The design, manufacture and application of multistable mechanical metamaterials-a state-of-the-art review

Multistable mechanical metamaterials are a type of mechanical metamaterials with special features,such as reusability,energy storage and absorption capabilities,rapid deformation,and amplified output forces.These metamaterials are usually realized by series and/or parallel of bistable units.They can exhibit multiple stable configurations under external loads and can be switched reversely among each other,thereby realizing the reusability of mechanical metamaterials and offering broad engineering applications.This paper reviews the latest research progress in the design strategy,manufacture and application of multistable mechanical metamaterials.We divide bistable structures into three categories based on their basic element types and provide the criterion of their bistability.Various manufacturing techniques to fabricate these multistable mechanical metamaterials are introduced,including mold casting,cutting,folding and three-dimensional/4D printing.Furthermore,the prospects of multistable mechanical metamaterials for applications in soft driving,mechanical computing,energy absorption and wave controlling are discussed.Finally,this paper highlights possible challenges and opportunities for future investigations.The review aims to provide insights into the research and development of multistable mechanical metamaterials.

Effects of Exogenous Trehalose on the Metabolism of Sugar and Abscisic Acid in Tomato Seedlings Under Salt Stress

Salt stress a ects the growth and development of plants, which results in a decrease in crop quality and yield. In this study, we used tomato seedlings treated with salt and trehalose as experimental materials and analyzed them using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution analysis to select the optimal trehalose concentration for treatment. We also determined the contents of sugar and abscisic acid (ABA) and detected the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of sugar and ABA by quantitative real-time PCR. Results showed that the optimal trehalose concentration was 2 mmol/L for tomato seedlings under salt stress. Exogenous trehalose decreased the starch content and increased the soluble sugar con- tent by a ecting the expression of genes related to the metabolism of starch and soluble sugar. Exogenous trehalose altered the accumulation and distribution of sugar by inducing the upregulation of sugar transporter genes. Furthermore, trehalose increased the ABA content to induce salt stress response by regulating the expression of genes related to the synthesis and metabolism of ABA. In conclusion, trehalose can e ectively alleviate salt stress and enhance salt tolerance of tomato. These ndings provide a novel perspective and a better resource to investigate the salt tolerance mechanism and a new method for alleviating salt stress in tomato.

Significance of the lymph nodes in the 7th station in rational dissection for metastasis of distal gastric cancer with different T categories

Objective: To determine the clinicopathological characteristics, and evaluate the appropriate extent of lymph node dissection in distal gastric cancer patients with comparable T category.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 570 distal gastric cancer patients, who underwent gastric resection with D2 nodal dissection, which was performed by the same surgical team from January 1997 to January 2011. We compared the differences in lymph node metastasis rates and metastatic lymph node ratios between different T categories. Additionally, we investigated the impact of lymph node metastasis in the 7th station on survival rate of distal gastric cancer patients with the same TNM staging.Results: Among the 570 patients, the overall lymph node metastasis rate of advanced distal gastric cancer was 78.1%, and the metastatic lymph node ratio was 27%. The lymph node metastasis rate in the 7th station was similar to that of perigastric lymph nodes. There was no statistical significance in patients with the same TNM stage(stage II and III), irrespective of the metastatic status in the 7th station.Conclusions: Our results suggest that to a certain extent, it is reasonable to include lymph nodes in the 7th station in the D1 lymph node dissection.

Analyzing Crash-Prone Drivers in Multiple Crashes for Better Safety Educational and Enforcement Strategies

Crash-prone drivers should be effectively targeted for various safety education and regulation programs because their over-involvement in crashes presents a big adverse effect on highway safety. By analyzing seven years of crash data from Louisiana, this paper investigates crash-prone drivers’ characteristics and estimates their risk to have crashes in the seventh year based on these drivers’ crash history of the past six years. The analysis results show that quite a few drivers repeatedly had crashes;seven drivers had 13 crashes in seven years;and the maximum number of crashes occurring in a single year to a single driver is eight. The probability of having crash(es) in any given year is closely related to a driver’s crash history: less than 4% for drivers with no crash in the previous six years;and slightly higher than 30% for drivers with nine or more crashes in the previous six years. Based on the results, several suggestions are made on how to improve roadway safety through reducing crashes committed by drivers with much higher crash risk as identified by the analysis.

MicroRNA-188-5p targeting Forkhead Box L1 promotes colorectal cancer progression via activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling

Objective:MicroRNA-188-5p(miR-188)enhances oncologic progression in various human malignancies.This study aimed to explore its role in colorectal cancer(CRC).Materials and Methods:Human CRC tissues paired with normal tissues,and several CRC cell lines were utilized.Real-time quantitative PCR was applied to measure the expression of miR-188.Overexpression and knockdown were used to access the function of miR-188 and to investigate whether FOXL1/Wnt signaling mediates such function.The proliferation,migration and invasion of cancer cells were evaluated by CCK8,wound-healing and transwell assays,respectively.Whether FOXL1 acted as a direct target of miR-188 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assays.Results:Levels of miR-188 were upregulated in CRC tissues than in paired-normal tissues,as well as in various CRC cell lines.High expression of miR-188 was strongly associated with advanced tumor stage,accompanied with significant tumor cell proliferation,invasion and migration.It was confirmed that FOXL1 played positive crosstalk between miR-188 regulation and downstream Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation.Conclusions:All findings indicate that miR-188 promotes CRC cell proliferation and invasion through targeting FOXL1/Wnt signaling and could be served as a potential therapeutic target for human CRC in the future.

A Model for Capacity Considering the Interference by Pedestrian Traffic at Signal Intersections

The capacity is impacted badly by pedestrians' violation behavior at signal intersections. In order to quantify the impact,the time-headway and the vehicular speed from start-up to reach the stable saturation flow with and without pedestrian traffic are used as the direct measurements. Using the statistical analysis,the timeheadway of saturation flow is mainly affected by the position of pedestrians and the degree of pedestrians 'influence is classified into four levels. Then the speed-time profile for the vehicular acceleration at each level is fitted by Curve Fitting Software. Based on the effect to the time-headway and acceleration time,the model of capacity influenced by pedestrians is established and the influence is quantified, which enriches the fundamental theory of traffic engineering. The result shows that the vehicular capacity can be decreased by 14%at the worst case( level I). The conclusions obtained in this paper are valuable for better management of the signal intersection.

Research on the Construction Priority Model of Bus Lanes

Priority of public transport is one of the important means to enhance the attraction of ground public transportation, and also an important content in the construction of a public transport city. In recent years, Beijing has witnessed large-scale construction of Bus Lane. Based on the current situation that the construction of Bus Lane lacks scientific decision-making methods, this study establishes the time sequence evaluation indicator system for the construction of Bus Lane by analyzing the influencing factors, builds a ranking model of the importance degree of the construction of Bus Lane, and conducts case verification.

Area Classification of Surrounding Parking Facility Based on Land Use Functionality

The different land use surrounding parking facility has significant impact on parking behavior. This paper studies the functional classification of land use surrounding parking facility, which is fundamentally important for indepth research on parking behavior. 37 parking facilities located between the second and sixth ring roadway in Beijing were selected for this study. Based on the surveys conducted at these parking facilities, various parking behavior were analyzed, based on which the scope of the different parking was determined. The information on location, land use characteristics, public transport, the surrounding parking situations are collected for each investigated parking facility. Applying the SPSS clustering method, the threshold was developed for the classification. Totally, five categories are proposed for the land use functionality surrounding parking facility as the results of this study.

Chinese consensus guidelines for diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal stromal tumor

In order to further promote the standardization of diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST) in China, the members of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO) Expert Committee on GIST thoroughly discussed the key contents of the consensus guidelines, and voted on the controversial issue. In final, the Chinese consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of GIST(2017 edition) was formed on the basis of 2013 edition consensus guidelines, which is hereby announced. The consensus included the pathological diagnosis,recurrence risk classification evaluation, targeted agent therapy, surgery and principles of surveillance of GIST.

Prognostic value of systemic immune.inflammation index in patients with gastric cancer

Background:Inflammation-based indexes have been used to predict survival and recurrence in cancer patients.Systemic immune-inflammation index(Sll) was reported to be associated with prognosis in some malignant tumors.In the present study,we aimed to explore the association between Sll and the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed data from 444 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between January 1994 and December 2005.Preoperative Sll was calculated.The Chi square test or Fisher's exact test was used to determine the relationship between preoperative Sll and clinicopathologic characteristics.Overall survival(OS) rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method,and the effect of Sll on OS was analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to compare the predictive ability of Sll,NLR,and PLR.Results:Sll equal to or higher than 660 was significantly associated with old age,large tumor size,unfavorable Borrmann classification,advanced tumor invasion,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,advanced TNM stage,and high carcino-embryonic antigen level,high neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio,and high platelet-lymphocyte ratio(all P<0.05).High Sll was significantly associated with unfavorable prognosis(P<0.001) and Sll was an independent predictor for OS(P=0.015).Subgroups analysis further showed significant associations between high Sll and short OS in stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ subgroups(all P<0.05).Sll was superior to NLR and PLR for predicting OS in patients with gastric cancer.Conclusion:Preoperative Sll level is an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients with gastric cancer.

VEGFR-3 ligand-binding and kinase activity are required for lymphangiogenesis but not for angiogenesis

尽管 VEGFR-3 缺乏破坏血脉管的开发在早 embryogenesis 期间，内在的机制不是清楚的。在 angiogenesis 和 lymphangiogenesis 描绘它的函数，我们在这研究雇用了二个遗传上修改的鼠标模特儿，与一个 inactivation 点变化(Vegfr3TKmut ) 为 ligand 有约束力的域(Vegfr3 螖 L BD ) 或酷氨酸 kinase 域指向编码区域。我们证明淋巴的生长在 Vegfr3 螖 L BD/螖 L BD 和 Vegfr3TKmut/TKmut 老鼠被破坏，但是血容器在胚胎和蛋黄囊通常发展了。有趣地在 Vegfr3 螖 L BD/螖 L BD 然而并非 Vegfr3TKmut/TKmut 老鼠，淋巴囊是在场的，但是有发芽的 lymphangiogenic 的缺乏。我们进一步证明 VEGFR-3 的野类型、变异的形式能与 VEGFR-2 形成 heterodimers，并且减少在 endothelial 房间的 phospho-VEGFR-2 和下游的 phospho-Erk1/2 的水平当他们与 VEGF 被对待时 -- 一。这些调查结果显示发信号由它的血缘的 ligands (VEGF-C/-D ) 经由 VEGFR-3 激活调停了没为 angiogenesis 被要求，并且那 VEGFR-3 可以由 modulating VEGFR-2-mediated 信号在这个过程起一个作用。

Modeling Motorization Development in China

Entering the 21st century, China’s economic development has reached new heights and the country has ascended to the world’s second largest economy. The 20 year unrelenting development in China also stimulates income growth. The increased disposable income enables an ordinary Chinese family vehicle ownership which was unthinkable two decades ago. The most populous country has started a love affair with automobile just like in the United States. Annual automobile sales in China rose from 2.1 million in 2000 to 18.1 million in 2010 with a yearly growth rate of 24.3%, which spurs the vehicle ownership increase from 18.1 million in 2000 to 78.8 million in 2010, a growth rate of 15.9% The unprecedented motorization development in China is making a huge impact on all aspects of society, including negative consequences that cannot be ignored. Traffic congestion, air pollution, and dependency on imported oil are huge emerging problems threatening Chinese sustainable development. Although these problems occurred and still exist in many other developed and developing countries, they are more acute in China today. By collecting and analyzing the massive data from various sources, this paper explores the relationship between economic development and level of mobility by studying the historical developments from several developed counties and discusses the key issues in Chinese motorization development. The objective of the study is to predict the future level of motorization and its potential impacts.

Impact of Pedestrian Traffic on Saturation Rate of Protected Left-Turn at Urban Intersections

Heavily congested intersections in metropolitan areas in China are facing unique problems due to high travel demand and a high degree of traffic law violations. Based on a study conducted by the authors of this paper, 93% of left-turn vehicles turning left in these areas were slowed in order to avoid conflict with pedestrians. Intertwined pedestrian and vehicular flows can significantly reduce the capacity of exclusive left-turn lane group through reducing saturation flow rate, which increases the congestion at intersections. This paper investigates how the saturation flow rate of exclusive left-turn lane group is affected by the characteristics of pedestrian flow. By analyzing the imagery data collected by video cameras installed at intersections, the research team is able to obtain the characteristics of both vehicular and pedestrian flows, such as speed and spatial locations. The average operating speed at the saturation flow rate with and without pedestrian traffic is used as a direct measurement to evaluate the effect of pedestrians. Based on the statistical analysis, the paper concludes that saturation flow rate is mainly affected by the position of pedestrian in the crosswalk (inside or outside of left-turn vehicle’s trajectory), and the distance between the vehicle and pedestrians. In general, when the distance is less than four meters, the smaller the distance between vehicle and pedestrians, the larger the impact. However, there is no significant impact when the distance is larger than four meters. To accurately quantify the effect, the degree of pedestrian-vehicle impact is defined in four levels. The results show that the difference in the saturation flow rate between the best and the worst level could be 15.7%, which clearly indicates how important it is to enforce pedestrian crossing behavior.

The SUPER reporting guideline suggested for reporting of surgical technique

Background:Existing reporting guidelines pay insufficient attention to the detail and comprehensiveness reporting of surgical technique.The Surgical techniqUe rePorting chEcklist and standaRds(SUPER)aims to address this gap by defining reporting standards for surgical technique.The SUPER guideline intends to apply to articles that encompass surgical technique in any study design,surgical discipline,and stage of surgical innovation.Methods:Following the EQUATOR(Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research)Network approach,16 surgeons,journal editors,and methodologists reviewed existing reporting guidelines relating to surgical technique,reviewed papers from 15 top journals,and brainstormed to draft initial items for the SUPER.The initial items were revised through a three-round Delphi survey from 21 multidisciplinary Delphi panel experts from 13 countries and regions.The final SUPER items were formed after an online consensus meeting to resolve disagreements and a three-round wording refinement by all 16 SUPER working group members and five SUPER consultants.Results:The SUPER reporting guideline includes 22 items that are considered essential for good and informative surgical technique reporting.The items are divided into six sections:background,rationale,and objectives(items 1 to 5);preoperative preparations and requirements(items 6 to 9);surgical technique details(items 10 to 15);postoperative considerations and tasks(items 16 to 19);summary and prospect(items 20 and 21);and other information(item 22).Conclusions:The SUPER reporting guideline has the potential to guide detailed,comprehensive,and transparent surgical technique reporting for surgeons.It may also assist journal editors,peer reviewers,systematic reviewers,and guideline developers in the evaluation of surgical technique papers and help practitioners to better understand and reproduce surgical technique.

Signaling pathways and therapeutic interventions in gastric cancer

Gastric cancer(GC)ranks fifth in global cancer diagnosis and fourth in cancer-related death.Despite tremendous progress in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies and significant improvements in patient survival,the low malignancy stage is relatively asymptomatic and many GC cases are diagnosed at advanced stages,which leads to unsatisfactory prognosis and high recurrence rates.With the recent advances in genome analysis,biomarkers have been identified that have clinical importance for GC diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis.Modern molecular classifications have uncovered the vital roles that signaling pathways,including EGFR/HER2,p53,PI3K,immune checkpoint pathways,and cell adhesion signaling molecules,play in GC tumorigenesis,progression,metastasis,and therapeutic responsiveness.These biomarkers and molecular classifications open the way for more precise diagnoses and treatments for GC patients.Nevertheless,the relative significance,temporal activation,interaction with GC risk factors,and crosstalk between these signaling pathways in GC are not well understood.Here,we review the regulatory roles of signaling pathways in GC potential biomarkers,and therapeutic targets with an emphasis on recent discoveries.Current therapies,including signaling-based and immunotherapies exploited in the past decade,and the development of treatment for GC,particularly the challenges in developing precision medications,are discussed.These advances provide a direction for the integration of clinical,molecular,and genomic profiles to improve GC diagnosis and treatments.

Preliminary Study of the Protectiveness of Vaccination Against the COVID-19 in the Outbreak of VOC Omicron BA.2—Jilin City,Jilin Province,China,March 3–April 12,2022

Summary What is already known about this topic?An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)of Omicron BA.2 emerged in Jilin City since March 3,2022,which involved in 27,036 cases by April 12.The vaccination program with inactivated COVID-19 vaccines has been implemented since the beginning of 2021.What is added by this report?The incidences of moderate,severe,and critical cases in the whole population of the group of 0+1 dose were 1.82-,9.49-,and 3.85-fold higher than those in the group of 2 doses,and 5.03-,44.47-,and∞-fold higher than those received 3 doses vaccination.For the population≥60 years,the incidences of moderate,severe,and critical cases in the group of 0+1 dose were 29.92,9.62,and 4.27 per 100,000,showing 4.13-,43.72-,and 4.85-fold higher than 2 doses,as well as 13.28-,22.37-,and∞-fold higher than 3 doses.What are the implications for public health practice?The incidences of each type of COVID-19 in the population who were fully vaccinated or booster vaccinated in Jilin City were significantly lower than those who were unvaccinated and/or partially vaccinated.Booster vaccination with homologous inactivated vaccines induces stronger protectiveness for COVID-19 caused by variant of concern(VOC)Omicron.

怀牛膝细胞悬浮培养条件的优化

为进一步优化怀牛膝(Achyranthes bidentata)细胞悬浮培养条件,对接种量、继代周期、pH、光照及Cu2+等多种影响因子的作用效果进行了研究,以提高怀牛膝细胞生长量及牛膝多糖含量。结果显示,接种量50 g·L^–1、继代周期14天,pH5–6和光照培养可以使细胞保持良好的生长状态及多糖合成能力;添加50μmol·L^–1 Cu^2+,细胞的干重最大,可达44.63 g·L^–1,多糖含量也最高,为4.02 mg·g^–1。

马铃薯Y病毒RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a检测技术体系的建立与应用

植物病毒病是制约农作物安全生产的重要因素,病毒检测能够发现病毒并确定病毒的种类,是病害监测预警和防控的关键。该研究以马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)为检测对象,建立了基于RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a的检测体系。结果表明,(1)CRISPR/Cas12a检测体系内Cas12a及各组分为检测顺利进行所必要;(2)crRNA的靶点位置对Cas12a蛋白活性有较大影响,当crRNA的靶点包含部分PAM位点序列时,反应效率最高;(3)RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a检测模板的最低限度为3×10^(2)copies·μL^(-1),灵敏度高于PCR及qPCR检测法;(4)RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a检测体系与核酸粗提及逆转录反应联合,可在非实验室环境下进行PVY检测,整个过程耗时约60分钟。该研究建立了基于RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a的PVY检测技术体系,为在非实验室条件下实时快速检测植物病毒提供了一种有效方法。

A highly reversible dendrite-free Zn anode via spontaneous galvanic replacement reaction for advanced zinc-iodine batteries

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-iodine batteries have received extensive attention due to their inherent advantages such as low cost,flame retardancy and safety.To address the safety concern associated with Zn dendrites,tin functional layer is introduced to the Zn surface via a spontaneous galvanic replacement reaction.This provides rapid deposition kinetics,thereby achieving the uniform Zn plating/stripping with a low overpotential(13.9 mV)and good stability for over 900 h.Importantly,the coupling of the advanced Zn anode with iodine in Zn-I_(2)battery exhibits a high specific capacity of 196.4 mAh·g^(−1)with high capacity retention(90.7%).This work provides a reliable strategy to regulate the reversible redox of zinc for advanced rechargeable batteries.