SWEET transporters and their potential roles in response to abiotic and biotic stresses in mulberry

Mulberry(Morus spp.,Moraceae)is a traditional economic crop plant and is also being gradually utilized as a beverage plant.SWEETs(Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter)are important sugar transporters involved in various biological processes and responses to various stresses.However,SWEETs in mulberry are still poorly studied without a comprehensive functional analysis of SWEETs.In the present study,a total of 24 SWEETs were identified using the Morus alba(Ma)genome.Phylogenetic analysis showed that these 24 MaSWEETs were clustered with SWEETs from Arabidopsis,Populus and Oryza and fell into four clades.MaSWEETs in the same clade are likely to pose similar intron/exon patterns.These MaSWEETs distributed on 12 chromosomes and tandem duplication and block duplication were responsible for the expansion of SWEETs in mulberry.Transmembrane domains and conserved active sites of Tyr and Asp were observed in MaSWEETs.Cis-elements in promoter regions of MaSWEETs indicated the possible function of MaSWEETs in response to hormones and environment stimulus.MaSWEETs showed quite different expression preference in tissues and organs indicating the possible function divergence.In addition,most MaSWEETs showed a disturbed expression levels in response to various abiotic stresses and Ciboria shiraiana infection.MaSWEET1a was functionally characterized as a negative regulator of resistance to C.shiraiana infection based on in vivo transient overexpression of MaSWEET1a in tobacco and down-regulation of MaSWEET1a/b in mulberry.Our results provided foundation for further functional dissection of SWEETs in mulberry and a potential regulator for genetic modification.

A Sandwich Control System with Dual Stochastic Impulses

Dear editor,Along with the progress of science and technology and the development of social civilization,control system brings an increasingly significant function in daily life.The application field of control system is very wide,for instance,in mobile technology[1],artificial earth satellite[2],pest control[3],etc.Ribeiro[4]first put forward the concept of random pulse in 1967.At present,impulsive control is used in networked control[5],secure communication[6],etc.In the 21st century,the impulsive control has been used in synchronization of coupled system,intelligent fault identification,image encryption.

Intrinsic mechanism and multiphysics analysis of electromagnetic wave absorbing materials: New horizons and breakthrough

Electromagnetic absorbers(EMA) have driven the development of Electromagnetic(EM) technology and advanced EM devices. Utilizing the EM energy conversion of EM absorbers to design various devices is attractive and promising, especially in personal protection and healthcare. In this review article, the simulation and numerical analysis of EM materials are reviewed, from numerical analysis of dielectric parameters, simulation of wave absorbing performance, electromagnetic performance improvement, and structural construction optimization. For the EM response mechanism, radiation-dependent relaxation and charge transport energy transitions are dissected. For the EM calculation section, two leading roles are highlighted, including the purposeful design of EM and the provision of theoretical guidance for optimizing electromagnetic absorption performance. In addition, this work points out the current problems and potential opportunities in the numerical simulation of absorbing materials, points out the new development direction, and proposes prospects.

Citywide package deliveries via crowdshipping:minimizing the efforts from crowdsourcers

Most current crowdsourced logistics aim to minimize systems cost and maximize delivery capacity,but the efforts of crowdsourcers such as drivers are almost ignored.In the delivery process,drivers usually need to take long-distance detours in hitchhiking rides based package deliveries.In this paper,we propose an approach that integrates offline trajectory data mining and online route-and-schedule optimization in the hitchhiking ride scenario to find optimal delivery routes for packages and drivers.Specifically,we propose a two-phase framework for the delivery route planning and scheduling.In the first phase,the historical trajectory data are mined offline to build the package transport network.In the second phase,we model the delivery route planning and package-taxi matching as an integer linear programming problem and solve it with the Gurobi optimizer.After that,taxis are scheduled to deliver packages with optimal delivery paths via a newly designed scheduling strategy.We evaluate our approach with the realworld datasets;the results show that our proposed approach can complete citywide package deliveries with a high success rate and low extra efforts of taxi drivers.