Test for the deep:magnetic loading characterization of elastomers under extreme hydrostatic pressures

Soft robot incarnates its unique advantages in deep-sea exploration,but grapples with high hydrostatic pressure’s unpredictable impact on its mechanical performances.In our previous work,a self-powered soft robot showed excellent work performance in the Mariana Trench at a depth of 11000 m,yet experienced notable degradation in deforming capability.Here,we propose a magnetic loading method for characterizing elastomer’s mechanical properties under extremely high hydrostatic pressure of up to 120 MPa.This method facilitates remote loading and enables in-situ observation,so that the dimensions and deformation at high hydrostatic pressure are obtained and used for calculations.The results reveal that the Young’s modulus of Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)monotonously increases with pressure.It is found that the relative increase in Young’s modulus is determined by its initial value,which is 8% for an initial Young’s modulus of 2200 kPa and 38% for 660 kPa.The relation between initial Young’s modulus and relevant increase can be fitted by an exponential function.The bulk modulus of PDMS is about 1.4 GPa at 20℃ and is barely affected by hydrostatic pressure.The method can quantify alterations in the mechanical properties of elastomers induced by hydrostatic pressure,and provide guidance for the design of soft robots which serve in extreme pressure environment.

视力表的历史、现状与发展趋势

视觉是人类最重要的感觉之一。视锐度反映了视觉系统辨别空间细节的能力, 是临床实践中最常用的视功能评估指标。视力表是使用最广的视锐度测量工具。笔者回顾了国内外视力表的发展历程, 简述了早期糖尿病视网膜病变治疗研究视力表和标准对数视力表的设计原理和计分规则。由于传统视力表自身的精度限制, 其在视力普查和儿童青少年近视防控工作中的局限性也日益凸显, 电子视力表代替传统视力表正逐渐成为趋势。笔者分析了当前不同电子视力表的硬件特性、软件算法逻辑和测量结果, 发现显示屏的分辨率和尺寸、程序的测量和计分规则等多种参数设置的不统一可能会造成不同设备测量视力的结果不具有可比性。研发规范化的新型电子视力表势在必行。