Two‑Dimensional Metal Halides for X‑Ray Detection Applications

Metal halide perovskites have recently emerged as promising candidates for the next generation of X-ray detectors due to their excellent optoelectronic properties.Especially,two-dimensional(2D)perovskites afford many distinct properties,including remarkable structural diversity,high generation energy,and balanced large exciton binding energy.With the advantages of 2D materials and perovskites,it successfully reduces the decomposition and phase transition of perovskite and effectively suppresses ion migration.Meanwhile,the existence of a high hydrophobic spacer can block water molecules,thus making 2D perovskite obtain excellent stability.All of these advantages have attracted much attention in the field of X-ray detection.This review introduces the classification of 2D halide perovskites,summarizes the synthesis technology and performance characteristics of 2D perovskite X-ray direct detector,and briefly discusses the application of 2D perovskite in scintillators.Finally,this review also emphasizes the key challenges faced by 2D perovskite X-ray detectors in practical application and presents our views on its future development.

Photodynamic therapy with TBZPy regulates the PI3K/AKT and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related PERK/eIF2α pathways in HeLa cells

Background:((1-triphenylaminebenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-4-yl)styryl)-1-methylpyridin methylpyridin-1-ium iodide salt(TBZPy)is a novel photosensitizer that displays excellent photodynamic properties.However,There are few reports on the mechanism of action of the TBZPy photodynamic.Previous studies revealed that photodynamic therapy(PDT)could induce endoplasmic reticulum stress by acting on the endoplasmic reticulum.Therefore,in this study,we investigated the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by TBZPy-PDT in treating High-risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV)infection and their underlying mechanisms.Methods:The human cervical cancer cell line HeLa(containing whole genome of HR-HPV18)was treated with TBZPy-PDT.Cell migration,invasion,and colony-forming ability were evaluated using wound-healing,Transwell invasion,and colonyforming assays,respectively.Through western blot analysis,we determined the level of expression of the PI3K/AKT and PERK/eIF2αpathway proteins and the proteins associated with calcium trafficking and apoptosis.The calcium levels in the cytoplasm were detected via flow cytometry.Results:The result shows that TBZPy-PDT could inhibite the migration,invasion,and colony forming ability of infected HeLa cells by downregulating the PI3K/AKT pathway in vitro.And we found that TBZPy-PDT induced endoplasmic reticulum stress-specific apoptosis via the PERK/eIF2αpathway.Moreover,TBZPy-PDT increased the levels of calcium and calmodulin,while decreasing the levels of endoplasmic reticulum calcium-binding proteins.Conclusions:TBZPy-PDT is effective on treating human papillomavirus-infected cells.Targeting the PI3K/AKT and PERK/eIF2αpathways and the endoplasmic reticulum stress process may help improve the effects of TBZPy-PDT for treating high-risk human papillomavirus infection.

浅谈高速公路养护工程成本控制方法

目前控制高速公路养护工程成本仍是各公路运营单位的一大难题,因为影响高速公路养护工程成本的因素较多,为了更准确的找出控制高速公路养护成本的主要影响因素,本文建立了影响高速公路养护成本的因素指标模型,采用IAHP法分析确定了各影响因素的影响程度,并针对主要影响因素目前存在的不足提出了相应的控制方法。

机加工孔套管抗挤压强度有限元分析

套管屈服强度直接影响套管抗挤压性能,套管在加工孔过程中可能诱发孔眼附近材料发生金属相变,导致套管屈服强度不再均匀分布,进而影响套管抗挤压强度。在相同工况下,对比了P110完整套管和机加工孔套管的抗挤压强度,以此为参照组分析了相变区域面积和相变区域屈服强度对机加工孔套管抗挤压强度的影响。结果表明,机加工孔会改变材料屈服强度,进而影响套管抗挤压性能。随金属相变区域屈服强度减小,机加工孔套管抗挤压强度减弱;当金属相变区域屈服强度增大时,机加工孔套管抗挤压强度增强。且机加工孔套管相变区域面积对机加工孔套管抗挤压强度的影响随相变区域屈服强度增加而逐渐削弱。

肝癌转化治疗

原发性肝癌指起源于肝脏上皮或间叶组织的恶性肿瘤,包括75%~85%的肝细胞癌(肝癌)、10%~15%的肝内胆管细胞癌和其他罕见类型肝脏恶性肿瘤[1]。据2021年资料显示,原发性肝癌在全球的发病率和死亡率分别为第6位和第4位,全球近50%的肝癌发生在中国,HBV、HCV感染是中国肝癌高发的最主要原因[2,3,4]。近30年来,随着乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)疫苗预防接种及新药物新方法不断涌现,HBV、HCV感染情况得到有效控制,乙肝-肝硬化-肝癌的发病率出现下降趋势。由于肝癌发病隐匿,70%~80%的患者确诊时已处于中晚期,且接受根治性肝切除的患者3年肿瘤复发率高达50%以上,5年生存率仍较低,因此,肝癌的总体治疗效果有待进一步提高[5]。近年来,对中晚期肝癌患者实施转化治疗成为提高肝癌手术切除率、降低肿瘤复发率、延长患者生存时间的重要措施,也是目前肝癌研究的热点。本文重点讨论肝癌转化治疗现状和方法的研究进展。

同心圈式超重力旋转床液泛模型

同心圈式超重力旋转床是一种新型超重力旋转床。液泛是超重力旋转床流体力学的重要特征。同心圈式超重力旋转床液体分布器和转子内缘之间的环形空间内的液滴被气体夹带,液滴受到离心力和气体曳力的作用,通过建立微分方程可获得液滴径向速度为零时的液滴运动径向距离。当该径向距离小于环形空间的径向距离,此时产生雾沫夹带液泛。由此建立同心圈式超重力旋转床雾沫夹带液泛模型。实验以空气和水为物系,测定了转子直径为1000 mm、高度为100 mm的同心圈式超重力旋转床在不同转速和表观液速下气体进口和出口之间的气相压降随表观气速的变化。气相压降随表观气速的增大先缓慢增大后快速增大。用表观气速对气相压降求导和目测旋转床中心气体出口处出现大量液体被气体夹带来确定液泛点气速。通过液泛点气速求得雾沫夹带液泛模型的系数k,并对该系数k进行关联。该雾沫夹带液泛模型的计算值和实验值吻合很好,平均偏差为3.1%。该模型优于Sherwood液泛模型,对同心圈式超重力旋转床的工业应用提供了必要的设计依据。

化学吸收法测定新型复合转子旋转床气液有效比表面积及液相传质系数

用不同浓度的Na OH溶液吸收CO2,分别测定新型复合转子旋转床的气液有效比表面积和液相传质系数,考察了液量、气量和转速的影响.结果表明,新型复合转子旋转床的有效比表面积和液相传质系数均随液量、气量和转速增大而增大.在相同操作条件下,与折流式旋转床相比,新型复合转子旋转床转子的有效比表面积增大7%~159%,液相传质系数降低7.7%~18.2%,最终液相体积传质系数增大4%~132%.

The advances in immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the malignant tumors with higher incidence and mortality worldwide.Recently,significant progress has been made in uncovering immunotherapy in HCC,for instance programmed death-1,cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4,chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy,T cell receptor T cell therapy,dendritic cell vaccine,and cytokine-induced killer cells.This paper reviews the advances in immunotherapy and focuses on the results of many of preclinical studies and clinical trials in the field,as well as some of the promising therapeutic strategies for HCC in the future.