Controlling dissolved phosphorus(DP)loss from high P soil to avoid water eutrophication is a worldwide high priority.A greenhouse study was conducted in which flue gas desulfurization gypsum(FGDG)was applied by using ...Controlling dissolved phosphorus(DP)loss from high P soil to avoid water eutrophication is a worldwide high priority.A greenhouse study was conducted in which flue gas desulfurization gypsum(FGDG)was applied by using different application methods and rates to two agricultural soils.Phosphorus fertilizer was incorporated into the soils at 2.95 g kg^(-1)to simulate soil with high P levels.The FGDG was then applied at amounts of 0,1.5,and 15 g kg^(-1)soil on either the soil surface or mixed throughout the soil samples to simulate no-tillage and tillage,respectively.Ryegrass was planted after treatment application.The study showed that FGDG reduced runoff DP loss by 33%and leachate DP loss 38%in silt loam soil,and runoff DP loss 46%and leachate DP loss 14%in clay loam soil,at the treatment of 15 g kg^(-1)FGDG.Mixing applied method(tillage)provided strong interaction with higher FGDG.To overall effect,the mixing-applied method performed better in controlling DP loss from silt loam soil,while surface-applied(no tillage)showed its advantage in controlling DP loss from clay loam soil.In practice it is necessary to optimize FGDG concentrations,application methods,and DP sources(runoff or leachate)to get maximized benefits of FGDG application.The FGDG application had no negative effects on the soil and ryegrass.展开更多
Salinization and sodicity are obstacles for vegetation reconstruction of coastal tidal flat soils. A study was conducted with flue gas desulfurization（FGD）-gypsum applied at rates of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 Mg/ha to re...Salinization and sodicity are obstacles for vegetation reconstruction of coastal tidal flat soils. A study was conducted with flue gas desulfurization（FGD）-gypsum applied at rates of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 Mg/ha to remediate tidal flat soils of the Yangtze River estuary.Exchangeable sodium percentage（ESP）, exchangeable sodium（ExNa）, p H, soluble salt concentration, and composition of soluble salts were measured in 10 cm increments from the surface to 30 cm depth after 6 and 18 months. The results indicated that the effect of FGD-gypsum is greatest in the 0–10 cm mixing soil layer and 60 Mg/ha was the optimal rate that can reduce the ESP to below 6% and decrease soil p H to neutral（7.0）. The improvement effect was reached after 6 months, and remained after 18 months. The composition of soluble salts was transformed from sodic salt ions mainly containing Na~＋, HCO_3^-＋ CO_3^（2-）and Cl-to neutral salt ions mainly containing Ca^（2＋）and SO_4^（2-）. Non-halophyte plants were survived at 90%. The study demonstrates that the use of FGD-gypsum for remediating tidal flat soils is promising.展开更多
基金supported by the China Scholarship Council(201306140128)the Young Scientist Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901207)by state and federal funds appropriated to The Ohio State University and The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center,Wooster,OH,USA.The funders had no role in study design,data collection and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘Controlling dissolved phosphorus(DP)loss from high P soil to avoid water eutrophication is a worldwide high priority.A greenhouse study was conducted in which flue gas desulfurization gypsum(FGDG)was applied by using different application methods and rates to two agricultural soils.Phosphorus fertilizer was incorporated into the soils at 2.95 g kg^(-1)to simulate soil with high P levels.The FGDG was then applied at amounts of 0,1.5,and 15 g kg^(-1)soil on either the soil surface or mixed throughout the soil samples to simulate no-tillage and tillage,respectively.Ryegrass was planted after treatment application.The study showed that FGDG reduced runoff DP loss by 33%and leachate DP loss 38%in silt loam soil,and runoff DP loss 46%and leachate DP loss 14%in clay loam soil,at the treatment of 15 g kg^(-1)FGDG.Mixing applied method(tillage)provided strong interaction with higher FGDG.To overall effect,the mixing-applied method performed better in controlling DP loss from silt loam soil,while surface-applied(no tillage)showed its advantage in controlling DP loss from clay loam soil.In practice it is necessary to optimize FGDG concentrations,application methods,and DP sources(runoff or leachate)to get maximized benefits of FGDG application.The FGDG application had no negative effects on the soil and ryegrass.
基金supported by the National Public Project of Environmental Protection(No.201109023)the Shanghai Agricultural Committee(No.2012-2-1)
文摘Salinization and sodicity are obstacles for vegetation reconstruction of coastal tidal flat soils. A study was conducted with flue gas desulfurization（FGD）-gypsum applied at rates of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 Mg/ha to remediate tidal flat soils of the Yangtze River estuary.Exchangeable sodium percentage（ESP）, exchangeable sodium（ExNa）, p H, soluble salt concentration, and composition of soluble salts were measured in 10 cm increments from the surface to 30 cm depth after 6 and 18 months. The results indicated that the effect of FGD-gypsum is greatest in the 0–10 cm mixing soil layer and 60 Mg/ha was the optimal rate that can reduce the ESP to below 6% and decrease soil p H to neutral（7.0）. The improvement effect was reached after 6 months, and remained after 18 months. The composition of soluble salts was transformed from sodic salt ions mainly containing Na~＋, HCO_3^-＋ CO_3^（2-）and Cl-to neutral salt ions mainly containing Ca^（2＋）and SO_4^（2-）. Non-halophyte plants were survived at 90%. The study demonstrates that the use of FGD-gypsum for remediating tidal flat soils is promising.
