胃肠安丸通过抑制上皮间质化抑制TNBS诱导的大鼠溃疡性结肠炎

[目的]探讨胃肠安丸对大鼠溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的抑制作用及其作用机制。[方法]建立2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)诱导的大鼠UC模型,灌胃给予胃肠安(WCA)1周;记录大鼠体重和结肠长度,进行疾病活动指数(DAI)评分和结肠黏膜损伤指数(CMDI)评分;用免疫组织化学法检测结肠病理变化。细胞水平上,考察WCA对脂多糖(LPS)刺激的THP-1细胞炎症因子表达的影响。通过免疫荧光法分别考察WCA对UC大鼠结肠组织和LPS刺激的THP-1细胞条件培养基(CM)处理的结肠上皮Caco-2细胞的上皮-间质化(EMT)标志物E-钙粘蛋白和波形蛋白的表达。[结果]WCA可以显著抑制UC大鼠体重的减轻和结肠长度的缩短,降低疾病相关的DAI和CMDI评分,改善结肠病理损伤;UC结肠组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性和细胞因子表达的上升已被明显抑制。在THP-1细胞中,WCA及其活性成分可以显著抑制LPS诱导的干扰素诱导蛋白10(IP-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-6和NF-κB抑制剂(IkBα)mRNA水平的表达。在UC大鼠和CM刺激的Caco-2细胞中E-钙粘蛋白表达下调,波形蛋白表达上调,给予WCA治疗处理后,上述EMT现象被明显抑制。[结论]本研究表明,WCA可以通过抑制炎症诱导的结肠EMT减轻大鼠UC的发展。

通脉养心丸对心肌缺血再灌注大鼠心室重构的影响

[目的]本研究旨在确定通脉养心丸(TM)是否可以进一步缓解心室重构(VR)。探索潜在的机制。[方法]建立大鼠心肌缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤模型后,将大鼠分为7组,分别为对照组、假手术组、I/R组、TM(1 g/kg)组、TM(2 g/kg)组、TM(4 g/kg)组和通心络胶囊(TXL)组。在给药后第3天和第28天进行实验。通过超声检测心脏结构和功能。2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色观察心肌缺血面积。通过苏木精-伊红染色进行心脏病理学评估。采用全自动生化分析仪和试剂盒分别检测心肌酶活性和氧化活性。Masson染色用于检测胶原化程度。通过ELISA检测炎症和心肌纤维化相关蛋白的表达水平。[结果]给药3天后,TM改善了心脏功能和形态。有效改善I/R大鼠心肌梗死面积,抑制心肌酶的异常活性,显著降低超氧化物歧化酶活性和CRP、TNF-α以及IL-1β蛋白表达。它抑制氧化应激和炎症的爆发,减少心肌病理损伤。给药28天后,TM改善心功能,抑制心室扩张,改善心室壁厚度,显著降低CTGF、MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白表达,降低心肌纤维化程度。[结论]TM可有效缩小梗死面积,改善心脏结构和功能,降低心肌胶原化程度,进一步缓解VR。具体机制涉及早期抑制炎症反应和晚期缓解心肌纤维化。

SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age, fitho- and biostratigraphic analyses of the Huaiyu Domain in South China,— Evidence for a Neoproterozoic orogen, not Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic collision

In the last few decades, the Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic tectonic evolution of South China has been quite controversial. The focus of debate is on both the age of ophiolites and the Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic geological and geodynamic environment. The Huaiyu Domain is located in the NE part of South China and exposes numerous significant geological features that are keys to understand the tectonics of South China. In this paper, we present some new evidence on stratigraphy, petrology and SHRIMP zircon U-Pb geochronology, and together with other geological and geochemical data available in the literature, and the following conclusions are suggested： 1） The eastern Jiangnan ophiolites belt, dated at 858±11 Ma by SHRIMP zircon U-Pb method, was generated during the Neoproterozoic, but not the Late Paleozoic; 2） The sedimentary rocks associated with these oceanic rocks do not contain radiolarians but Neoproterozoic acritarchs; 3） During Permian-Early Triassic times, the Huaiyu Domain was dominantly characterized by a shallow sea depositional environment since deep sea sediments are absent; and 4） The pre-Devonian tectonics of South China has been reworked by late polyphase tectonism through the Triassic and the Cretaceous periods. A Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic deep marine domain floored by oceanic crust never existed in the study area. The geochronological and structural data do not comply with a Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic South China Ocean.

Large Room-Temperature Magnetoresistance in van der Waals Ferromagnet/Semiconductor Junctions

A magnetic tunnel junction(MTJ)is the core component in memory technologies,such as the magnetic random-access memory,magnetic sensors and programmable logic devices.In particular,MTJs based on twodimensional van der Waals(vd W)heterostructures offer unprecedented opportunities for low power consumption and miniaturization of spintronic devices.However,their operation at room temperature remains a challenge.Here,we report a large tunnel magnetoresistance(TMR)of up to 85%at room temperature(T=300 K)in vdW MTJs based on a thin(<10 nm)semiconductor spacer WSe_(2)layer embedded between two Fe_(3)GaTe_(2e)lectrodes with intrinsic above-room-temperature ferromagnetism.The TMR in the MTJ increases with decreasing temperature up to 164%at T=10 K.The demonstration of TMR in ultra-thin MTJs at room temperature opens a realistic and promising route for next-generation spintronic applications beyond the current state of the art.

Clinical medical decision-making of acute aortic intramural hematoma: A non-randomized retrospective case study

Objective:This study explored the timing of interventional treatment for acute intramural aortic hematoma(IMH)and the corresponding high-risk factors for its development into local aortic dissection(AD).Method:This retrospective case study method examined clinical follow-up data of 42 patients with acute IMH between April 2013 and October 2016 from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi?an Jiaotong University.SPSS 17.0 and PPMS1.5 were used to analyze follow-up data spanning 3–12 months(mean,7.5?3.7 months).Results:Patients were divided into the conversion group and the hematoma group according to whether they developed AD.Among them,16 patients(38.1%)developed AD and were treated with thoracic endovascular aortic repair(TEVAR).The remaining patients(61.89%)were treated conservatively.After 1 week,the mean aortic diameter of the conversion versus hematoma group was significantly widened.Hemodynamically unstable patients and those with hematoma to the abdominal aorta extension were more likely to develop AD.Patient outcomes after TEVAR were similar between groups.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that aortic isthmus diameter!3.0 cm,hematoma extending to the abdominal aorta,and hemodynamic instability are associated with AD development in acute IMH patents.TEVAR should be considered if hematoma thickening,calcification ingression,ulcer progression,or contrast enhancement within the intramural hematoma is noted beyond 2 weeks after IMH onset.

Effects of CO2 Enrichment on Yield,Soluble Solid Content and Downy Mildew of Greenhouse Grape

With‘Victoria'grape as a material,the effects of increasing 1200 mg/L of CO_2 on yield,soluble solid content and downy mildew of grape were studied in greenhouse.The results showed that when CO_2 was increased at a rate of 1200 mg/L in greenhouse,‘Victoria'fruit was harvested 8 d in advance,and compared with no increase of CO_2,the transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter,average single grain weight,commodity fruit yield at early stage and total yield of commodity fruit increased by 35.07%,7.37%,17.39%,24.88%,46.14% and 20.61%,respectively,with very significant differences.The incidence and disease index of grape downy mildew decreased by more than 50%,indicating a significant control effect.Therefore,increasing CO_2 in greenhouse could bring forward grape harvest,significantly improve yield and soluble solids content of grape and reduce the incidence of grape downy mildew.

Simulation Analysis of a New Type of Bionic Digging Shovel Based on DEM

The performance of a digging shovel mainly depends on the style of the shovel, while the conventional experiment methods always suffer from the problems of high lost and long period. Aiming at these problems and the characteristic that soil is composed of countless small particles, dynamic simulation analysis was performed on the resistance to a bionic digging shovel and crushing rate of the soil during the normal working process of the bionic digging shovel by EDEM through numerical simulation, calculation and comparison. The results showed that compared with the ordinary shovel, the average drag-reducing rate in the X direction was 10.41%, and the average drag-reducing rate in the Y direction was 16.28%, and the soil crushing rate was improved by 2.67%. Therefore, the bionic digging shovel has certain superiority and extension value in structure and performance. Moreover, this analysis case fully demonstrates the unique advantage of DEM method and its generalizability, and provides certain reference for similar studies.

对校园暴力说“不”

在本刊微信公众平台举办的“Budding Writers”的多篇来稿中，编辑部精挑细选出10篇上乘佳作，从本年度第二期开始陆续刊登。奇文共欣赏，疑义相与析。希望能有更多读者拿起笔，以书写传递心声，用文字记录生活。

十枣汤急性毒性及抗肿瘤疗效评价

本研究旨在评价十枣汤(SZD)对KM小鼠的急性毒性及抗肿瘤活性,为安全用药提供参考,并对抗肿瘤效应进行初步评价。试验中,SPF级KM小鼠分别ig给予一定量的生理盐水(空白对照)和SZD,测定其半数致死量(LD_(50)),评价其对小鼠的毒性。另选取SPF级SD大鼠,ig给予SZD,制备SZD含药学清(MS);MTT法、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力检测,甲基纤维素克隆形成实验,流式细胞术等检测SZD-MS对肿瘤细胞增殖抑制及诱导凋亡情况。毒性测试结果显示,小鼠无死亡,无法得出SZD的LD_(50)。与空白对照组比较,血液的生化学指标显示,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);H&E检测结果显示,SZD对小鼠的肝、肾功能有一定的损伤。抗肿瘤作用结果显示:与溶剂对照组比较,SZD-MS对5种肿瘤细胞的增殖均有一定的抑制作用(P<0.05,P<0.01);SZD-MS对H22细胞LDH释放增加(P<0.05);细胞克隆的形成力度下降(P<0.05,P<0.01);细胞的凋亡率增加(P<0.01)。研究表明,SZD经口最大给药量为每只小鼠0.8 m L/d,约相当于成人日剂量的120倍,毒性较小,安全性良好;且有较好的抗腹水瘤活性。

我国生活垃圾填埋场恶臭污染控制相关标准的思考和建议

填埋是全球垃圾处理处置的主要方式之一^([1]).在我国,随着生活垃圾分类制度的实施,原生垃圾填埋占比逐渐降低,但在部分地区,填埋仍是生活垃圾无害化处理的主要方式.2021年全国城市生活垃圾卫生填埋量约占无害化处理量的21%,西部和东北部分地区的占比高于40%^([2]),县城生活垃圾卫生填埋量的占比则高达57%^([3]).此外,存量填埋设施是我国生态环境新的风险点.

Regeneration of commercial selective catalyst reduction catalysts deactivated by Pb and other inorganic elements

The regeneration of commercial SCR（Selective Catalyst Reduction） catalysts deactivated by Pb and other elements was studied.The deactivated catalyst samples were prepared by chemical impregnation with mixed solution containing K_2SO_4,Na_2SO_4,CaSO_4,Pb（NO_3）_2and NH_4H_2PO_4.A novel method combining Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt（EDTA-2Na） and H_2SO_4solution（viz.catalysts treated by dilute EDTA-2Na and H_2SO_4 solution in sequence） was used to recover the activity of deactivated samples,and the effect was compared with single H_2SO_4,oxalic acid,acetic acid,EDTA or HNO_3 solutions.The surface structure,acidity and reducibility of samples were characterized by N_2adsorption–desorption,inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer（ICP-OES）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,X-ray fluorescence（XRF）,H-2-temperature programmed section（H_2-TPR）,NH3-temperature programmed desorption（NH3-TPD） and in situ DRIFTS.Impurities caused a decrease of specific surface area and surface reducibility,as well as Br？nsted acid sites,and therefore led to severe deactivation of the SCR catalyst.The use of an acid solution alone possibly eliminated the impurities on the deactivated catalyst to some extent,and also increased the specific surface area and Br？nsted acid sites and promoted the surface reducibility,thus recovered the activity partially.The combination of EDTA-2Na and H_2SO_4 could remove most of the impurities and improve the activity significantly.The removal of Pb should be an important factor for regeneration.Due to a high removal rate for Pb and other impurities,the combination of EDTA-2Na and H_2SO_4 solutions provided the best efficiency.

Catalytic performance of Zr-doped CuO-CeO2 oxides for CO selective oxidation in H2-rich stream

Zr-doped CuO-CeO2 catalysts for CO selective oxidation were designed and prepared by the hydrothermal method and coprecipitation. The experimental samples were characterized by means of N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, powder X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is observed that the catalyst prepared by hydrothermal method exhibits larger specific surface area, smaller crystalline size and higher dispersion of active components compared with those of the catalyst obtained by coprecipitation. Meanwhile, redox properties of copper oxide are improved significantly and highly dispersed copper species providing CO oxidation sites are present on the surface. Furthermore, adsorptive centers of CO and active oxygen species increase on the copper-ceria interfaces. The Zr-doped CuO-CeO2 catalyst prepared by hydrothermal method possesses superior catalytic activity and selectivity for selective oxidation of CO at low temperature compared with those of the sample prepared by coprecipitation. The temperature corresponding to 50% CO conversion is only 73 ℃ and the temperature span of total CO conversion is expanded from 120 to 160 ℃.

Evolution of Miocene organic reefs and functions of algae's reef-making in Xisha Islands

The data of lithology, mineralogy, lithochemistry, palaeoorganism-palaeoecology of 455.25 m cores from Xichen-1 well have been obtained, the characteristics, types, models of fossil taphonomy and reef-making actions about different communities of 9 genera and 43 species algae have been discussed, and the evolution process of algae’ s ecologic system

Microsoft Concept Graph:Mining Semantic Concepts for Short Text Understanding

Knowlege is important for text-related applications.In this paper,we introduce Microsoft Concept Graph,a knowledge graph engine that provides concept tagging APIs to facilitate the understanding of human languages.Microsoft Concept Graph is built upon Probase,a universal probabilistic taxonomy consisting of instances and concepts mined from the Web.We start by introducing the construction of the knowledge graph through iterative semantic extraction and taxonomy construction procedures,which extract 2.7 million concepts from 1.68 billion Web pages.We then use conceptualization models to represent text in the concept space to empower text-related applications,such as topic search,query recommendation,Web table understanding and Ads relevance.Since the release in 2016,Microsoft Concept Graph has received more than 100,000 pageviews,2 million API calls and 3,000 registered downloads from 50,000 visitors over 64 countries.

GSH-induced chemotaxis nanomotors for cancer treatment by ferroptosis strategy

Overexpression of glutathione(GSH) in tumor cells greatly inhibits the therapy effect of traditional ferroptosis inducers;thus,control of the GSH level is an important way to improve the efficacy of ferroptosis.Herein,a kind of nanomotor based on metal organic framework material NH_(2)-MIL-101 is constructed,in which polyethylene glycol(PEG) and glutathione hydrolase γ-glutamyltransferase(GGT) are asymmetrically modified to obtain mPEG@MIL-101@GGT nanomotors(PMG NMs).The nanomotor proposed in this article can be induced by overexpressing GSH in tumors to form chemotactic effects through the specific affinity between enzymes and substrates.Results indicate that the tail structure provided by PEG and the affinity between GGT and GSH can enable the stable chemotaxis behavior of nanomotors in a complex environment,thus enriching and penetrating deeply at the tumor site.In addition,after loading the ferroptosis inducer Erastin,the system shows a highly effective induction effect of tumor ferroptosis.Erastin in the system can effectively inhibit the synthesis of GSH,and PMG NMS can react with GSH through Fe^(3+)and GGT to promote GSH depletion.The produced Fe^(2+)can generate excessive reactive oxygen species through Fenton reaction,which further promotes the death of tumor cells.Meantime,the chemotaxis behavior of the nanomotors based on the endogenous biochemical reaction of GGT-catalyzed GSH hydrolysis can endow nanomotors with the enhanced delivery and penetration ability in tumors,thus collaboratively enhancing the ferroptosis effect.This strategy designed according to the physiological characteristics of tumors has good biosafety and treatment effect,providing new perspectives for micro/nanomotor and tumor treatment.

Topologically protected long-range coherent energy transfer

The realization of robust coherent energy transfer with a long range from a donor to an acceptor has many important applications in the field of quantum optics.However,it is hard to be realized using conventional schemes.Here,we demonstrate theoretically that robust energy transfer can be achieved using a photonic crystal platform,which includes the topologically protected edge state and zero-dimensional topological corner cavities.When the donor and the acceptor are put into a pair of separated topological cavities,the energy transfer between them can be fulfilled with the assistance of the topologically protected interface state.Such an energy transfer is robust against various kinds of defects,and can also occur over very long distances,which is very beneficial for biological detections,sensors,quantum information science,and so on.

Promotion mechanism of self-transmissible degradative plasmid transfer in maize rhizosphere and its application in naphthalene degradation in soil

Rhizospheres can promote self-transmissible plasmid transfer,however,the corresponding mechanism has not received much attention.Plant-microbe remediation is an effective way to promote pollutant biodegradation;however,some pollutants,such as naphthalene,are harmful to plants and result in inefficient plant-microbe remediation.In this study,trans-fer of a TOL-like plasmid,a self-transmissible plasmid loaded with genetic determinants for pollutant degradation,among different bacteria was examined in bulk and rhizosphere soils as well as addition of maize root exudate and its artificial root exudate(ARE).The results showed that the numbers of transconjugants and recipients as well as bacterial metabolic activities,such as xylE mRNA expression levels and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase(C23O)activ-ities of bacteria,remained high in rhizosphere soils,when compared with bulk soils.The number of transconjugants and bacterial metabolic activities increased with the increasing exudate and ARE concentrations,whereas the populations of donor and recipient bacteria were substantially unaltered at all concentrations.All the experiments consistently showed that a certain number of bacteria is required for self-transmissible plasmid transfer,and that the increased plasmid transfer might predominantly be owing to bacterial metabolic activ-ity stimulated by root exudates and ARE.Furthermore,ARE addition increased naphthalene degradation by transconjugants in both culture medium and soil.Thus,the combined action of a wide variety of components in ARE might contribute to the increased plasmid transfer and naphthalene degradation.These findings suggest that ARE could be an effectively al-ternative for plant-microbe remediation of pollutants in environments where plants cannot survive.

ARHGEF38 as a novel biomarker to predict aggressive prostate cancer

Prostate cancer(PCa)metastasis is considered the leading cause of cancer death in males.Therapeutic strategies and diagnosis for stage-specific PCa have not been well understood.Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 38(ARHGEF38)is related to tumor cell polarization and is frequently expressed in PCa.Microarray data of PCa were downloaded from GEO and TCGA databases.A total of 243 DEGs were screened,of which,32 genes were upregulated.The results of enrichment analysis showed the participation of these DEGs in the tumor cell metastasis pathway.ARHGEF38 was significantly up-regulated in the four most prevalent cancers worldwide(p<0.05),and its expression was higher in the tumor samples with higher Gleason score(GS).IHC,qRT-PCR,and western-blot analyses showed the higher expression of ARHGEF38 in PCa than benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).In addition,IHC results demonstrated a higher expression of ARHGEF38 in high-grade PCa than the low-grade PCa.

The monkey microbial biobank brings previously uncultivated bioresources for nonhuman primate and human gut microbiomes

Impact statement Nonhuman primates(NHPs)such as monkeys are the closest living relatives to humans and are the best available models for causative studies of human health and diseases.Gut microbiomes are intensively involved in host health.In this study,by large-scale cultivation of microbes from fecal samples of monkeys,we obtained previously uncultured bacterial species and constructed a Macaca fascicularis Gut Microbial Biobank(MfGMB).The MfGMB consisted of 250 strains that represent 97 species of 63 genera,25 families,and 4 phyla.The information of the 250 strains and the genomes of 97 cultured species are publicly accessible.The MfGMB represented nearly 50% of core gut microbial compositions at the genus level and covered over 80% of the KO-based known gut microbiome functions of M.fascicularis.Data mining showed that the bacterial species in the MfGMB were prevalent not only in NHPs gut microbiomes but also in human gut microbiomes.This study will help the understanding and future investigations on how gut microbiomes interact with their mammalian hosts.