Secondary batteries are widely used in energy storage equipment.To obtain high-performance batteries,the development and utilization of electrode materials with cheap price and ideal theoretical gravimetric and volume...Secondary batteries are widely used in energy storage equipment.To obtain high-performance batteries,the development and utilization of electrode materials with cheap price and ideal theoretical gravimetric and volumetric specific capacities have become particularly important.Naturally abundant and low-cost red phosphorus(RP)is recognized as an anode material with great promise because it has a theoretical capacity of 2596 mA h g^(-1) in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,owing to the inferior discharging,the capacity of pure RP has a fast decay.Nanoconfinement of RP nanoparticles within porous carbon framework is one of the efficient methods to overcome these problems.In this review,we introduce the recent progress of RP confinement into carbon matrix as an energy storage anode material in LIBs,SIBs and potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).The synthetic strategies,lithiation/sodia tion/potassiation mechanism,and the electrochemical performances of RP/carbon composites(RP/C)with kinds of designed structures and P-C and P-O-C bond by kinds of methods are included.Finally,the challenges and perspectives of RP faced in the application development as anodes for LIBs/SIBs/PIBs are covered.This review will strengthen the understanding of composites of RP nanoparticles in porous carbon materials and aid researchers to carry out future work rationally.展开更多
A broadband T/R frond-end of active holographic imaging system is presented. Compact autodyne mode circuit structure front-end is adopted to achieve higher signal to noise ratio and higher reliability, which is benefi...A broadband T/R frond-end of active holographic imaging system is presented. Compact autodyne mode circuit structure front-end is adopted to achieve higher signal to noise ratio and higher reliability, which is beneficial to the after-end imagining. The factors that influence the dynamic range and the transverse resolution ratio of holographic imaging system have been analyzed. Wide-band oscillator, wide-band low noise amplifier and the tapered slot antennas are implemented to meet the requirements of the holographic imagining system. According to the measured results, the output power is uniform in the broadband working frequency. The sub-harmonic suppression is better than 25 dBc from the frequency of 28 GHz to 33 GHz. The isolation between antennas channel is greater than 20 dB. The experimental result shows that the performance of the front-end is good enough to meet the needs of active millimeter-wave holographic imaging system.展开更多
Recently,S-scheme heterojunctions have gained considerable attention in the field of photocatalytic environmental remediation as their potential to achieve efficient spatial charge separation coupled with strong redox...Recently,S-scheme heterojunctions have gained considerable attention in the field of photocatalytic environmental remediation as their potential to achieve efficient spatial charge separation coupled with strong redox capacities.Herein,this review provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art in the development of S-scheme-based photocatalysts for the purification of environmental contaminants.The review first covers the fundamentals of heterogeneous photocatalysis for environmental purification.Subsequently,an introduction to the background,mechanism,design principles,and characterization techniques of S-scheme heterojunctions is presented.Then,the review presents a comparison and summary of using various S-scheme photocatalysts for the removal of several target pollutants,such as bacteria,heavy metals,nitrogen oxides,antibiotics,and phenols.Additionally,the modification strategies of S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts are also provided.Finally,a brief discussion of the challenges and prospects associated with S-scheme photocatalytic systems is demonstrated.展开更多
Hydrogen production through semiconductor-based photocatalytic water splitting is an appropriate strategy to convert solar energy into hydrogen fuels[1].In recent years,metal-free elemental red phosphorus(RP)materials...Hydrogen production through semiconductor-based photocatalytic water splitting is an appropriate strategy to convert solar energy into hydrogen fuels[1].In recent years,metal-free elemental red phosphorus(RP)materials,including amorphous,fibrous,and Hittorfs phosphorus(HP)possessing moderate bandgap and bandstructure have been explored as potential visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)photocatalyst[2].However,the slow charge migration capacity and sluggish surface reaction kinetics of RP materials have limited their HER efficiency to unsatisfactory levels.To overcome these limitations and improve the photocatalytic HER efficiency,various strategies,including building heterostructures,morphology control,and surface modification have been investigated[3].For instance,[001]-oriented HP nanorods decorated on polymeric carbon nitride exhibited excellent photocatalytic HER activity,which was attributed to accelerated photo-generated electron-holes transfer along the[001]direction of HP[4].In addition to enhancing the charge transfer ability by morphology regu-lation to allow more electrons to migrate to the surface to participate in HER,loading cocatalysts on RP surface to enhance HER kinetics is another effective strategy for altering HER activity[5].展开更多
Solar-to-hydrogen conversion through photocatalysis is a sustainable and promising strategy for storing solar energy.Recently,elemental red phosphorus(RP)with broad light absorption has been recognized as a potential ...Solar-to-hydrogen conversion through photocatalysis is a sustainable and promising strategy for storing solar energy.Recently,elemental red phosphorus(RP)with broad light absorption has been recognized as a potential candidate for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution,while challenges remain due to the rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers.In this work,RP modified TiO_(2)hollow spheres were designed and fabricated through the chemical vapor deposition method.The optimal hydrogen production rate reaching 215.5μmol/(g h)over TiO_(2)@RP heterostructure was obtained under simulated solar light irradiation.Experimental results evidenced that the hollow sphere structure and RP light absorber extended light absorption ability,and the heterostructure induced interfacial charge migration facilitated photoinduced charge separation,which benefited the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance.展开更多
In this paper,the fabrication of a highly orientated Bi_(2)Fe_(4)O_(9)(BFO)photoelectrode in the presence of two-dimensional(2D)graphene oxide(GO)was reported.It was found that the GO can be used as a template for con...In this paper,the fabrication of a highly orientated Bi_(2)Fe_(4)O_(9)(BFO)photoelectrode in the presence of two-dimensional(2D)graphene oxide(GO)was reported.It was found that the GO can be used as a template for controlling the growth of BFO,and the nanoplate composites of BFO/reduced graphene oxide(RGO)with a high orientation can be fabricated.The thickness of the nanoplates became thinner as the ratio of GO increased.As a result,the ferroelectric spontaneous polarization unit arranges itself in the space in a periodic manner,leading to the formation of a polarization field along a special direction.Therefore,the created built-in electric field of the nanoplate composites of BFO/RGO is improved upon the increase of the amount of RGO.As expected,carrier separation is enhanced by the built-in electric field,therefore substantially enhancing the photoelectrochemical(PEC)activity of water splitting compared to pure BFO under the irradiation of visible-light.展开更多
Red phosphorus(RP) is a promising visible-light-driven semiconductor for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution,but the activity is restricted due to the rapid charge carrier recombination and sluggish surface reaction kin...Red phosphorus(RP) is a promising visible-light-driven semiconductor for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution,but the activity is restricted due to the rapid charge carrier recombination and sluggish surface reaction kinetics.Herein,cobalt phosphide(CoP_(2)) modified RP heterostructure was developed by in situ phosphorization of cobalt oxide from phosphorus vapor.By tuning the amounts of CoP_(2) in the heterostructure,the optimized hybrid exhibited a HER rate reaching 11.79 μmol h^(-1) under visible light illumination,which is 3.5 times higher than that of the RP with Pt as cocatalyst.It was experimentally indicated that the intimate interaction between CoP_(2) and RP gave rise to improved visible light absorption and accelerated photogenerated electron-holes separation.Moreover,the CoP_(2) as a noble-metal-free cocatalyst could promote the surface hydrogen evolution reaction,which synergetic benefited the photocatalytic hydrogen production activity.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51808303 and 51672143)the Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Colleges in Shandong Province(DC2000000961)+2 种基金the Taishan Scholar Program,Outstanding Youth of Natural Science in Shandong Province(JQ201713)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2019BEE027)the State Key Laboratory of BioFibers and Eco-Textiles(Qingdao University,No.ZKT25 and ZKT30)。
文摘Secondary batteries are widely used in energy storage equipment.To obtain high-performance batteries,the development and utilization of electrode materials with cheap price and ideal theoretical gravimetric and volumetric specific capacities have become particularly important.Naturally abundant and low-cost red phosphorus(RP)is recognized as an anode material with great promise because it has a theoretical capacity of 2596 mA h g^(-1) in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,owing to the inferior discharging,the capacity of pure RP has a fast decay.Nanoconfinement of RP nanoparticles within porous carbon framework is one of the efficient methods to overcome these problems.In this review,we introduce the recent progress of RP confinement into carbon matrix as an energy storage anode material in LIBs,SIBs and potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).The synthetic strategies,lithiation/sodia tion/potassiation mechanism,and the electrochemical performances of RP/carbon composites(RP/C)with kinds of designed structures and P-C and P-O-C bond by kinds of methods are included.Finally,the challenges and perspectives of RP faced in the application development as anodes for LIBs/SIBs/PIBs are covered.This review will strengthen the understanding of composites of RP nanoparticles in porous carbon materials and aid researchers to carry out future work rationally.
文摘A broadband T/R frond-end of active holographic imaging system is presented. Compact autodyne mode circuit structure front-end is adopted to achieve higher signal to noise ratio and higher reliability, which is beneficial to the after-end imagining. The factors that influence the dynamic range and the transverse resolution ratio of holographic imaging system have been analyzed. Wide-band oscillator, wide-band low noise amplifier and the tapered slot antennas are implemented to meet the requirements of the holographic imagining system. According to the measured results, the output power is uniform in the broadband working frequency. The sub-harmonic suppression is better than 25 dBc from the frequency of 28 GHz to 33 GHz. The isolation between antennas channel is greater than 20 dB. The experimental result shows that the performance of the front-end is good enough to meet the needs of active millimeter-wave holographic imaging system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21975110 and 52102362)Taishan Youth Scholars Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn201909102)+1 种基金Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.ZR2021QB022,ZR2021ME012,and ZR2022QE036)State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles(Qingdao University).
文摘Recently,S-scheme heterojunctions have gained considerable attention in the field of photocatalytic environmental remediation as their potential to achieve efficient spatial charge separation coupled with strong redox capacities.Herein,this review provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art in the development of S-scheme-based photocatalysts for the purification of environmental contaminants.The review first covers the fundamentals of heterogeneous photocatalysis for environmental purification.Subsequently,an introduction to the background,mechanism,design principles,and characterization techniques of S-scheme heterojunctions is presented.Then,the review presents a comparison and summary of using various S-scheme photocatalysts for the removal of several target pollutants,such as bacteria,heavy metals,nitrogen oxides,antibiotics,and phenols.Additionally,the modification strategies of S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts are also provided.Finally,a brief discussion of the challenges and prospects associated with S-scheme photocatalytic systems is demonstrated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52102362,52302097)Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province(ts201712030,tstp20230665)+1 种基金Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2021QB022,ZR2021ME012,ZR2022QE036)Technology Support Program for Youth Innovation Team of Shandong Universities(2023KJ225)
文摘Hydrogen production through semiconductor-based photocatalytic water splitting is an appropriate strategy to convert solar energy into hydrogen fuels[1].In recent years,metal-free elemental red phosphorus(RP)materials,including amorphous,fibrous,and Hittorfs phosphorus(HP)possessing moderate bandgap and bandstructure have been explored as potential visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)photocatalyst[2].However,the slow charge migration capacity and sluggish surface reaction kinetics of RP materials have limited their HER efficiency to unsatisfactory levels.To overcome these limitations and improve the photocatalytic HER efficiency,various strategies,including building heterostructures,morphology control,and surface modification have been investigated[3].For instance,[001]-oriented HP nanorods decorated on polymeric carbon nitride exhibited excellent photocatalytic HER activity,which was attributed to accelerated photo-generated electron-holes transfer along the[001]direction of HP[4].In addition to enhancing the charge transfer ability by morphology regu-lation to allow more electrons to migrate to the surface to participate in HER,loading cocatalysts on RP surface to enhance HER kinetics is another effective strategy for altering HER activity[5].
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51672143,51808303,52102362)Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province,Outstanding Youth of Natural Science in Shandong Province(No.JQ201713)+2 种基金Applied Basic Research of Qingdao City(Special Youth Project)(No.19-6-2-74-cg)State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles(Qingdao University)(Nos.ZKT-25,ZKT-26,and ZKT-30)Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Colleges in Shandong Province(No.DC2000000961)。
文摘Solar-to-hydrogen conversion through photocatalysis is a sustainable and promising strategy for storing solar energy.Recently,elemental red phosphorus(RP)with broad light absorption has been recognized as a potential candidate for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution,while challenges remain due to the rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers.In this work,RP modified TiO_(2)hollow spheres were designed and fabricated through the chemical vapor deposition method.The optimal hydrogen production rate reaching 215.5μmol/(g h)over TiO_(2)@RP heterostructure was obtained under simulated solar light irradiation.Experimental results evidenced that the hollow sphere structure and RP light absorber extended light absorption ability,and the heterostructure induced interfacial charge migration facilitated photoinduced charge separation,which benefited the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance.
基金This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51402314 and 41206067)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2016BM08)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2014M551869)Shandong Excellent Young Scientist Research Award Fund(No.BS2015CL002)Qingdao Postdoctoral Application Research Fund.
文摘In this paper,the fabrication of a highly orientated Bi_(2)Fe_(4)O_(9)(BFO)photoelectrode in the presence of two-dimensional(2D)graphene oxide(GO)was reported.It was found that the GO can be used as a template for controlling the growth of BFO,and the nanoplate composites of BFO/reduced graphene oxide(RGO)with a high orientation can be fabricated.The thickness of the nanoplates became thinner as the ratio of GO increased.As a result,the ferroelectric spontaneous polarization unit arranges itself in the space in a periodic manner,leading to the formation of a polarization field along a special direction.Therefore,the created built-in electric field of the nanoplate composites of BFO/RGO is improved upon the increase of the amount of RGO.As expected,carrier separation is enhanced by the built-in electric field,therefore substantially enhancing the photoelectrochemical(PEC)activity of water splitting compared to pure BFO under the irradiation of visible-light.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51672143,51808303,52102362)Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province(ts201712030)+5 种基金Outstanding Youth of Natural Science in Shandong Province(JQ201713)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.ZR2021QB022,ZR2021ME012)Applied Basic Research of Qingdao City(Special Youth Project)(19-6-2-74-cg)Qingdao Science and Technology Plan Key Research and Development Special Project No.21-1-2-17-xxState Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles(Qingdao University)(Nos.ZKT-25,ZKT-26,ZKT-30,ZDKT202105)Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Colleges in Shandong Province(DC2000000961)。
文摘Red phosphorus(RP) is a promising visible-light-driven semiconductor for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution,but the activity is restricted due to the rapid charge carrier recombination and sluggish surface reaction kinetics.Herein,cobalt phosphide(CoP_(2)) modified RP heterostructure was developed by in situ phosphorization of cobalt oxide from phosphorus vapor.By tuning the amounts of CoP_(2) in the heterostructure,the optimized hybrid exhibited a HER rate reaching 11.79 μmol h^(-1) under visible light illumination,which is 3.5 times higher than that of the RP with Pt as cocatalyst.It was experimentally indicated that the intimate interaction between CoP_(2) and RP gave rise to improved visible light absorption and accelerated photogenerated electron-holes separation.Moreover,the CoP_(2) as a noble-metal-free cocatalyst could promote the surface hydrogen evolution reaction,which synergetic benefited the photocatalytic hydrogen production activity.
