Background:The plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens is a rare strain of actinomycete,in order to recognize and expand the ecological functions of rare actinomycetes.Methods:In this experi...Background:The plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens is a rare strain of actinomycete,in order to recognize and expand the ecological functions of rare actinomycetes.Methods:In this experiment,we studied the effect of Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens P9 on the drought resistance of peanut by inoculating peanut seedlings in pots and measuring the growth and physiological indicators of peanut under drought stress and re-watering conditions.Results:The results showed that during drought stress,the relative water content of the soil and leaves,chlorophyll content,and stomatal length,width,and aperture were significantly decreased while the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),H_(2)O_(2) and stomatal density were significantly increased.Peanut growth was also inhibited.However,inoculation with the P9 strain significantly promoted the growth of peanut under drought stress as plant height,fresh weight,root length and root weight were significantly higher compared with the uninoculated drought stress group.In addition,in P9-inoculated plants,the water and chlorophyll contents were significantly higher and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes CAT and SOD were significantly increased(except during the six days of drought treatment).While the stomatal length,width,and aperture were improved,the levels of MDA and H2O2 were significantly decreased.NBT staining showed that inoculation with P9 reduced O^(2−) accumulation under stress.After re-watering,the physiological indexes of inoculated plants recovered more quickly and grew better.Conclusions:The results showed that T.tyrosinosolvens P9 enhanced drought resistance and improves peanut growth by increasing leaf water content,increasing photosynthesis,regulating stomatal closure,and improving antioxidant enzyme activity.展开更多
Despite the tremendous progress of chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)cell therapy in hematological malignancies,their application in solid tumors has been limited largely due to T-cell exhaustion in the tumor microenv...Despite the tremendous progress of chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)cell therapy in hematological malignancies,their application in solid tumors has been limited largely due to T-cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment(TME)and systemic toxicity caused by excessive cytokine release.As a key regulator of the immunosuppressive TME,TGF-βpromotes cytokine synthesis via the NF-κB pathway.Here,we coexpressed SMAD7,a suppressor of TGF-βsignaling,with a HER2-targeted CAR in engineered T cells.These novel CAR-T cells displayed high cytolytic efficacy and were resistant to TGF-β-triggered exhaustion,which enabled sustained tumoricidal capacity after continuous antigen exposure.Moreover,SMAD7 substantially reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines by antigen-primed CAR-T cells.Mechanistically,SMAD7 downregulated TGF-βreceptor I and abrogated the interplay between the TGF-βand NF-κB pathways in CAR-T cells.As a result,these CAR-T cells persistently inhibited tumor growth and promoted the survival of tumor-challenged mice regardless of the hostile tumor microenvironment caused by a high concentration of TGF-β.SMAD7 coexpression also enhanced CAR-T-cell infiltration and persistent activation in patient-derived tumor organoids.Therefore,our study demonstrated the feasibility of SMAD7 coexpression as a novel approach to improve the efficacy and safety of CAR-T-cell therapy for solid tumors.展开更多
Dear Editor,As a conserved mechanism among eukaryotic organisms,RNA silencing is vital for suppressing gene expression at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional level to regulate multiple biological processes.Smal...Dear Editor,As a conserved mechanism among eukaryotic organisms,RNA silencing is vital for suppressing gene expression at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional level to regulate multiple biological processes.Small interfering RNAs(si RNAs)generated by Dicer proteins integrate with Argonaute(AGO)to form an RNA-induced silencing complex(RISC),in which RNA/DNA could be degraded/methylated through a sequence-specific manner(Ding et al.,2004).展开更多
With the rapid urbanization and mass internal migration in China during the past several decades, the population of children who migrate with their parents to the cities has now reached over 35 million. The education ...With the rapid urbanization and mass internal migration in China during the past several decades, the population of children who migrate with their parents to the cities has now reached over 35 million. The education of migrant children poses significant challenges to China's hukou based education system. In this paper, we first review the policy developments and descriptive studies related to migrant children's education to offer a comprehensive view of the issue. We then provide in-depth examination of several important quantitative literatures, including the effect of parental migration on children's education, schooling choices of migrant children and their impacts on school performance, peer effects of migrant children in urban public schools. Overall, although considerable progress has been made regarding migrant children's education in China, more fundamental policy reforms are necessary to improve the quality of migrant children^ education at the compulsory education level and beyond.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 31760030 and 32060028the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guizhou Province under Grant[2022]009.
文摘Background:The plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens is a rare strain of actinomycete,in order to recognize and expand the ecological functions of rare actinomycetes.Methods:In this experiment,we studied the effect of Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens P9 on the drought resistance of peanut by inoculating peanut seedlings in pots and measuring the growth and physiological indicators of peanut under drought stress and re-watering conditions.Results:The results showed that during drought stress,the relative water content of the soil and leaves,chlorophyll content,and stomatal length,width,and aperture were significantly decreased while the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),H_(2)O_(2) and stomatal density were significantly increased.Peanut growth was also inhibited.However,inoculation with the P9 strain significantly promoted the growth of peanut under drought stress as plant height,fresh weight,root length and root weight were significantly higher compared with the uninoculated drought stress group.In addition,in P9-inoculated plants,the water and chlorophyll contents were significantly higher and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes CAT and SOD were significantly increased(except during the six days of drought treatment).While the stomatal length,width,and aperture were improved,the levels of MDA and H2O2 were significantly decreased.NBT staining showed that inoculation with P9 reduced O^(2−) accumulation under stress.After re-watering,the physiological indexes of inoculated plants recovered more quickly and grew better.Conclusions:The results showed that T.tyrosinosolvens P9 enhanced drought resistance and improves peanut growth by increasing leaf water content,increasing photosynthesis,regulating stomatal closure,and improving antioxidant enzyme activity.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81972870)the Independent Research Topic of State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology of Fourth Military Medical University(CBSKL2022ZZ20)+2 种基金Shaanxi Innovative Research Team for Key Science and Technology(S2022-ZC-TD-0065)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.222300420264)Tangdu Hospital-key research project(2022TDGS007).
文摘Despite the tremendous progress of chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)cell therapy in hematological malignancies,their application in solid tumors has been limited largely due to T-cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment(TME)and systemic toxicity caused by excessive cytokine release.As a key regulator of the immunosuppressive TME,TGF-βpromotes cytokine synthesis via the NF-κB pathway.Here,we coexpressed SMAD7,a suppressor of TGF-βsignaling,with a HER2-targeted CAR in engineered T cells.These novel CAR-T cells displayed high cytolytic efficacy and were resistant to TGF-β-triggered exhaustion,which enabled sustained tumoricidal capacity after continuous antigen exposure.Moreover,SMAD7 substantially reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines by antigen-primed CAR-T cells.Mechanistically,SMAD7 downregulated TGF-βreceptor I and abrogated the interplay between the TGF-βand NF-κB pathways in CAR-T cells.As a result,these CAR-T cells persistently inhibited tumor growth and promoted the survival of tumor-challenged mice regardless of the hostile tumor microenvironment caused by a high concentration of TGF-β.SMAD7 coexpression also enhanced CAR-T-cell infiltration and persistent activation in patient-derived tumor organoids.Therefore,our study demonstrated the feasibility of SMAD7 coexpression as a novel approach to improve the efficacy and safety of CAR-T-cell therapy for solid tumors.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1400800 and 2021YFA1300400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32250001)。
文摘Dear Editor,As a conserved mechanism among eukaryotic organisms,RNA silencing is vital for suppressing gene expression at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional level to regulate multiple biological processes.Small interfering RNAs(si RNAs)generated by Dicer proteins integrate with Argonaute(AGO)to form an RNA-induced silencing complex(RISC),in which RNA/DNA could be degraded/methylated through a sequence-specific manner(Ding et al.,2004).
基金the National Science Foundation of China (Project Number:71773074)National Science Foundation of China Youth Program (Project Number:71303149)+4 种基金the Shanghai Soong Ching Ling Foundation (Lu Jiaxian and Gao Wenying Special Foundation)the Program for Innovative Research Team of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics (Project Number:2014110310)the National Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars (Project Number:71425005)China National Science Foundation (Project Number:71773037)the Yangtze River Scholars Program (Project Number:T2012069).
文摘With the rapid urbanization and mass internal migration in China during the past several decades, the population of children who migrate with their parents to the cities has now reached over 35 million. The education of migrant children poses significant challenges to China's hukou based education system. In this paper, we first review the policy developments and descriptive studies related to migrant children's education to offer a comprehensive view of the issue. We then provide in-depth examination of several important quantitative literatures, including the effect of parental migration on children's education, schooling choices of migrant children and their impacts on school performance, peer effects of migrant children in urban public schools. Overall, although considerable progress has been made regarding migrant children's education in China, more fundamental policy reforms are necessary to improve the quality of migrant children^ education at the compulsory education level and beyond.