Transcranial Acoustic Metamaterial Parameters Inverse Designed by Neural Networks

Objective:The objective of this work is to investigate the mapping relationship between transcranial ultrasound image quality and transcranial acoustic metamaterial parameters using inverse design methods.Impact Statement:Our study provides insights into inverse design methods and opens the route to guide the preparation of transcranial acoustic metamaterials.Introduction:The development of acoustic metamaterials has enabled the exploration of cranial ultrasound,and it has been found that the influence of the skull distortion layer on acoustic waves can be effectively eliminated by adjusting the parameters of the acoustic metamaterial.However,the interaction mechanism between transcranial ultrasound images and transcranial acoustic metamaterial parameters is unknown.Methods:In this study,1,456 transcranial ultrasound image datasets were used to explore the mapping relationship between the quality of transcranial ultrasound images and the parameters of transcranial acoustic metamaterials.Results:The multioutput parameter prediction model of transcranial metamaterials based on deep back-propagation neural network was built,and metamaterial parameters under transcranial image evaluation indices are predicted using the prediction model.Conclusion:This inverse big data design approach paves the way for guiding the preparation of transcranial metamaterials.

阶段相关生物标志物PPIA、YWHAZ和GRP78是结直肠癌的潜在预后指标

目的:结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是常见消化系统恶性肿瘤之一,目前,其发病率和死亡率日益上升。迄今为止,结直肠癌的确切发病机制尚不清楚,大量文献表明,结直肠癌的发病机制是一个多基因参与的多阶段的过程,故探索检测结直肠癌某些阶段的生物标志物对于提高患者生存率具有重要意义。方法:本研究使用2D-DIGE、MALDI-TOF/TOF MS、免疫组化等方法,构建结直肠癌组织芯片,通过生存分析,来探究PPIA(肽基脯氨酰顺反异构酶A)、YWHAZ(14-3-3蛋白zeta/delta)和GRP78(78kDa葡萄糖调节蛋白前体)的表达水平是否和CRC的发生和发展有关。结果:在本研究中,通过蛋白质组学分析表明,与正常结直肠粘膜相比,结直肠癌中的PPIA、YWHAZ和GRP78蛋白表达上调。在结直肠癌发生的所有阶段(TNM I-IV期),PPIA均显著上调,PPIA表达越高,预后越差(P=0.002)。YWHAZ在I期明显上调,与临床分期呈负相关(T1-2/T3-4,P=0.003),可能是早期CRC的特异性生物标志物。GRP78在第三和第四阶段上调,提示它参与了CRC淋巴结转移和其他远处转移。此外,在CRC患者中PPIA、YWHAZ和GRP78的高表达与低生存期显著相关(分别为P=0.002、0.024和0.010)。结论:阶段生物标志物PPIA、YWHAZ和GRP78与结直肠癌的发生有显著关系,这些蛋白可能是结直肠癌的潜在预后指标。

Human iPS Cells Loaded with MnO2-Based Nanoprobes for Photodynamic and Simultaneous Enhanced Immunotherapy Against Cancer

How to trigger strong anti-tumor immune responses has become a focus for tumor therapy.Here,we report the human-induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSs)to deliver MnO2@Ce6 nanoprobes into tumors for simultaneous photodynamic therapy(PDT)and enhanced immunotherapy.Ce6 photosensitizer was attached on manganese dioxide(MnO2)nanoparticles,and resultant MnO2@Ce6 nanoprobes were delivered into mitomycin-treated iPSs to form iPS-MnO2@Ce6 nanoprobes.The iPS-MnO2@Ce6 actively targeted in vivo tumors,the acidic microenvironment triggered interaction between MnO2 and H2O2,released large quantities of oxygen,alleviated hypoxia in tumor.Upon PDT,singlet oxygen formed,broken iPSs released tumor-shared antigens,which evoked an intensive innate and adaptive immune response against the tumor,improving dendritic cells matured,effector T cells,and natural killer cells were activated.Meanwhile,regulatory T cells were reduced,and then the immune response induced by iPS-MnO2@Ce6 was markedly stronger than the immune reaction induced by MnO2@Ce6(P<0.05).The iPS-MnO2@Ce6 markedly inhibited tumor growth and metastasis and reduced mortality in mice models with tumor.Human iPS s loaded with MnO2-based nanoprobes are a promising strategy for simultaneous PDT and enhanced immunotherapy against tumor and own clinical translational prospect.

Dual-targeted lung cancer therapy via inhalation delivery of UCNP-siRNA-AS1411 nanocages

Objective:Although great progress has been made in the field of siRNA gene therapy,safe,efficient,and targeted delivery of siRNA are still major challenges in siRNA therapeutics.Methods:We developed an up-conversion nanoparticle-based nanocage system.This system protected the siRNA from being degraded by nucleases in organisms and selectively delivered the siRNAs to the tumor sites,due to modifications of targeted molecules on the surfaces of nanocages and local inhalation.Results:The siRNAs delivered by the up-conversion nanoparticle nanocages were protected from degradation in transit to the tumor sites,where they accumulated.Compared with the passive target and control groups,the up-conversion nanoparticles based on the nanocage system showed a tumor suppressive effect after approximately 3 weeks of treatment.Conclusions:The up-conversion nanoparticle nanocages efficiently delivered vascular endothelial growth factor siRNAs to tumor sites.Mice with lung tumors treated with tumors targeting up-conversion nanoparticle nanocages showed steady body weight changes,high tumor inhibition ratios,and longer survival times.

The affection on the nature of percolation by concentration of pentagon–heptagon defects in graphene lattice

In this paper the percolation behavior with a specific concentration of the defects was discussed on the twodimensional graphene lattice. The percolation threshold is determined by a numerical method with a high degree of accuracy. This method is also suitable for locating the percolation critical point on other crystalline structures. Through investigating the evolution of the largest cluster size and the cluster sizes distribution, we find that under various lattice sizes and concentrations of pentagon-heptagon defects there is no apparent change for the percolation properties in graphene lattice.

GmFtsH25 overexpression increases soybean seed yield by enhancing photosynthesis and photosynthates

Increasing plant photosynthetic capacity is a promising approach to boost yields,but it is particularly challenging in C3crops,such as soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.).Here,we identified GmFtsH25,encoding a member of the filamentation temperature-sensitive protein H protease family,as a major gene involved in soybean photosynthesis,using linkage mapping and a genome-wide association study.Overexpressing GmFtsH25 resulted in more grana thylakoid stacks in chloroplasts and increased photosynthetic efficiency and starch content,while knocking out GmFtsH25 produced the opposite phenotypes.GmFtsH25 interacted with photosystem I light harvesting complex 2(GmLHCa2),and this interaction may contribute to the observed enhanced photosynthesis.GmFtsH25 overexpression lines had superior yield traits,such as yield per plant,compared to the wild type and knockout lines.Additionally,we identified an elite haplotype of GmFtsH25,generated by natural mutations,which appears to have been selected during soybean domestication.Our study sheds light on the molecular mechanism by which GmFtsH25 modulates photosynthesis and provides a promising strategy for improving the yields of soybean and other crops.

The Dynamic Mortise-and-Tenon Interlock Assists Hydrated Soft Robots Toward Off-Road Locomotion

Natural locomotion such as walking,crawling,and swimming relies on spatially controlled deformation of soft tissues,which could allow efficient interaction with the external environment.As one of the ideal candidates for biomimetic materials,hydrogels can exhibit versatile bionic morphings.However,it remains an enormous challenge to transfer these insitu deformations to locomotion,particularly above complex terrains.Herein,inspired by the crawling mode of inchworms,an isotropic hydrogel with thermoresponsiveness could evolve to an anisotropic hydrogel actuator via interfacial diffusion polymerization,further evolving to multisection structure and exhibiting adaptive deformation with diverse degrees of freedom.Therefore,a dynamic mortise-and-tenon interlock could be generated through the interaction between the self-deformation of the hydrogel actuator and rough terrains,inducing continual multidimensional locomotion on various artificial rough substrates and natural sandy terrain.Interestingly,benefiting from the powerful mechanical energy transfer capability,the crawlable hydrogel actuators could also be utilized as hydrogel motors to activate static cargos to overstep complex terrains,which exhibit the potential application of a biomimetic mechanical discoloration device.Therefore,we believe that this design principle and control strategy may be of potential interest to the field of deformable materials,soft robots,and biomimetic devices.

云南香格里拉普达措国家公园体制试点经验

普达措国家公园位于滇西北"三江并流"世界遗产地,这里是北半球新特有物种的分化中心,也是全球34个生物多样性热点地区之一。滇西北的生物多样性与生态环境虽然丰富,却十分脆弱(吴良镛,2000)。同时滇西北是典型的少数民族聚居的偏远地区,在保护力度不断加强的同时,也限制了当地群众的传统生计与地区的经济发展。

Distribution patterns and changes of aquatic plant communities in Napahai Wetland in northwestern Yunnan Plateau,China

Using GPS technology and community research methods for plant communities,we investigated the distribution patterns of aquatic plant communities in the high plateaus of the Napahai Wetlands,Yunnan,China,as well as the species changes of plant communities compared with that of 24 years ago since 2005.We found that the types and numbers of aquatic plant communities have changed.Some pollution-tolerant,nutrient-loving plant communities such as Scirpus tabernaemontani,Zizania caduciflora,Myriophyllum spicatum,and Azolla imbricata flourished,while the primary aquatic plant communities were reduced or even disappeared.The number of aquatic plant communities were increased from nine to 12 with the addition of two new emergent plant communities and one new floating-leaved plant community.The increase in emergent plant communities was significant.From east to west and from south to north,various types of plant communities were continuously distributed,including floating-leaved plant communities,emergent plant communities and submerged plant communities.The composition of the communities became more complicated and the number of accompanying species increased,while the percentage ratio of dominant plant species declined.In 2005,the coverage of emergent plant communities was the largest(528.42 hm^(2))followed by submerged plant communities(362.50 hm^(2))and the floating-leaf plant communities was the smallest(70.23 hm^(2)).The variations in the distribution of aquatic plant communities in the Napahai Wetlands reflect the natural responses to the change of the wetland ecological environment.This study indicates that human disturbances have led to an inward movement of the wetland shoreline,a decrease in water quality and a reduction in wetland habitat.