Raman spectroscopy for the diagnosis of unlabeled and unstained histopathological tissue specimens

AIM To investigate the possibility of diagnosing gastric cancer from an unstained pathological tissue using Raman spectroscopy, and to compare the findings to those obtained with conventional histopathology. METHODS We produced two consecutive tissue specimens from areas with and without cancer lesions in the surgically resected stomach of a patient with gastric cancer. One of the two tissue specimens was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and used as a reference for laser irradiation positioning by the spectroscopic method. The other specimen was left unstained and used for Raman spectroscopy analysis. RESULTS A significant Raman scattering spectrum could be obtained at all measurement points. Raman scattering spectrum intensities of 725 cm^(-1) and 782 cm^(-1), are associated with the nucleotides adenine and cytosine, respectively. The Raman scattering spectrum intensity ratios of 782 cm^(-1)/620 cm^(-1), 782 cm^(-1)/756 cm^(-1), 782 cm^(-1)/1250 cm^(-1), and 782 cm^(-1)/1263 cm^(-1) in the gastric adenocarcinoma tissue were significantly higher than those in the normal stomach tissue.CONCLUSION The results of this preliminary experiment suggest the feasibility of our spectroscopic method as a diagnostic tool for gastric cancer using unstained pathological specimens.

Genetic variations in triple-negative breast cancers undergoing neo-adjuvant chemotherapy

Aim:Triple negative breast cancer(TNBC)is known as aggressive subtype and have no identified targeted therapies.We examined the relationship of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response to genetic variations of TNBC.Methods:The tumors used in this study were collected from Showa University Hospital,Japan.Thirteen formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumors from Japanese TNBC patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy were used for analysis.Of these,eight surgically resected tumors showed progressive disease and/or recurrence after treatment(PD/REC),and biopsy tissues from five patients showing pathological complete response(pCR)were analyzed.DNA extracted from tissue sample were analyzed.The Miseq system and Trusight Tumor Sequence panel kit were used to sequence 174 amplicons over 82 exons of 26 cancer-related genes to identify genetic mutations.Results:Seven somatic non-synonymous variants were detected in three genes(FOXL2,PIK3CA,and TP53)in all five pCR patients,and six somatic non-synonymous variants in two genes(PTEN and TP53)were detected in six of eight PD/REC patients.Eight of 13 TNBC tumors were found to have TP53 pathogenic variants,in both pCR and PD/REC cases.Conclusion:Although TP53 variation was detected in both pCR and PD/REC cases,each location and type of the variant were different.We could not identify genetic mutations associated with chemotherapy response and recurrence.