Evaluation of spatial-temporal dynamics in surface water temperature of Qinghai Lake from 2001 to 2010 by using MODIS data

Lake surface water temperature （SWT） is an important indicator of lake state relative to its water chemistry and aquatic ecosystem,in addition to being an important regional climate indicator.However,few literatures involving spatial-temporal changes of lake SWT in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,including Qinghai Lake,are available.Our objective is to study the spatial-temporal changes in SWT of Qinghai Lake from 2001 to 2010,using Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） data.Based on each pixel,we calculated the temporal SWT variations and long-term trends,compared the spatial patterns of annual average SWT in different years,and mapped and analyzed the seasonal cycles of the spatial patterns of SWT.The results revealed that the differences between the average daily SWT and air temperature during the temperature decreasing phase were relatively larger than those during the temperature increasing phase.The increasing rate of the annual average SWT during the study period was about 0.01℃/a,followed by an increasing rate of about 0.05℃/a in annual average air temperature.The annual average SWT from 2001 to 2010 showed similar spatial patterns,while the SWT spatial changes from January to December demonstrated an interesting seasonal reversion pattern.The high-temperature area transformed stepwise from the south to the north regions and then back to the south region from January to December,whereas the low-temperature area demonstrated a reversed annual cyclical trace.The spatial-temporal patterns of SWTs were shaped by the topography of the lake basin and the distribution of drainages.

iTrace与Pentacam测量角膜球面像差与曲率的比较

目的:分析iTrace像差仪与三维眼前节分析系统Pentacam测量角膜球面像差及曲率的差异性和一致性。方法:选取2018-08/2019-02在我院拟行激光角膜屈光手术的屈光不正患者63例125眼,分别使用iTrace像差仪与三维眼前节分析系统Pentacam进行角膜球面像差和曲率的测量,比较两种仪器检测结果的差异性和一致性。结果:iTrace像差仪测得角膜球面像差、最平坦曲率径线、最陡峭曲率径线、角膜散光值分别为0.230±0.086μm、43.01±2.38D、44.08±2.48D、1.03±0.57D,Pentacam测得结果分别为0.247±0.114μm、42.88±1.44D、43.86±1.51D、1.07±0.62D,均无明显差异(P>0.05),且两种仪器测得结果的差值的均数均接近基线(0),95%一致性区间窄,一致性较好。结论:iTrace像差仪和三维眼前节分析系统Pentacam测量的角膜球面像差和曲率无明显差异,且一致性较好,临床中可相互参考。

Research Progress of Continuous Blood Purification in the Treatment of Severe Sepsis in Children

Pediatric sepsis is the most common disease in pediatric critical illness,because the main reason for the disease is that children's immune level is not high or the immune system is not perfect,when children's lung,abdominal cavity and blood system are infected,it will cause systemic inflammation and immune dysfunction.Early clinical symptoms are mainly irregular and intermittent fever.When the disease develops to severe sepsis,the children will suffer from acute heart failure,oliguria,respiratory alkalosis and even multiple organ failure.The incidence of death is high.It is reported that the incidence rate of sepsis in children can reach 0.3%,and the mortality rate is 50%.High incidence rate,high mortality rate and high treatment cost are the biggest problems in the pediatric field.In the past,the clinical hope of clearing away heat and toxin,promoting blood circulation and removing stasis,strengthening inflammation and other methods in traditional Chinese medicine,but the treatment effect is not ideal.With the improvement of modem medical understanding of sepsis,continuous blood purification therapy is introduced into the treatment of children with severe sepsis.In order to further explore the effect of continuous blood purification in the treatment of children with severe sepsis,the author summarizes the clinical practice experience and relevant literature,hoping to provide reference for relevant medical staff。

Four-wavelength Microdisk Lasers Laterally Coupling to an Output Bus Waveguide

A multiple-wavelength GaInAsP/InP microlaser with microdisk radiuses from 10 m to 10.6 m laterally coupled into a bus waveguide are fabricated by standard photolithygraphy and inductively coupled-plasma (ICP) etching techniques. The lasing wavelengths are 1533 nm, 1541 nm, 1551 nm and 1555 nm at the CW injection current of 10 mA for the four microlasers. The proposed multiple-microlaser array would be useful for realizing compact wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) light source for optical interconnects.

Mechanism of Bushen Tongluo granule on osteoarthritis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology

Objective:In this study,we used network pharmacology and molecular docking technology to analyze the mechanism of Bushen Tongluo granule in the treatment of osteoarthritis.Methods:The main active components and corresponding targets of Bushen Tongluo granule were screened from thetraditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database.The targets related to osteoarthritis were collected from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man,Therapeutic Target database,GeneCards,Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebases and Drugbank databases.Cytoscape3.9.0 software was used to construct the action network diagram of“Bushen Tongluo Granule-Active Component-Target”.Builded a protein-protein interaction network from the STRING database.The Bioconductor platform and R language 4.0.3 were used for Gene Ontologyfunction andKyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomespathway enrichment analysis.Then,selected the pathway most associated with osteoarthritis for specific analysis.Finally,the core genes were screened and verified by molecular docking using AutoDockTools software.Results:71 principal components of Bushen Tongluo granule and 183 potential therapeu-tic targets for osteoarthritis were obtained.Twenty-eight key targets of Bushen Tongluo granulein the treatment of osteoarthritis are enriched in 158 pathways.Among them,the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway,interleukin-17 signaling pathway,Toll-like receptor signaling pathway,T helper cell 17 cell differentiation and hypoxia-inducible factor-1signaling pathway involved in key targets are closely related to osteoarthritis.The relevant vital targets were involved in the regulation of DNA transcription factor activity,the response to chemical stress,the response to reactive oxygen species,the response to oxidative stress,the proliferation of muscle cells,the proliferation of epithelial cells and the biological processes such as responses to lipopolysaccharides,responses to molecules of bacterial origin.Molecular docking showed that protein kinase B 1-β-sitosterol,the tumor necrosis factor-naringenin,interleukin-6-luteolin,mitogen-activated protein kinase-quercetin,vascular endothelial growth factor A-quercetin and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2-luteolin have strong docking activities.Conclusions:Bushen Tongluo granule can reduce the inflammatory response and inhibit articular cartilage angiogenesis in the treatment of osteoarthritis,which may be achieved by regulating the inflammatory signaling pathway and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathway.

Modulation characteristics and microwave generation for AlGaInAs/InP microring lasers under four-wave mixing

The dynamic characteristics are investigated for a microring laser with an external radius of 12μm subject to external optical injection.Single-mode operation with a side mode suppression ratio of 33.4 dB is realized at a biasing current of 25 mA and a temperature of 290 K,and the corresponding small-signal modulation response is obtained with a resonance peak frequency of 7.5 GHz.Under the optical injection from a tunable laser,the improvements of the small-signal modulation response induced by four-wave mixing are observed for the microring laser,which shows an additional resonance peak around the frequency of the beat frequency between the lasing mode and the injecting light.Furthermore,optical generation of a microwave signal is realized by the light beating between the lasing mode and the injecting light measured by a high-speed photodetector and a spectrum analyzer.

Inconsistent seasonal variation of antibiotics between surface water and groundwater in the Jianghan Plain:Risks and linkage to land uses

Antibiotics are widely used in humans and animals,but their transformation from surface water to groundwater and the impact of land uses on them remain unclear.In this study,14 antibioticswere systematically surveyed in a complex agricultural area in Central China.Results indicated that the selected antibiotic concentrations in surface waters were higher in winter(average:32.7 ng/L)than in summer(average:17.9 ng/L),while the seasonal variation in groundwaters showed an opposite trend(2.2 ng/L in dry winter vs.8.0 ng/L in summer).Macrolides were the predominant antibiotics in this area,with a detected frequency of over 90%.A significant correlation between surface water and groundwater antibiotics was only observed in winter(R^(2)=0.58).This study further confirmed the impact of land uses on these contaminants,with optimal buffer radii of 2500 m in winter and 500 m in summer.Risk assessment indicated that clarithromycin posed high risks in this area.Overall,this study identified the spatiotemporal variability of antibiotics in a typical agricultural area in Central China and revealed the impact of land uses on antibiotic pollution in aquatic environments.

Investigation of hybrid microring lasers adhesively bonded on silicon wafer

Thermal characteristics are numerically investigated for the hybrid AlGaInAs/InP on silicon microring lasers with different ring radii and widths. Low threshold current and low active region temperature rise are expected for a microring laser with a narrow ring width. Based on the thermal analysis and the 3D simulation for mode characteristics, a hybrid AlGaInAs/InP on silicon microring lasers with an inner n-electrode laterally confined by the p-electrode metallic layer is fabricated using an adhesive bonding technique. A threshold current of 4 mA is achieved for a hybrid microring laser with a radius of 20 μm and a ring width of 3.5 μm at 12°C, and the corresponding threshold current density is as low as 1 kA∕cm^2. The influence of the location of silicon waveguide on output performance is studied experimentally for improving the output coupling efficiency. Furthermore,continuous-wave electrically injected lasing up to 55°C is realized for a hybrid microring laser with a radiusof 30 μm and a ring width of 3 μm.

Effects of moisture content or particle size on the in situ degradability of maize silage and alfalfa haylage in lactating dairy cows

A study using four Holstein cows with ruminal cannulas was conducted to evaluate the degradability of different moisture content or particle size of maize silage and alfalfa haylage. The maize silage(MS; 20-mm length) and alfalfa haylage(AH; 40-mm length) samples were wet(wet maize silage, MSW;wet alfalfa haylage, AHW), dried(dried maize silage, MSD; dried alfalfa haylage, AHD), or ground to pass through a 2.5-mm screen(dried ground maize silage, MSG; dried ground alfalfa haylage, AHG). Samples were incubated in the rumen for 2, 6.12, 24.36.48, and 72 h. Cows were fed ad libitum and allowed free access to water. High moisture content treatment of MSW expressed a lower rinsing NDF and ADF degradability at 2 h(P < 0.05) compared with dried samples(MSD and MSG). Different moisture content and particle size had a significant impact(P < 0.05) on the NDF degradability at 72 h, ADF degradability at36.48, and 72 h, and ruminally degradable ADF. All of the highest values were observed in small particle size and low moisture content AHG treatment. Based on this study, sample processing, such as drying and grinding, should be considered when evaluating nutritive values of forages.

Investigation of mode characteristics in rectangular microresonators for wide and continuous wavelength tuning

模式特征与波导为宽、连续的波长调节连接了到长方面的中点的产量为矩形的 microresonators 被调查。通过调整矩形的 microresonator 的方面比率，模式 Q 因素能极大地被提高。而且，在 high-Q 模式之间的大模式间隔为悦耳的激光使矩形的 microresonators 合适。作为一种特殊情况，单个模式的操作与 17.8 公里和 1.8 公里的产量波导宽度的方面长度为方形的 microlaser 与 9.1 nm 的一个连续调节范围被完成。

Hybrid AlGaInAs/Si Fabry–Pérot lasers with near-total mode confinements

We have proposed and demonstrated hybrid Al Ga In As/Si Fabry–Pérot(FP) lasers, with the FP cavity facet covered by the p-electrode metal for enhancing mode confinement. Continuous-wave lasing is obtained at room temperature with a threshold current of 45 m A for the hybrid FP laser with a cavity length of 415 μm and a width of 7 μm. Near-field optical microscope images indicate an efficient output emission from the underneath evanescently-coupled silicon waveguide. Furthermore, single-mode lasing with a side-mode suppression-ratio of29 d B and a threshold current of 16 m A is realized for the 150 μm-long hybrid FP laser.