthetic pathway but will also contribute to the development of tools for increasing the production of bioactive stilbenes through molecular breeding in plants or metabolic engineering in microbes.Moreover,the reference genome of F.multiflora is a useful addition to the genomes of the Polygonaceae family.

Enhancement of hydrogen production and energy recovery through electro-fermentation from the dark fermentation effluent of food waste

To enhance hydrogen production efficiency and energy recovery,a sequential dark fermentation and microbial electrochemical cell(MEC)process was evaluated for hydrogen production from food waste.The hydrogen production,electrochemical performance and microbial community dynamics were investigated during startup of the MEC that was inoculated with different sludges.Results suggest that biogas production rates and hydrogen proportions were 0.83 L/L d and 92.58%,respectively,using anaerobic digested sludge,which is higher than that of the anaerobic granular sludge(0.55 L/L d and 86.21%).The microbial community were predominated by bacterial genus Acetobacterium,Geobacter,Desulfovibrio,and archaeal genus Methanobrevibacter in electrode biofilms and the community structure was relatively stable both in anode and cathode.The sequential system obtained a 53.8% energy recovery rate and enhanced soluble chemical oxygen demand(sCOD)removal rate of 44.3%.This research demonstrated an important approach to utilize dark fermentation effluent to maximize the conversion of fermentation byproducts into hydrogen.