Background Due to the restriction of display mode,in most of the virtual reality systems with multiple people in the same physical space,the program renders the scene based on the position and perspective of the one u...Background Due to the restriction of display mode,in most of the virtual reality systems with multiple people in the same physical space,the program renders the scene based on the position and perspective of the one user,so that other users just see the same scene,resulting in vision disorder.Methods To improve experience of multi-user co-located collaboration,in this study,we propose a fire drill system supporting co-located collaboration,in which three co-located users can collaborate to complete the virtual firefighting mission.Firstly,with multi-view stereoscopic projective display technology and ultra wideband(UWB)technology,co-located users can roam independently and watch virtual scenes through the correct perspective view based on their own position by wearing dedicated shutter glasses,thus carrying out different virtual tasks,which improves the flexibility of co-located collaboration.Secondly,we design simulated firefighting water-gun using the micro-electromechanical system sensor,through which users can interact with virtual environment,and thus provide a better interactive experience.Finally,we develop a workbench including a holographic display module and multi touch operation module for virtual scene assembly and virtual environment control.Results The controller can use the workbench to adjust the virtual layout in real time,and control the virtual task process to increase the flexibility and playability of system.Conclusions Our work can be employed in a wide range of related virtual reality applications.展开更多
Background The personality and feedback of an animated pedagogical agent(APA)are vital social-emotional features that render the agent perceptually believable.Their effects on learning during virtual training need to ...Background The personality and feedback of an animated pedagogical agent(APA)are vital social-emotional features that render the agent perceptually believable.Their effects on learning during virtual training need to be examined.Methods In this paper,an explanation model is proposed to clarify the underlying mechanism of how these two features affect learners.Two studies were conducted to investigate the model.In Study 1,the effect of the APA's personality type and feedback strategy on flow experience and performance was reexamined,revealing significant effects of the feedback strategy on flow and performance and a marginally significant effect of the personality type on performance.To explore the mechanism behind these effects,a theoretical model is proposed by distinguishing between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation effects.In Study 2,the model was evaluated,and the APA's personality type was found to significantly influence the factors in the path of the extrinsic motivation effect rather than those in the path of the intrinsic motivation effect.Results In contrast,the feedback strategy affected factors in the path of the intrinsic motivation effect.Conclusions These results validated the proposed model.Further distinguishing the two motivation effects is necessary to understand the respective effects of an APA's personality and feedback features on learning experiences and outcomes.展开更多
Chemodynamic therapy(CDT)relying on the transformation of endogenous hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))into cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals(·OH)based on the catalysis of Fenton/Fenton-type reactions exhibits great potenti...Chemodynamic therapy(CDT)relying on the transformation of endogenous hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))into cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals(·OH)based on the catalysis of Fenton/Fenton-type reactions exhibits great potentiality for cancer treatment.However,the inadequate H_(2)O_(2)supply and intricate redox homeostasis in tumor microenvironment(TME)severely impair the efficacy of CDT.Herein,we design selfassembled 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine conjugated polyethylene glycol(DSPE-PEG)-modified Fe(Ⅲ)-juglone nanoscale coordination polymers(FJP NCPs)as redox homeostasis disruptors for juglone-enhanced CDT.Responding to glutathione(GSH)-rich and acidic TME,the Fe^(2+)/Fe^(3+)-guided CDT and GSH consumption by Fe^(3+)are activated,resulting in·OH downstream and up-regulation of lipid peroxidation(LPO).In addition,the released juglone not only depletes GSH through Michael addition,but also elevates intracellular H_(2)O_(2)level for achieving·OH further bursting.With the impressive efficiency of GSH exhaustion and reactive oxygen species(ROS)storm generation,ferroptosis and apoptosis are significantly enhanced by FJP NCPs in vivo.In brief,this facile and efficient design for versatile nanoscale coordination polymers presents a novel paradigm for effectively elevating CDT efficiency and tumor synergistic therapy.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC0831003)Key R&D project of Shandong Province(2016GGX106001).
文摘Background Due to the restriction of display mode,in most of the virtual reality systems with multiple people in the same physical space,the program renders the scene based on the position and perspective of the one user,so that other users just see the same scene,resulting in vision disorder.Methods To improve experience of multi-user co-located collaboration,in this study,we propose a fire drill system supporting co-located collaboration,in which three co-located users can collaborate to complete the virtual firefighting mission.Firstly,with multi-view stereoscopic projective display technology and ultra wideband(UWB)technology,co-located users can roam independently and watch virtual scenes through the correct perspective view based on their own position by wearing dedicated shutter glasses,thus carrying out different virtual tasks,which improves the flexibility of co-located collaboration.Secondly,we design simulated firefighting water-gun using the micro-electromechanical system sensor,through which users can interact with virtual environment,and thus provide a better interactive experience.Finally,we develop a workbench including a holographic display module and multi touch operation module for virtual scene assembly and virtual environment control.Results The controller can use the workbench to adjust the virtual layout in real time,and control the virtual task process to increase the flexibility and playability of system.Conclusions Our work can be employed in a wide range of related virtual reality applications.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61802232)the Young Scholars Program of Shandong University,Weihai (20820211005)
文摘Background The personality and feedback of an animated pedagogical agent(APA)are vital social-emotional features that render the agent perceptually believable.Their effects on learning during virtual training need to be examined.Methods In this paper,an explanation model is proposed to clarify the underlying mechanism of how these two features affect learners.Two studies were conducted to investigate the model.In Study 1,the effect of the APA's personality type and feedback strategy on flow experience and performance was reexamined,revealing significant effects of the feedback strategy on flow and performance and a marginally significant effect of the personality type on performance.To explore the mechanism behind these effects,a theoretical model is proposed by distinguishing between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation effects.In Study 2,the model was evaluated,and the APA's personality type was found to significantly influence the factors in the path of the extrinsic motivation effect rather than those in the path of the intrinsic motivation effect.Results In contrast,the feedback strategy affected factors in the path of the intrinsic motivation effect.Conclusions These results validated the proposed model.Further distinguishing the two motivation effects is necessary to understand the respective effects of an APA's personality and feedback features on learning experiences and outcomes.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3503700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.51929201,52102354,and 52202353)the projects for science and technology development plan of Jilin province(Nos.20220101070JC,20210402046GH,and 20220508089RC)。
文摘Chemodynamic therapy(CDT)relying on the transformation of endogenous hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))into cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals(·OH)based on the catalysis of Fenton/Fenton-type reactions exhibits great potentiality for cancer treatment.However,the inadequate H_(2)O_(2)supply and intricate redox homeostasis in tumor microenvironment(TME)severely impair the efficacy of CDT.Herein,we design selfassembled 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine conjugated polyethylene glycol(DSPE-PEG)-modified Fe(Ⅲ)-juglone nanoscale coordination polymers(FJP NCPs)as redox homeostasis disruptors for juglone-enhanced CDT.Responding to glutathione(GSH)-rich and acidic TME,the Fe^(2+)/Fe^(3+)-guided CDT and GSH consumption by Fe^(3+)are activated,resulting in·OH downstream and up-regulation of lipid peroxidation(LPO).In addition,the released juglone not only depletes GSH through Michael addition,but also elevates intracellular H_(2)O_(2)level for achieving·OH further bursting.With the impressive efficiency of GSH exhaustion and reactive oxygen species(ROS)storm generation,ferroptosis and apoptosis are significantly enhanced by FJP NCPs in vivo.In brief,this facile and efficient design for versatile nanoscale coordination polymers presents a novel paradigm for effectively elevating CDT efficiency and tumor synergistic therapy.