High H_(2) selective performance of Ni-Fe-Ca/H-Al catalysts for steam reforming of biomass and plastic

The development of a selective catalyst for the conversion of biomass and plastics into H2by steam reforming can combat the energy crisis and global warming.In this work,support Ni-Fe-Ca/H-Al bifunctional catalysts were prepared by loading Ni and Fe into pretreatment CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)(Ca/H-Al)carriers and showed high catalytic activity for the steam reforming of biomass and plastic.Moreover,the idea of bidirectional degradation was exploited to strengthen the pyrolysis of plastic with a high H/C and biomass with a high O/C.Interestingly,the products presented high H2selective(1302.10 m L/g)and low CO_(2)yield(120.23 m L/g)in 7Ni-5Fe-Ca/H-Al(2:4)catalyst compared with current reports.Here,the abundant oxygen vacancies(Ov)in the H-Al carrier exhibited an electron-deficient nature,providing active sites for anchoring Ni O.Meanwhile,Ni O interacted with Ca_(2)Fe_(2)O_(5)to produce more defective Ovsites,which stabilized the NiO particles in the 7Ni-5Fe-Ca/H-Al(2:4)catalyst,and the interaction between the catalyst and the carrier was enhanced,leading to the reduction of weakly basic sites,this property promoted the strong adsorption of CO_(2)and H2O by the catalyst,contributing to the enhancement of efficient steam conversion and the promotion of conversion of by-products to H2.Notably,7Ni-5Fe-Ca/H-Al(2:4)catalysts maintained structural integrity after regeneration and exhibited excellent regenerability in H2selection and CO_(2)adsorption.The work provides a new idea for the study of efficient H2production from steam reforming of biomass and plastics.

稀土三元催化体系ZnO/SiO_2负载化及季铵盐催化CO_2与环氧丙烷合成高分子量聚碳酸酯（英文）

由环氧丙烷(PO)和CO_2交替共聚合成脂肪族聚碳酸亚丙酯,CO_2利用率高,所得产物具有一定的力学性能和生物降解性能,具有广泛应用前景.目前,用于CO_2和环氧化合物共聚的催化体系主要包含锌、钴、镉、铬、铝和稀土等金属活性中心,结构、活性各异的催化剂体系,其催化性能和产物性能也各具特色.其中,稀土三元催化剂(ZnEt_2-甘油-三氯乙酸钇)因合成聚碳酸酯产物的分子量高、碳酸酯单元含量高、聚醚及环碳酸酯副产物少的特点而受到关注.但是由于催化剂催化效率低,聚合时间长,产品成本高,使得工业化规模生产受到限制.本文基于稀土三元催化体系,将催化剂负载于硅胶及锌改性硅胶,优化了其制备条件,同时考察了添加季铵盐对催化CO_2/环氧丙烷共聚合成聚碳酸酯性能的影响.结果表明,在1 L聚合釜中,于3.5 MPa和70 ℃反应条件下,ZnO担载量及ZnO/SiO_2添加量对反应性能均有影响.当3 wt%ZnO/SiO_2的添加量为5 g时,稀土三元催化体系的活性为4845.2 g/mol_(Zn).所得聚合物经过多次纯化处理后,能够有效提高材料的热学性能,即有效除去产物中的ZnO对聚合物的热稳定性有重要作用.添加含有不同阴离子(F^-,Cl^-和Br^-)的季铵盐可显著影响稀土三元催化剂的活性.其中,仅四甲基氟化铵可以明显提高反应活性乃至聚合物分子量.在3 wt%ZnO/SiO_2载体和四甲基氟化铵的协同作用下,稀土三元催化体系的共聚性能明显提升,活性最高可达5223.0 g/mol_(Zn).聚合物结构分析表明,在载体和四甲基氟化铵存在下,聚合物分子量明显提高,可达到20万以上,分子量分布明显变窄,且聚合物结构如碳酸酯的单元含量、副产物含量以及聚合物产品玻璃化温度基本不变,后者均保持在40.41℃.基于此,我们提出了在ZnO改性硅胶载体及四甲基氟化铵存在下稀土三元催化体系催化CO_2/环氧丙烷共聚的反应机理:ZnO/SiO_2载体有利于稀土三元催化体系的分散。

肺癌合并间质性肺炎药物治疗研究进展

间质性肺病(interstitial lung disease,ILD)是肺癌发生的危险因素,临床上经常出现肺癌合并间质性肺病(lung cancer associated with ILD,LC-ILD)患者。治疗LC-ILD过程中有导致患者ILD急剧加重甚至死亡的风险,同时合并ILD成为多数肺癌前瞻性临床试验的排除标准,因此当肺癌合并ILD时常常成为肺癌的治疗难点。由于LCILD患者在临床中占有一定的比例,因此有必要探寻其最佳的治疗方案。在此我们综述了现有的临床研究结果以供参考。

Multi-agent reinforcement learning for edge information sharing in vehicular networks

To guarantee the heterogeneous delay requirements of the diverse vehicular services,it is necessary to design a full cooperative policy for both Vehicle to Infrastructure(V2I)and Vehicle to Vehicle(V2V)links.This paper investigates the reduction of the delay in edge information sharing for V2V links while satisfying the delay requirements of the V2I links.Specifically,a mean delay minimization problem and a maximum individual delay minimization problem are formulated to improve the global network performance and ensure the fairness of a single user,respectively.A multi-agent reinforcement learning framework is designed to solve these two problems,where a new reward function is proposed to evaluate the utilities of the two optimization objectives in a unified framework.Thereafter,a proximal policy optimization approach is proposed to enable each V2V user to learn its policy using the shared global network reward.The effectiveness of the proposed approach is finally validated by comparing the obtained results with those of the other baseline approaches through extensive simulation experiments.

神奇的活性炭家族

活性炭是吸附能力较强的炭材料的统称,广谱性与特异性均可以通过制备与处理方法进行调节,其在杂质净化的应用方面具有举足轻重的地位。本文运用拟人化的手法,生动形象地展现活性炭的分类及其部分性质,旨在让读者在趣味阅读中充分了解活性炭家族的性质、功能及其应用。

High-sensitivity Bloch surface wave sensor with Fano resonance in grating-coupled multilayer structures

A new type of device consisting of a lithium niobate film coupled with a distributed Bragg reflector(DBR)was theoretically proposed to explore and release Bloch surface waves for applications in sensing and detection.The film and grating made of lithium niobate(LiNbO_(3))were placed on both sides of the DBR and a concentrated electromagnetic field was formed at the film layer.By adjusting the spatial incidence angle of the incident light,two detection and analysis modes were obtained,including surface diffraction detection and guided Bloch detection.Surface diffraction detection was used to detect the gas molecule concentrations,while guided Bloch detection was applied for the concentration detection of biomolecule-modulated biological solutions.According to the drift of the Fano curve,the average sensor sensitivities from the analysis of the two modes were 1560°/RIU and 1161°/RIU,and the maximum detection sensitivity reached2320/RIU and 2200°/RIU,respectively.This study revealed the potential application of LiNbO_(3)as a tunable material when combined with DBR to construct a new type of biosensor,which offered broad application prospects in Bloch surface wave biosensors.

Effect of ticagrelor on bridge vascular occlusion and other cardiovascular events after coronary artery bypass grafting

Background Recent studies have shown that the mortality of patients with coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG)can be reduced by ticagrelor,but the effect on the vascular patency of the bridge and other cardiovascular events is not clear.Methods A database of patients with coronary artery bypass grafting in our hospital from October 2013 to December 2016,40 patients with ticagrelor and aspirin after the surgery.

Prognostic Significance of HbA1c Level in Asian Patients with Prediabetes and Coronary Artery Disease

Background:Measuring glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)is a simple way to assess patients with prediabetes or diabetes mellitus.It has been shown that HbA1c level predicts prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD)and the incidence of diabetes mellitus.However,the prognostic significance of HbA1c level in Asian patients with prediabetes and CAD is not yet clear.Our study aimed to determine the relationship between HbA1c level and major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)in patients with prediabetes and CAD.Methods:We enrolled 1367 patients with prediabetes and CAD in the final analysis,and grouped them according to the HbA1c level.Primary end points included nonfatal myocardial infarction,hospitalization for unstable angina,and ischemia-driven revascularization.Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis was used to determine the relation-ship between HbA1c level and MACE after our accounting for confounding factors.Results:A total of 1367 patients(age 58.8±10.3 years;71.6%men)were included.During 43 months of follow-up,197 patients experienced at least one primary end point event.Multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression analy-sis showed in comparison of HbA1c levels that the hazard ratio for primary end points was 4.110,with a 95%confidence interval of 2.097-6.011(P<0.001).Conclusions:HbA1c level positively correlated with MACE,demonstrating it is a valuable indicator for indepen-dently predicting MACE in Asian patients with prediabetes and CAD.

The Study about Autumobile Insurance Based on Linear Empirical Bayesian Estimation

Automobile insurance is one of the most popular research areas, and there are a lot of different methods for it .We uses linear empirical Bayesian estimation for the study of automobile insurance, giving the estimator of the policy’s future claim size. Thus, a new point of view is given on the pricing of automobile insurance.

High speed laser cladding as a new approach to prepare ultra-high temperature ceramic coatings

Ultra-high temperature ceramic(UHTC)coatings are used to protect the hot-end components of hypervelocity aerocrafts from thermal ablation.This study provides a new approach to fabricate UHTC coatings with high speed laser cladding(HSLC)technology,and places more emphasis on investigating the formation mechanism,phase compositions,and mechanical properties of HSLC-UHTC coatings.Results show that a well-bonded interface between the coating and the tantalum alloy substrate can be formed.The coating is mainly composed of(Zr,Ta)C ceramic solid solution phase with a content of higher than 90% by volume and Ta(W)metal solid solution phase.At a relatively high powder feeding rate,the ZrC ceramic phase appears in the coating while a dense ZrC UHTC top layer with a thickness of up to~50μm is successfully fabricated.As for the mechanical properties of the HSLC coatings,the fracture toughness of the coating decreases with the increase of powder feeding rate.The increase of carbide solid solution phase can significantly improve the high temperature microhardness(552.7±1.8 HV0.5@1000℃).The innovative design of HSLC ZrC-based coatings on refractory alloys accomplishes continuous transitions on microstructure and properties from the substrate to the UHTC top layer,which is a very promising candidate scheme for thermal protection coating.

Engineering singlet and triplet excitons of TADF emitters by different host-guest interactions

Understanding the host-guest interactions for thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)emitters is critical because the interactions between the host matrices and TADF emitters enable precise control on the optoelectronic performance,whereas technologically manipulating the singlet and triplet excitons by using different kinds of host-guest interactions remains elusive.Here,we report a comprehensive picture that rationalizes host-guest interaction-modulated exciton recombination by using time-resolved spectroscopy.We found that the early-time relaxation is accelerated in polar polymer because dipole-dipole interaction facilitates the stabilization of the 1CT state.However,an opposite trend is observed in longer delay time,and faster decay in the less polar polymer is ascribed to theπ-πinteraction that plays the dominant role in the later stage of the excited state.Our findings highlight the technological engineering singlet and triplet excitons using different kinds of host-guest interactions based on their electronic characteristics.

Hepatocyte apoptosis fragment product cytokeratin-18 M30 level and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis risk diagnosis:an international registry study

Background:Liver biopsy for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)is limited by its inherent invasiveness and possible sampling errors.Some studies have shown that cytokeratin-18(CK-18)concentrations may be useful in diagnosing NASH,but results across studies have been inconsistent.We aimed to identify the utility of CK-18 M30 concentrations as an alternative to liver biopsy for non-invasive identification of NASH.Methods:Individual data were collected from 14 registry centers on patients with biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),and in all patients,circulating CK-18 M30 levels were measured.Individuals with a NAFLD activity score(NAS)≥5 with a score of≥1 for each of steatosis,ballooning,and lobular inflammation were diagnosed as having definite NASH;individuals with a NAS≤2 and no fibrosis were diagnosed as having non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFL).Results:A total of 2571 participants were screened,and 1008(153 with NAFL and 855 with NASH)were finally enrolled.Median CK-18 M30 levels were higher in patients with NASH than in those with NAFL(mean difference 177 U/L;standardized mean difference[SMD]:0.87[0.69–1.04]).There was an interaction between CK-18 M30 levels and serum alanine aminotransferase,body mass index(BMI),and hypertension(P<0.001,P=0.026 and P=0.049,respectively).CK-18 M30 levels were positively associated with histological NAS in most centers.The area under the receiver operating characteristics(AUROC)for NASH was 0.750(95%confidence intervals:0.714–0.787),and CK-18 M30 at Youden’s index maximum was 275.7 U/L.Both sensitivity(55%[52%–59%])and positive predictive value(59%)were not ideal.Conclusion:This large multicenter registry study shows that CK-18 M30 measurement in isolation is of limited value for non-invasively diagnosing NASH.

Construction and application of an ontology-based domain-specific knowledge graph for petroleum exploration and development

The massive amount and multi-sourced,multi-structured data in the upstream petroleum industry impose great challenge on data integration and smart application.Knowledge graph,as an emerging technology,can potentially provide a way to tackle the challenges associated with oil and gas big data.This paper proposes an engineering-based method that can improve upon traditional natural language processing to construct the domain knowledge graph based on a petroleum exploration and development ontology.The exploration and development knowledge graph is constructed by assembling Sinopec’s multi-sourced heterogeneous database,and millions of nodes.The two applications based on the constructed knowledge graph are developed and validated for effectiveness and advantages in providing better knowledge services for the oil and gas industry.

Characterization of sulfide oxidation and optimization of sulfate production by a thermophilic Paenibacillus naphthalenovorans LYH-3 isolated from sewage sludge composting

The sulfur-containing odor emitted from sludge composting could be controlled by sulfide oxidizing bacteria, yet mesophilic strains show inactivation during the thermophilic stage of composting. Aimed to investigate and characterize the thermotolerant bacterium that could oxidize sulfide into sulfate, a heterotrophic strain was isolated from sewage sludge composting and identified as Paenibacillus naphthalenovorans LYH-3. The effects of various environmental factors on sulfide oxidation capacities were studied to optimize the sulfate production, and the highest production rate (27.35%±0.86%) was obtained at pH 7.34, the rotation speed of 161.14 r/min, and the inoculation amount of 5.83%by employing BoxBehnken design. The results of serial sulfide substrates experiments indicated that strain LYH-3 could survive up to 400 mg/L of sulfide with the highest sulfide removal rate (88.79%±0.35%) obtained at 50 mg/L of sulfide. Growth kinetic analysis presented the maximum specific growth rateμm(0.5274 hr-1) after 22 hr cultivation at 50℃. The highest enzyme activities of sulfide quinone oxidoreductase (0.369±0.052 U/mg) and sulfur dioxygenase (0.255±0.014 U/mg) were both obtained at 40℃, and the highest enzyme activity of sulfite acceptor oxidoreductase (1.302±0.035 U/mg) was assessed at 50℃. The results indicated that P. naphthalenovorans possessed a rapid growth rate and efficient sulfide oxidation capacities under thermophilic conditions, promising a potential application in controlling sulfur-containing odors during the thermophilic stage of sludge composting.

Effects of persulfate-assisted hydrothermal treatment of municipal sludge on aqueous phase characteristics and phytotoxicity

Hydrothermal technology (HT) has received much attention in recent years as a process to convert wet organic waste into hydrochar.The aqueous phase (HTAP) produced by this process is still a burden and has become a bottleneck issue for HT process development.In this study,we provide the?rst investigation of the HTAP characteristics,phytotoxicity,and their correlation with persulfate (PS)(PS,2.0 mmol/g TS)-assisted municipal sludge HT.The results showed that PS accelerated the hydrolysis of protein substances and increased the concentration of NH_(4)^(+)by 13.4%to 190.5%and that of PO_(4)^(3-)by 24.2%to 1103.7%in HTAP at hydrothermal temperatures of 120 to 240℃.PS can reduce the phytotoxicity of HTAP by reducing aldehydes,ketones,N heterocyclic compounds,and particle size and by increasing its humi?cation index.The maximum values of the root length and biomass of pakchoi(Brassica chinensis L.) seedlings occurred when electrical conductivity was 0.2 mS/cm of HTAP.This work provided a new strategy for the selection and design of HTAP management strategies.

Lipid lowering effects and safety of evolocumab in Chinese patients at very high cardiovascular risk:a single-center study

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD).Even after lipid-lowering therapy(LLT)with statins or statin–ezetimibe,a large proportion of patients at very high risk still do not reach the LDL-C targets(<1.4 mmol/L and≥50%reduction).[1,2]Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor(PCSK9i)is recommended for patients at high or very high cardiovascular risk inwhom LDL-C reduction is not adequate with statin therapy or in those with statin intolerance.Limited data are available regarding the use of PCSK9i in China.

基于金属有机骨架的生物复合物抗逆性研究进展

金属有机骨架(Metal-organic frameworks,MOFs)由金属离子/簇和有机配体通过自组装形成,在催化、传感、能源和生物医药等领域有十分广泛的应用。近年来,金属有机骨架和生物活性物质结合引起了许多研究者的关注。金属有机骨架具有超大孔容、高比表面积、多样性结构组成等优势,使其可作为固定载体保护生物活性物质免受外界不良微环境的影响,包括高温、高压、有机溶剂等,从而提高生物活性物质的抗逆性。文中从金属有机骨架作为保护层提高不同种类生物活性物质抗逆性的角度进行了综述,并贯穿介绍了基于金属有机骨架的生物复合物的合成策略,旨在为相关领域的研究人员提供参考,促进基于金属有机骨架的生物复合物的实际应用。