MSD-Net: Pneumonia Classification Model Based on Multi-Scale Directional Feature Enhancement

Computer-aided diagnosis of pneumonia based on deep learning is a research hotspot.However,there are some problems that the features of different sizes and different directions are not sufficient when extracting the features in lung X-ray images.A pneumonia classification model based on multi-scale directional feature enhancement MSD-Net is proposed in this paper.The main innovations are as follows:Firstly,the Multi-scale Residual Feature Extraction Module(MRFEM)is designed to effectively extract multi-scale features.The MRFEM uses dilated convolutions with different expansion rates to increase the receptive field and extract multi-scale features effectively.Secondly,the Multi-scale Directional Feature Perception Module(MDFPM)is designed,which uses a three-branch structure of different sizes convolution to transmit direction feature layer by layer,and focuses on the target region to enhance the feature information.Thirdly,the Axial Compression Former Module(ACFM)is designed to perform global calculations to enhance the perception ability of global features in different directions.To verify the effectiveness of the MSD-Net,comparative experiments and ablation experiments are carried out.In the COVID-19 RADIOGRAPHY DATABASE,the Accuracy,Recall,Precision,F1 Score,and Specificity of MSD-Net are 97.76%,95.57%,95.52%,95.52%,and 98.51%,respectively.In the chest X-ray dataset,the Accuracy,Recall,Precision,F1 Score and Specificity of MSD-Net are 97.78%,95.22%,96.49%,95.58%,and 98.11%,respectively.This model improves the accuracy of lung image recognition effectively and provides an important clinical reference to pneumonia Computer-Aided Diagnosis.

Association of plasma vitamin A level with type 2 diabetes mellitus:a community aging population-based cross-sectional study

Recent studies indicated that vitamin A(VA)might be involved in the pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).This cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the association between circulating VA level and T2DM.A total of 1818 subjects aged 50 years old and above were recruited from the community.Binomial logistic regression and restricted cubic spline(RCS)were applied to analyze the association of plasma VA level with the risk of T2DM.Serum VA and lipid-adjusted VA levels of T2DM patients were significantly higher than that of non-T2DM subjects(P<0.05).The ratios of plasma VA/total cholesterol(TC),VA/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c)and VA/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c)were positively associated with the risk of T2DM in the aging population(P<0.05).Compared with the Q1 level,subjects with Q2 to Q3 levels of plasma VA/triglyceride(TG)have decreased risk of T2DM(odds ratio(OR)Q2=0.68,P_(Q2)=0.021;ORQ3=0.59,P_(Q3)<0.01).Our results indicated that the imbalance of circulating lipids and VA might affect the relationship between VA and T2DM.The middle and aging subjects with higher ratios of plasma VA/TC,VA/HDL-c,and VA/LDL-c displayed increased risk for T2DM,but the moderate ratio of VA/TG might protect against risk of T2DM.

Guided-YNet: Saliency Feature-Guided Interactive Feature Enhancement Lung Tumor Segmentation Network

Multimodal lung tumor medical images can provide anatomical and functional information for the same lesion.Such as Positron Emission Computed Tomography(PET),Computed Tomography(CT),and PET-CT.How to utilize the lesion anatomical and functional information effectively and improve the network segmentation performance are key questions.To solve the problem,the Saliency Feature-Guided Interactive Feature Enhancement Lung Tumor Segmentation Network(Guide-YNet)is proposed in this paper.Firstly,a double-encoder single-decoder U-Net is used as the backbone in this model,a single-coder single-decoder U-Net is used to generate the saliency guided feature using PET image and transmit it into the skip connection of the backbone,and the high sensitivity of PET images to tumors is used to guide the network to accurately locate lesions.Secondly,a Cross Scale Feature Enhancement Module(CSFEM)is designed to extract multi-scale fusion features after downsampling.Thirdly,a Cross-Layer Interactive Feature Enhancement Module(CIFEM)is designed in the encoder to enhance the spatial position information and semantic information.Finally,a Cross-Dimension Cross-Layer Feature Enhancement Module(CCFEM)is proposed in the decoder,which effectively extractsmultimodal image features through global attention and multi-dimension local attention.The proposed method is verified on the lung multimodal medical image datasets,and the results showthat theMean Intersection overUnion(MIoU),Accuracy(Acc),Dice Similarity Coefficient(Dice),Volumetric overlap error(Voe),Relative volume difference(Rvd)of the proposed method on lung lesion segmentation are 87.27%,93.08%,97.77%,95.92%,89.28%,and 88.68%,respectively.It is of great significance for computer-aided diagnosis.

Preparation,characterization and antioxidant activity analysis of three Maillard glycosylated bone collagen hydrolysates from chicken,porcine and bovine

Bone collagen hydrolysates(peptides)derived from byproduct of animal product processing have been used to produce commercially valuable products due to their potential antioxidant activity.Maillard glycosylated reaction is considered as a promising method to enhance the antioxidant activity of peptides.Hence,this research aims at investigating the Maillard glycosylation activity and antioxidant activity of bone collagen hydrolysates from different sources.In this study,3 glycosylated bone collagen hydrolysates were prepared and characterized,and cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity were analyzed and evaluated.The free amino groups loss,browning intensity,and fluorescence intensity of G-Cbcp(glycosylated chicken bone collagen hydrolysates(peptides))were the heaviest,followed by G-Pbcp(glycosylated porcine bone collagen hydrolysates(peptides))and G-Bbcp(glycosylated bovine bone collagen hydrolysates(peptides)).The results of amino acid analysis showed that amino acid composition of different bone collagen hydrolysates was significantly different and the amino acid decreased to different degrees after Maillard glycosylated reaction,which may lead to differences in Maillard glycosylated reaction activity.Furthermore,the 3 glycosylated hydrolysates showed no significant cytotoxicity.The results showed that glycosylation process significantly increased the antioxidant activity of bone collagen hydrolysates,and G-Cbcp showed the strongest antioxidant activity,followed by G-Pbcp and G-Bbcp.Therefore,compared with the bone collagen hydrolysates,3 glycosylated hydrolysates showed significant characteristic and structural changes,and higher antioxidant activity.

Understanding the drivers of woody plant diversity in urban parks in a snow climate city of China

Urban parks are an important part of urban ecosystems and play an important role in biodiversity conservation.However,it is still unclear how park characteristics aff ect plant diversity which could hinder the conservation of urban biodiversity due to the ineff ective design of urban parks.The diversity of woody plants in 33 parks of Changchun,China,was measured with plot measurements and linked with urban park characteristics(e.g.,size and age of the park)to uncover the relationship between them.The results show that urban woody plant species were abundant,with 98 species belonging to 51 genera and 26 families in the snow climate city of Changchun.The variation in woody plant diversity was largely explained by internal patch characteristics(e.g.,size,age,shape),and external factors surrounding the park(e.g.,land use type and socioeconomic level)accounted for only 16.0%in our study.For internal patch characteristics,older urban parks with larger areas demonstrated a richer level of plant diversity and increased nonlinearly with increasing park area.The threshold size signifi cantly aff ecting plant diversity variation was approximately 30 ha.Plant diversity had positive linear relationships with the ages of urban parks,supporting the legacy eff ect.In addition,woody plant diversity nonlinearly decreased with increasing park shape index,which suggested that the plant diversity could also be increased by optimizing the park shape.Regarding the external factors surrounding parks,the spatial distribution of woody plant diversity varied greatly from the urban center to the suburbs.House prices around the park had positive linear relationships with woody plant diversity in parks,supporting the luxury eff ect.However,building and road proportions,and green space proportion had no relationship with plant diversity in parks.This study can provide a robust reference for enriching plant diversity in urban parks,thus improving the development of urban sustainable cities.

Thermally Induced Vibration Analysis of Flexible Beams Based on Isogeometric Analysis

Spacecraft flexible appendages may experience thermally induced vibrations(TIV)under sudden heating loads,which in consequence will be unable to complete their intended missions.Isogeometric analysis(IGA)utilizes,in an isoparametric concept,the same high order and high continuity non-uniform rational B-splines(NURBS)to represent both the geometry and the physical field of the structure.Compared to the traditional Lagrange polynomial based finite element method where only C0-continuity across elements can be achieved,IGA is geometrically exact and naturally fulfills the C1-continuity requirement of Euler–Bernoulli(EB)beam elements,therefore,does not need extra rotational degrees-of-freedom.In this paper,we present a thermally induced vibration analysis framework based on the isogeometric method where thermal and structural behaviors are coupled.We fully exploited the higher order,higher continuous and geometric exactness of the NURBS basis with both benchmarks and sophisticated problems.In particular,we studied the thermally induced vibrations of the Hubble Space Telescope(HST)solar panel where main factors influencing thermal flutters are studied,and where possible improvements of the analytical reference methods are discussed.Additionally,thermally induced vibrations of the thin-walled lenticular tubes are studied and two new configurations of the tube are proposed to effectively suppress the thermally induced vibrations.Numerical examples of both benchmarks and sophisticated problems confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the isogeometric analysis framework for thermally induced vibration analysis of space structures.

篮状菌Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802来源的高温葡萄糖淀粉酶性质与结构

葡萄糖淀粉酶作为淀粉糖化的关键用酶之一,广泛应用于食品、医药和发酵工业等行业。由于整个制糖过程都是在高温下完成的,因此对葡萄糖淀粉酶的反应温度和热稳定性有较高要求。本研究从嗜热篮状菌Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802中克隆到一个糖苷水解酶第15家族(GH15)葡萄糖淀粉酶基因(Tlga15A)并在毕赤酵母GS115中实现异源表达。重组葡萄糖淀粉酶TlGA的最适pH为4.5,在75℃下表现出最高酶活。TlGA热稳定性好,65℃条件下处理1 h剩余70%以上酶活力;70℃处理30min后仍有43%酶活力。TlGA有较强的离子抗性和宽泛的底物特异性,TlGA水解可溶性淀粉、支链淀粉、糖原、糊精和普鲁兰的比活力分别为(255.6±15.3) U/mg、(342.3±24.7) U/mg、(185.4±12.5) U/mg、(423.3±29.3) U/mg和(65.7±8.1) U/mg。从葡萄糖淀粉酶TlGA的一级结构、二级结构和三级结构3个层面对其进行比较分析,发现一级结构中较少的Gly组成和三级结构中较低的非极性基团溶剂可及表面积可能是维持葡萄糖淀粉酶TlGA温度稳定性的主要原因。综合其性质特点和对结构的分析,葡萄糖淀粉酶TlGA在工业葡萄糖生产中有较大应用潜力。

嗜热子囊菌Thermoascus crustaceus JCM12803来源的低温α-淀粉酶功能验证及其适冷机制分析

【目的】挖掘新颖的低温α-淀粉酶基因资源,并对其适冷机制进行分析,可以加深我们对低温酶的认识并为酶分子改良提供科学依据。【方法】根据嗜热子囊菌(Thermoascus crustaceus) JCM12803全基因组序列信息,利用PCR的方法获得一个α-淀粉酶基因Tcamy,将其插入至表达载体pPIC9后,在巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris) GS115中异源表达,测定其酶学性质。同时采用氨基酸序列分析和同源建模的方法获得其三维结构,分别从蛋白序列-结构-功能层面上研究其适冷机制。【结果】Tc Amy是一个典型的低温α-淀粉酶,最适温度35°C,在0°C下保持有27%的活性。序列和结构分析表明该酶N-糖基化修饰程度低,Arg和Pro含量低而Gly含量高且二硫键和离子键较少。【结论】本研究获得了一个低温α-淀粉酶,低N-糖基化以及特殊的氨基酸组成和蛋白分子内作用力是其适应低温的根本原因。

Genome-wide profiling of long noncoding RNA expression patterns and CeRNA analysis in mouse cortical neurons infected with different strains of borna disease virus

Borna disease virus 1(BoDV-1)is neurotropic prototype of Bornaviruses causing neurological diseases and maintaining persistent infection in brain cells of mammalian species.Long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)is transcript of more than 200 nucleotides without proteincoding function regulating various biological processes as proliferation,apoptosis,cell migration and viral infection.However,regulatory of lncRNAs in BoDV-1 infection remains unknown.To identify differential expression profiles and predict functions of lncRNA in BoDV-1 infection,microarray data showed that 3528 lncRNAs and 2661 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in Strain V and Hu-H1 BoDV-infected groups compared with control groups,respectively.Gene Ontology(GO)and pathway analysis suggested that differential lncRNAs may be involved in regulation of metabolic,biological regulation,cellular process,endocytosis,viral infections and cell adhesion processes,cancer in both BoDV-infected strains.ENSMUST00000128469 was found down-regulated in both BoDV-infected groups compared with control groups consistent with microarray(p<0.05).ceRNA analysis indicated possible interaction networks as ENSMUST00000128469/miR-22-5p,miR-206-3p,miR-302b-5p,miR-302c-3p,miR-1a-3p/Igf1.Igf1 was found up-regulated in both BoDV-infected groups compared with control groups(p<0.05).Possible functions of predicted target mRNAs and miRNAs of ENSMUST00000128469 were involved in cell proliferation,transcriptional misregulation and proteoglycan pathways enriched in cancer.lncRNA may be involved in regulation of Hu-H1 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis through NF-kB,JNK/MAPK signaling,BCL2 and CDK6/E2F1 pathways different from Strain V.Possible interaction networks as ENSMUST00000128469/miR-22-5p,miR-206-3p,miR-302b-5p,miR-302c-3p,miR-1a-3p/Igf1 may involve in regulation of cell proliferation,apoptosis,and cancer.

Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis in a 4-year-old girl:a case report

Background:Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1(LGI1)antibody-mediated encephalitis is a rare subtype of autoimmune encephalopathy,which is associated with autoimmunity against the neuronal plasma membrane proteins.The characteristic symptoms of this disease are memory dysfunction,seizures,faciobrachial dystonic seizures,cognitive deficits,neuropsychiatric disturbances,and intractable hyponatremia.The diagnosis of this disease mainly depends on the presence of anti-LGI1 antibody in serum or cerebrospinal fluid of patients.LGI1 antibody encephalitis has been reported mostly in adults,with rare occurrences in children.Case presentation:In this report,we described a 4-year-old girl with typical seizures.Seizure types included focal seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures.The electroencephalogram findings showed focal discharges.Brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)showed normal.The cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)levels of cells,glucose,and chloride were within the normal range,and the culture did not reveal growth of any pathogen.Test of serum LGI1-Ab was positive,while the tests for autoimmune encephalitis antibody series in CSF were negative.The seizures of the patient were completely controlled after the therapy of immunoglobulin,methylprednisolone and antiepileptic drugs(AEDs),and the mental state almost returned to normal.Conclusion:To our knowledge,the patient described here may be the youngest case of LGI1 antibody encephalitis reported to date.Children with the LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis may present only with single symptoms such as epileptic seizures and have good response to the therapy of immunoglobulin,methylprednisolone and antiepileptic drugs.Our case report will provide hints for pediatricians in the diagnosis and treatment of LGI1-antibody encephalitis.

Large magnetic entropy change in weberite-type oxides Gd_(3)MO_(7)(M=Nb,Sb,and Ta)

In the present work,the structure,magnetic properties,and cryogenic magnetocaloric effect of weberite-type oxides Gd_(3)MO_(7)(M=Nb,Sb,and Ta)are reported through powder X-ray diffraction,bulk susceptibility,and heat capacity measurements,as well as scaling law analysis and a mean-field approach.A remarkably large isothermal magnetic entropy change of 354.0 m J K^(-1)cm^(-3)is observed for Gd_(3)SbO_(7)under an external field of 9 T at 2.0 K.The relative cooling power is estimated to be 618.9 J kg^(-1)(4.8 J cm^(-3))for an applied field of 8.9 T,with the largest adiabatic temperature change being 22.4 K at 6.3 K.The magnetocaloric performance of these oxides is quite impressive when compared with the benchmark magnetic refrigerant,gadolinium gallium garnet(Gd_(3)Ga_(5)O_(12),GGG).Therefore,Gd_(3)MO_(7)(M=Nb,Sb,and Ta)are promising alternatives for cryogenic cooling techniques,especially for the magnetic liquefaction of helium.

Correction to:Leucine-rich gliomainactivated protein 1 antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis in a 4-year-old girl:a case report

Correction to:Acta Epileptologica 3,4(2021)https://doi.org/10.1186/s42494-021-00039-z After publication of this article[1],it is reported the below corrections need to be made with it.1.The following sentence need to be added to the end of‘Background’section:“This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Qilu Children’s Hospital of Shandong University and informed consent has been obtained from the guardian of patient prior to analysis.”