This study aimed to clarify the immediate effect that trunk muscle exercise has on muscle reaction time, and to clarify the effect of 2-week exercise on muscle reaction time. The study showed that as for immediate eff...This study aimed to clarify the immediate effect that trunk muscle exercise has on muscle reaction time, and to clarify the effect of 2-week exercise on muscle reaction time. The study showed that as for immediate effects, the muscle reaction time was significantly shortened in the TrA/OI (transversus abdominis muscle/obliquus internus muscle) of two exercise groups. However, the immediate effect seen before the 2-week trunk muscle exercise intervention disappeared after the intervention. In addition, trunk muscle exercise intervention for 2 weeks significantly shortened the muscle reaction time of TrA/OI in one exercise group. Furthermore, shortening of the muscle reaction time was also observed in the MF (multifidus muscle) of both exercise groups. The factors affecting the muscle reaction time of TrA observed in this study were considered to be an improvement of neuromuscular function by the central nervous system. It was also considered that 2-week exercise intervention has a lower value after 2 weeks due to an improvement of neuromuscular function by the central nervous system, and an immediate effect could not be obtained with the same exercise as at the time of intervention.展开更多
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive cancers and its high metastatic potential has a large impact on the number of melanoma deaths.The pathological diagnosis is still the gold standard for melanoma and immunohistoch...Melanoma is one of the most aggressive cancers and its high metastatic potential has a large impact on the number of melanoma deaths.The pathological diagnosis is still the gold standard for melanoma and immunohistochemistry plays an important role in discriminating between melanomas.Recently,emerging molecular knowledge may lead to further identification of clinically relevant biomarkers,such as S100B,MIA,TA-90IC,5-S-CD,SPARC,CSPG4,HSP105,IMP3,KIF2A,mi R-221,YKL-40,some cancer stem cells(CD133,Nestin,CD166,CD20,CD271)and some monoclonal antibodies(KBA62,PNL2),for malignant melanoma detection,risk stratification and prediction/prognosis.However,all of the current main markers have some shortcomings.For example,all markers have limitations in sensitivity and specificity,even the first-line marker,S100 protein.So,sometimes,many of the classification criteria that have been proposed show considerable overlap,making it difficult to categorize cases reproducibly,based on histopathological criteria alone.Besides that,the increased expression of some proteins in melanomas suggests that there are abnormal proteins synthesized due to the genetic pathway.Therefore,we expect that there will be more instrumental breakthroughs in the abnormal gene field,especially with respect to gene mutation.Ultimately,novel melanoma biomarkers could be found and gradually become targeted treatment strategies for a poor prognosis in advanced melanoma in the near future.展开更多
We examined the effect of a combination of astaxanthin （AX） supplementation, repeated heat stress, and intermittent reloading （IR） on satellite cells in unloaded rat soleus muscles. Forty-nine male Wistar rats （8...We examined the effect of a combination of astaxanthin （AX） supplementation, repeated heat stress, and intermittent reloading （IR） on satellite cells in unloaded rat soleus muscles. Forty-nine male Wistar rats （8-week-old） were divided into control, hind-limb unweighting （HU）, IR during HU, IR with AX supplementation, IR with repeated heat stress （41.0-41.5 ℃ for 30 min）, and IR with AX supplementation and repeated heat stress groups. After the experimental period, the antigravitational soleus muscle was analyzed using an immunohistochemical technique. Our results revealed that the combination of dietary AX supplementation and heat stress resulted in protection against disuse muscle atrophy in the soteus muscle. This protective effect may be partially due to a higher satellite cell number in the atrophied soleus muscle in the IR/AX/heat stress group compared with the numbers found in the other groups. We concluded that the combination treatment with dietary AX supplementation and repeated heat stress attenuates soleus muscle atrophy, in part by increasing the number of satellite cells.展开更多
Edible birds’nests(EBNs)have traditionally been produced in Southeast Asia.Indonesian farmers construct buildings for swiftlets and harvest their nests.EBN farming does not directly degrade forest resources and is th...Edible birds’nests(EBNs)have traditionally been produced in Southeast Asia.Indonesian farmers construct buildings for swiftlets and harvest their nests.EBN farming does not directly degrade forest resources and is therefore considered a sustainable means of production,whereas the expansion of other agricultural activities often relies on the degradation of natural resources.This study examines the relationship between natural resources and agricultural livelihoods,focusing on Indonesian EBN farmers.Using survey data that we collected in 2017,combined with satellite information on the extent of the forest in Central Kalimantan,Indonesia,we measured production efficiency and identified the natural and social factors that enhance production performance.The results show that a forest extent ranging between 2,000 and 6,000 meters from nesting building is positively associated with the production efficiency of EBN farming,perhaps because extensive forest could help swiftlets to collect food and build nests.Conversely,while EBN farming is a sustainable and profitable option,the initial costs of constructing buildings to house swiftlets may deter farmers from participating in the process.展开更多
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic,decreased volumes of stroke admissions and mechanical thrombectomy were reported.The study’s objective was to examine whether subarachnoid haemorrhage(SAH)hospitalisations and ...Background During the COVID-19 pandemic,decreased volumes of stroke admissions and mechanical thrombectomy were reported.The study’s objective was to examine whether subarachnoid haemorrhage(SAH)hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions demonstrated similar declines.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional,retrospective,observational study across 6 continents,37 countries and 140 comprehensive stroke centres.Patients with the diagnosis of SAH,aneurysmal SAH,ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions and COVID-19 were identified by prospective aneurysm databases or by International Classification of Diseases,10th Revision,codes.The 3-month cumulative volume,monthly volumes for SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling procedures were compared for the period before(1 year and immediately before)and during the pandemic,defined as 1 March-31 May 2020.The prior 1-year control period(1 March-31 May 2019)was obtained to account for seasonal variation.Findings There was a significant decline in SAH hospitalisations,with 2044 admissions in the 3 months immediately before and 1585 admissions during the pandemic,representing a relative decline of 22.5%(95%CI−24.3%to−20.7%,p<0.0001).Embolisation of ruptured aneurysms declined with 1170-1035 procedures,respectively,representing an 11.5%(95%CI−13.5%to−9.8%,p=0.002)relative drop.Subgroup analysis was noted for aneurysmal SAH hospitalisation decline from 834 to 626 hospitalisations,a 24.9%relative decline(95%CI−28.0%to−22.1%,p<0.0001).A relative increase in ruptured aneurysm coiling was noted in low coiling volume hospitals of 41.1%(95%CI 32.3%to 50.6%,p=0.008)despite a decrease in SAH admissions in this tertile.Interpretation There was a relative decrease in the volume of SAH hospitalisations,aneurysmal SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm embolisations during the COVID-19 pandemic.These findings in SAH are consistent with a decrease in other emergencies,such as stroke and myocardial infarction.展开更多
文摘This study aimed to clarify the immediate effect that trunk muscle exercise has on muscle reaction time, and to clarify the effect of 2-week exercise on muscle reaction time. The study showed that as for immediate effects, the muscle reaction time was significantly shortened in the TrA/OI (transversus abdominis muscle/obliquus internus muscle) of two exercise groups. However, the immediate effect seen before the 2-week trunk muscle exercise intervention disappeared after the intervention. In addition, trunk muscle exercise intervention for 2 weeks significantly shortened the muscle reaction time of TrA/OI in one exercise group. Furthermore, shortening of the muscle reaction time was also observed in the MF (multifidus muscle) of both exercise groups. The factors affecting the muscle reaction time of TrA observed in this study were considered to be an improvement of neuromuscular function by the central nervous system. It was also considered that 2-week exercise intervention has a lower value after 2 weeks due to an improvement of neuromuscular function by the central nervous system, and an immediate effect could not be obtained with the same exercise as at the time of intervention.
文摘Melanoma is one of the most aggressive cancers and its high metastatic potential has a large impact on the number of melanoma deaths.The pathological diagnosis is still the gold standard for melanoma and immunohistochemistry plays an important role in discriminating between melanomas.Recently,emerging molecular knowledge may lead to further identification of clinically relevant biomarkers,such as S100B,MIA,TA-90IC,5-S-CD,SPARC,CSPG4,HSP105,IMP3,KIF2A,mi R-221,YKL-40,some cancer stem cells(CD133,Nestin,CD166,CD20,CD271)and some monoclonal antibodies(KBA62,PNL2),for malignant melanoma detection,risk stratification and prediction/prognosis.However,all of the current main markers have some shortcomings.For example,all markers have limitations in sensitivity and specificity,even the first-line marker,S100 protein.So,sometimes,many of the classification criteria that have been proposed show considerable overlap,making it difficult to categorize cases reproducibly,based on histopathological criteria alone.Besides that,the increased expression of some proteins in melanomas suggests that there are abnormal proteins synthesized due to the genetic pathway.Therefore,we expect that there will be more instrumental breakthroughs in the abnormal gene field,especially with respect to gene mutation.Ultimately,novel melanoma biomarkers could be found and gradually become targeted treatment strategies for a poor prognosis in advanced melanoma in the near future.
基金Project supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)KA-KENHI(Nos.20500578 and 17K01765)the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology(MEXT)-Supported Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities
文摘We examined the effect of a combination of astaxanthin （AX） supplementation, repeated heat stress, and intermittent reloading （IR） on satellite cells in unloaded rat soleus muscles. Forty-nine male Wistar rats （8-week-old） were divided into control, hind-limb unweighting （HU）, IR during HU, IR with AX supplementation, IR with repeated heat stress （41.0-41.5 ℃ for 30 min）, and IR with AX supplementation and repeated heat stress groups. After the experimental period, the antigravitational soleus muscle was analyzed using an immunohistochemical technique. Our results revealed that the combination of dietary AX supplementation and heat stress resulted in protection against disuse muscle atrophy in the soteus muscle. This protective effect may be partially due to a higher satellite cell number in the atrophied soleus muscle in the IR/AX/heat stress group compared with the numbers found in the other groups. We concluded that the combination treatment with dietary AX supplementation and repeated heat stress attenuates soleus muscle atrophy, in part by increasing the number of satellite cells.
基金This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI[Grant Number JP19H04340].
文摘Edible birds’nests(EBNs)have traditionally been produced in Southeast Asia.Indonesian farmers construct buildings for swiftlets and harvest their nests.EBN farming does not directly degrade forest resources and is therefore considered a sustainable means of production,whereas the expansion of other agricultural activities often relies on the degradation of natural resources.This study examines the relationship between natural resources and agricultural livelihoods,focusing on Indonesian EBN farmers.Using survey data that we collected in 2017,combined with satellite information on the extent of the forest in Central Kalimantan,Indonesia,we measured production efficiency and identified the natural and social factors that enhance production performance.The results show that a forest extent ranging between 2,000 and 6,000 meters from nesting building is positively associated with the production efficiency of EBN farming,perhaps because extensive forest could help swiftlets to collect food and build nests.Conversely,while EBN farming is a sustainable and profitable option,the initial costs of constructing buildings to house swiftlets may deter farmers from participating in the process.
文摘Background During the COVID-19 pandemic,decreased volumes of stroke admissions and mechanical thrombectomy were reported.The study’s objective was to examine whether subarachnoid haemorrhage(SAH)hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions demonstrated similar declines.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional,retrospective,observational study across 6 continents,37 countries and 140 comprehensive stroke centres.Patients with the diagnosis of SAH,aneurysmal SAH,ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions and COVID-19 were identified by prospective aneurysm databases or by International Classification of Diseases,10th Revision,codes.The 3-month cumulative volume,monthly volumes for SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling procedures were compared for the period before(1 year and immediately before)and during the pandemic,defined as 1 March-31 May 2020.The prior 1-year control period(1 March-31 May 2019)was obtained to account for seasonal variation.Findings There was a significant decline in SAH hospitalisations,with 2044 admissions in the 3 months immediately before and 1585 admissions during the pandemic,representing a relative decline of 22.5%(95%CI−24.3%to−20.7%,p<0.0001).Embolisation of ruptured aneurysms declined with 1170-1035 procedures,respectively,representing an 11.5%(95%CI−13.5%to−9.8%,p=0.002)relative drop.Subgroup analysis was noted for aneurysmal SAH hospitalisation decline from 834 to 626 hospitalisations,a 24.9%relative decline(95%CI−28.0%to−22.1%,p<0.0001).A relative increase in ruptured aneurysm coiling was noted in low coiling volume hospitals of 41.1%(95%CI 32.3%to 50.6%,p=0.008)despite a decrease in SAH admissions in this tertile.Interpretation There was a relative decrease in the volume of SAH hospitalisations,aneurysmal SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm embolisations during the COVID-19 pandemic.These findings in SAH are consistent with a decrease in other emergencies,such as stroke and myocardial infarction.
