The Strategy of Outdoor Space Micro-Renewal under the Goal of Communities for All Ages: A Case Study of Xingchaibeiyuan Community in Nanchang City

With the rapid development of the city,the old city has gradually lost its former glory,and the old community accounts for a large proportion in the city,and is located in the core area of the city. At present,there are some problems in the old community,such as high degree of aging,poor quality of living space,and lack of outdoor space. The old community transformation is mainly in the way of ' guided reconstruction',it has completely destroyed the original historical environment and the spirit of the place. Therefore,taking Xingchaibeiyuan Community in Nanchang City as an example,we deeply explore the strategy of micro-renewal of community outdoor space,so as to provide a reference for the renewal of outdoor space in this kind of old residential area.

Contrasting responses of net primary productivity to inter-annual variability and changes of climate among three forest types in northern China

Aims A lack of explicit information on differential controls on net primary productivity(NPP)across regions and ecosystem types is largely responsible for uncertainties in global trajectories of terrestrial carbon balance with changing environment.The objectives of this study were to determine how NPP of different forest types would respond to inter-annual variability of climate and to examine the responses of NPP to future climate change scenarios across contrasting forest types in northern China.Methods We investigated inter-annual variations of NPP in relation to climate variability across three forest types in northern China,including a boreal forest dominated by Larix gmelinii Rupr.,and two temperate forests dominated by Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.and Quercus wutaishanica Mayr.,respectively,and studied the responses of NPP in these forests to predicted changes in climate for the periods 2011–40,2041–70 and 2070–100 under carbon emission scenarios A2 and B2 of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.We simulated the responses of NPP to predicted changes in future climate as well as inter-annual variability of the present climate with the Biome-BGC version 4.2 based on site-and species-specific parameters.The modeled forest NPP data were validated against values in literature for similar types of forests and compared with inter-annual growth variations reflected by tree-ring width index(RWI)at the study sites.Important Findings Inter-annual variations in modeled NPP during the period 1960–06 were mostly consistent with the temporal patterns in RWI.There were contrasting responses of modeled NPP among the three forest types to inter-annual variability of the present climate as well as to predicted changes in future climate.The modeled NPP was positively related to annual mean air temperature in the L.gmelinii forest(P<0.001),but negatively in the P.tabulaeformis forest(P=0.05)and the Q.wutaishanica forest(P=0.03),while the relationships of modeled NPP with annual precipitation for the three forest types were all positive.Multiple stepwise regression analyses showed that temperature was a more important constraint of NPP than precipitation in the L.gmelinii forest,whereas precipitation appeared to be a prominent factor limiting the growth in P.tabulaeformis and Q.wutaishanica.Model simulations suggest marked,but differential increases in NPP across the three forest types with predicted changes in future climate.

A test of BIOME-BGC with dendrochronology for forests along the altitudinal gradient of Mt. Changbai in northeast China

Aims Process-based models are basic tools for predicting the response of forest carbon to future climate change.The models have commonly been tested for their predictions of spatial variation in forest produc-tivity,but much less for their ability to predict temporal variation.Here,we explored methods to test the models with tree rings,using BIOME-BGC as an example.Methods We used net primary productivity(NPP)data and tree rings col-lected from five major forest types along the altitudinal gradient of Mt.Changbai,northeast China,to test local-parameterized BIOME-BGC model.We first test the model’s predictions of both spatial(Test 1)and temporal changes(Test 2)in productivity.Then we test if the model can detect the climatic factors limiting forest productiv-ity during historical climate change,as revealed by dendroclimatic analyses(Test 3).Important Findings Our results showed that BIOME-BGC could well simulate NPP of five forest types on Mt.Changbai,with an r^(2) of 0.69 between mod-eled and observed NPP for 17 plots along the altitudinal gradient(Test 1).Meanwhile,modeled NPP and ring-width indices were cor-related and showed similar temporal trends for each forest type(Test 2).While these tests suggest that the model’s predictions on spatial and temporal variation of NPP were acceptable,a further test that relate the correlations of modeled NPP with climate variables to the correlations of ring widths with climate(Test 3)showed that the model did not well identify the climatic factors limiting historical productivity dynamics for some forest types,and thus cannot reli-ably predict their future.Both dendrochronology and BIOME-BGC showed that forest types differed markedly in the climate factors limiting productivity because of differences in tree species and cli-mate condition,and thus differed in responses to climate change.Our results showed that a successful prediction of spatial NPP pat-terns cannot assure that BIOME-BGC can well simulate histori-cal NPP dynamics.Further,a correlation between modeled NPP and tree-ring series cannot assure that the limiting climatic factors for productivity have been correctly identified by the model.Our results suggest the necessity to test the temporal predictions of pro-cess-based models in a more robust way,and further integration of dendrochronology and biogeochemistry modeling may be helpful for this purpose.

Forest biomass is strongly shaped by forest height across boreal to tropical forests in China

Forest height is a major factor shaping geographic biomass patterns,and there is a growing dependence on forest height derived from satellite light detecting and ranging(LiDAR)to monitor large-scale biomass patterns.However,how the relationship between forest biomass and height is modulated by climate and biotic factors has seldom been quantified at broad scales and across various forest biomes,which may be crucial for improving broad-scale biomass estimations based on satellite LiDAR.Methods We used 1263 plots,from boreal to tropical forest biomes across China,to examine the effects of climatic(energy and water avail-ability)and biotic factors(forest biome,leaf form and leaf phenol-ogy)on biomass-height relationship,and to develop the models to estimate biomass from forest height in China.Important Findings(i)Forest height alone explained 62%of variation in forest biomass across China and was far more powerful than climate and other biotic factors.(ii)However,the relationship between biomass and forest height were significantly affected by climate,forest biome,leaf phenology(evergreen vs.deciduous)and leaf form(needleleaf vs.broadleaf).among which,the effect of climate was stronger than other factors.The intercept of biomass-height relationship was more affected by precipitation while the slope more affected by energy availability.(iii)When the effects of climate and biotic factors were considered in the models,geographic biomass patterns could be well predicted from forest height with an r2 between 0.63 and 0.78(for each forest biome and for all biomes together).For most biomes,forest biomass could be well predicted with simple models includ-ing only forest height and climate.(iv)We provided the first broad-scale models to estimate biomass from forest height across China,which can be utilized by future LiDAR studies.(v)our results suggest that the effect of climate and biotic factors should be carefully considered in models estimating broad-scale forest biomass patterns with satellite LiDAR.

Facile Synthesis and in situ TEM Observation of Nanoporous Pd for Enhanced Catalytic Applications

A facile, efficient and green photochemical synthetic approach has been used to prepare sponge-like porous Pd nanoparticles. Obtained by ultraviolet irradiation using a K2PdCl4 precursor solution, the final products exhibited three dimensionally interconnected porous structures made up of ~3.6 nm sized Pd nanoparticles. In situ liquid cell TEM results indicated such porous structures are in a dynamic stable state when the particles are distributed in aqueous solution. The porous Pd nanoparticles exhibited electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) of up to 43 m^2·g^–1 and mass activity of 1144 mA·mg^–1 in menthol oxidation, kapp of 0.22 min^–1 and normalized kapp/m (kn) of 8.3×10^4 min^–1·g^-1 in 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction reactions. Comparing with the literature, it is demonstrated that our porous Pd nanoparticles with clean surfaces exhibited very high catalytic performances. This work may shed a light on facile and green synthesis of noble-metal particles with better catalytic performances.

Retraction Note to:Radiofrequency ablation versus hepatic resection for breast cancer liver metastasis:a systematic review and meta-analysis

The authors have retracted this article(Xiao et al.,2018).After publication,they became aware that a number of studies included in the meta-analysis did not meet the eligibility criteria and that errors were made in classification and statistical analysis.The conclusions presented are therefore unreliable.All authors agree with this retraction.

ATP-responsive hollow nanocapsules for DOX/GOx delivery to enable tumor inhibition with suppressed P-glycoprotein

Multidrug resistance(MDR)restricts chemotherapy efficacy due to P-glycoprotein(P-gp)mediated drug efflux,whereas current approaches to suppressing P-gp expression suffer from intrinsic challenges,such as low transfection,high toxicity and poor specificity.Here,hollow ferric-tannic acid complex nanocapsules(HFe-TA),which can be effectively degraded by the reaction with adenosine triphosphate(ATP),are synthesized for the delivery of glucose oxidase(GOx)and doxorubicin(DOX)for tumor treatment.The findings indicate that the intracellular ATP is significantly decreased due to the combined effect of HFe-TA degradation and GOx-mediated glucose consumption.Along with this ATP down-regulation,P-gp expression of tumor cells is suppressed remarkably,which in turn promotes the intracellular accumulation and anticancer efficacy of DOX.In addition,the production of•OH by Fe ions released from HFe-TA is promoted by the by-products of the oxidation of glucose process by GOx.In consequence,HFe-TA nanocapsules loaded with DOX and GOx enable significant inhibition effect to tumors both in vitro and in vivo due to the synergistic effect of cascade reactions.This study has therefore provided an alternative therapeutic platform for effective tumor inhibition with the potential in overcoming intrinsic MDR.