Abstract Hot deformation characteristic of superaustenitic stainless steel 254SMO has been studied by isothermal compression testing in the temperature range of 950-1,200 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.01-10 s^-1. The ...Abstract Hot deformation characteristic of superaustenitic stainless steel 254SMO has been studied by isothermal compression testing in the temperature range of 950-1,200 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.01-10 s^-1. The activation energy of 496 kJ/mol was calculated by a hyperbolic-sine type equation over the entire range of strain rates and temperatures. In order to obtain optimum hot working conditions, processing maps consisting of power dissipation map and instability map were constructed at different strains. The power dissipation map exhibits two domains with relatively high efficiencies of power dissipation. The first domain occurs in the temperature range of 990-1,070 ~C and the strain rate range of 0.01-0.1 s^-1. Microstructure observation in this domain indicates the partial dynamic recrystallization （DRX） accompanied with precipitation of tetragonal sigma phase. The second domain occurs in the temperature range of 1,140-1,200 ℃ and the strain rate range of 0.01-1 s^-1 with a peak efficiency of power dissipation of 39%, and in this domain, the microstructure observation reveals the full DRX. The instability map shows that flow instability occurs at the temperatures below 1,140 ℃ and the strain rates above 0.1 s^-1.展开更多
Introduction Notifiable infectious disease surveillance is important for understanding the trends in morbidity for certain diseases,especially detection of acute infectious disease outbreaks and changing epidemiology....Introduction Notifiable infectious disease surveillance is important for understanding the trends in morbidity for certain diseases,especially detection of acute infectious disease outbreaks and changing epidemiology.A web-based reporting system was deployed in January 2004,which has improved data collection and speed tremendously.This report provides an updated analysis for reports published in 2013 and 2015.Methods Data from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System(NNDRS)was used.The NNRDS shows data from 39 notifiable diseases split into three categories(A,B,and C)based on severity and importance.A descriptive analysis was conducted to analyze the morbidity of notifiable diseases in China.Results In 2018,the morbidity of national notifiable diseases was 559.41 per 100,000 population,an increase of 12.88% compared with the average of 2015–2017.The proportion of laboratory confirmed cases was 36.22%,which decreased 4.03% compared with the average of that in the recent three years.Diseases transmitted by direct contact/fecal–oral transmission accounted for the largest proportion,49.37% of the total reported cases,followed by the respiratory transmitted diseases,blood-borne/sexually transmitted diseases,and the zoonotic and vectorborne diseases with a proportion of 25.18%,24.60%,and 0.85%,respectively.Pathogenic descriptive analysis showed that the viral-infected cases accounted for 73.78% of the totals,followed by the bacterialinfected and parasitic diseases.Conclusion The national morbidity of notifiable infectious diseases showed increases in 2018,mostly due to higher morbidity of category C diseases,such as HFMD,infectious diarrhea,and influenza,and these diseases need to be further prioritized in disease control and prevention efforts.Laboratory confirmed cases remain low and need to be improved to improve data quality.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Wulanchabu City Center for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control had established and used a Brucellosis Integrated Information System(BIIS)since 2013.However,it had not been sys...What is already known about this topic?Wulanchabu City Center for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control had established and used a Brucellosis Integrated Information System(BIIS)since 2013.However,it had not been systematically evaluated and promoted so far.What is added by this report?The BIIS had significantly improved the efficiency of brucellosis reporting and provided convenience for follow-up management of cases,which was valuable for finishing completely routine therapy.However,the stability of the system needs to be improved.What are the implications for public health practice?The results of the BIIS assessment demonstrated its advantages and disadvantages,which could provide some evidence for its implementation in other areas of China.展开更多
文摘Abstract Hot deformation characteristic of superaustenitic stainless steel 254SMO has been studied by isothermal compression testing in the temperature range of 950-1,200 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.01-10 s^-1. The activation energy of 496 kJ/mol was calculated by a hyperbolic-sine type equation over the entire range of strain rates and temperatures. In order to obtain optimum hot working conditions, processing maps consisting of power dissipation map and instability map were constructed at different strains. The power dissipation map exhibits two domains with relatively high efficiencies of power dissipation. The first domain occurs in the temperature range of 990-1,070 ~C and the strain rate range of 0.01-0.1 s^-1. Microstructure observation in this domain indicates the partial dynamic recrystallization （DRX） accompanied with precipitation of tetragonal sigma phase. The second domain occurs in the temperature range of 1,140-1,200 ℃ and the strain rate range of 0.01-1 s^-1 with a peak efficiency of power dissipation of 39%, and in this domain, the microstructure observation reveals the full DRX. The instability map shows that flow instability occurs at the temperatures below 1,140 ℃ and the strain rates above 0.1 s^-1.
基金funded by grants from the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2018ZX10713001-001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91846302).
文摘Introduction Notifiable infectious disease surveillance is important for understanding the trends in morbidity for certain diseases,especially detection of acute infectious disease outbreaks and changing epidemiology.A web-based reporting system was deployed in January 2004,which has improved data collection and speed tremendously.This report provides an updated analysis for reports published in 2013 and 2015.Methods Data from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System(NNDRS)was used.The NNRDS shows data from 39 notifiable diseases split into three categories(A,B,and C)based on severity and importance.A descriptive analysis was conducted to analyze the morbidity of notifiable diseases in China.Results In 2018,the morbidity of national notifiable diseases was 559.41 per 100,000 population,an increase of 12.88% compared with the average of 2015–2017.The proportion of laboratory confirmed cases was 36.22%,which decreased 4.03% compared with the average of that in the recent three years.Diseases transmitted by direct contact/fecal–oral transmission accounted for the largest proportion,49.37% of the total reported cases,followed by the respiratory transmitted diseases,blood-borne/sexually transmitted diseases,and the zoonotic and vectorborne diseases with a proportion of 25.18%,24.60%,and 0.85%,respectively.Pathogenic descriptive analysis showed that the viral-infected cases accounted for 73.78% of the totals,followed by the bacterialinfected and parasitic diseases.Conclusion The national morbidity of notifiable infectious diseases showed increases in 2018,mostly due to higher morbidity of category C diseases,such as HFMD,infectious diarrhea,and influenza,and these diseases need to be further prioritized in disease control and prevention efforts.Laboratory confirmed cases remain low and need to be improved to improve data quality.
基金National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2018ZX10713001-001).
文摘What is already known about this topic?Wulanchabu City Center for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control had established and used a Brucellosis Integrated Information System(BIIS)since 2013.However,it had not been systematically evaluated and promoted so far.What is added by this report?The BIIS had significantly improved the efficiency of brucellosis reporting and provided convenience for follow-up management of cases,which was valuable for finishing completely routine therapy.However,the stability of the system needs to be improved.What are the implications for public health practice?The results of the BIIS assessment demonstrated its advantages and disadvantages,which could provide some evidence for its implementation in other areas of China.
