As communication technology and smart manufacturing have developed, the industrial internet of things(IIo T)has gained considerable attention from academia and industry.Wireless sensor networks(WSNs) have many advanta...As communication technology and smart manufacturing have developed, the industrial internet of things(IIo T)has gained considerable attention from academia and industry.Wireless sensor networks(WSNs) have many advantages with broad applications in many areas including environmental monitoring, which makes it a very important part of IIo T. However,energy depletion and hardware malfunctions can lead to node failures in WSNs. The industrial environment can also impact the wireless channel transmission, leading to network reliability problems, even with tightly coupled control and data planes in traditional networks, which obviously also enhances network management cost and complexity. In this paper, we introduce a new software defined network(SDN), and modify this network to propose a framework called the improved software defined wireless sensor network(improved SD-WSN). This proposed framework can address the following issues. 1) For a large scale heterogeneous network, it solves the problem of network management and smooth merging of a WSN into IIo T. 2) The network coverage problem is solved which improves the network reliability. 3) The framework addresses node failure due to various problems, particularly related to energy consumption.Therefore, it is necessary to improve the reliability of wireless sensor networks, by developing certain schemes to reduce energy consumption and the delay time of network nodes under IIo T conditions. Experiments have shown that the improved approach significantly reduces the energy consumption of nodes and the delay time, thus improving the reliability of WSN.展开更多
AIM: To explore the expression and replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in primary duck hepatocytes (PDHs).METHODS: Complete HBV genome was transfected into PDHs by electroporation (transfected group, 1.19×...AIM: To explore the expression and replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in primary duck hepatocytes (PDHs).METHODS: Complete HBV genome was transfected into PDHs by electroporation (transfected group, 1.19×1012copies of linear HBV DNA/1×107 PDHs). After 1-5 d of transfection, HBsAg and HBeAg in the supernatant and lysate of PDHs were measured with the IMX System.Meanwhile, replicative intermediates of HBV DNA were analyzed by Southern blotting and Dot blotting. PDHs electroporated were used as control group.RESULTS: HBsAg in the hepatocyte lysates of transfected group was 15.24 (1 d), 14.55 (3 d) and 5.13 (5 d; P/N values, positive≥2.1) respectively. HBeAg was negative (<2.1). Both HBsAg and HBeAg were negative in the supernatant of transfected group. Dot blotting revealed that HBV DNA was strongly positive in the transfected group and negative in the control group. Southern blot analysis of intracellular total DNA indicated that there were relaxed circular (rc DNA), covalently closed circular (ccc DNA), and single-stranded (ss DNA) HBV DNA replicative intermediates in the transfected group, there was no integrated HBV DNA in the cellular genome. These parameters were negative in control group.CONCLUSION: Expression and replication of HBV genes can occur in hepatocytes from non-mammalian species.HBV replication has no critical species-specificity, and yet hepatic-specific regulating factors in hepatocytes may be essential for viral replication.展开更多
According to the recent report,there are 870 million people suffer from ocular diseases worldwide.The present approaches for diagnosis are morphological examination,imaging examination and immunological examination,re...According to the recent report,there are 870 million people suffer from ocular diseases worldwide.The present approaches for diagnosis are morphological examination,imaging examination and immunological examination,regrettably,they lack of sensitivity and difficult to make a definite diagnosis in the early stage.Systemic biology as an effective method has been used in clinical diagnosis and treatment for diseases,especially metabolomics which is more attractive with high sensitivity and accuracy.Although previous researches had been confirmed that endogenous metabolites in the ocular matrix play a crucial role in the progress of diseases related diseases,the standard protocols and systematic summary about the biomarker researches based on ocular matrix has not been established.This review article highlights the pretreatment for ocular matrix and the new biomarkers expressed by the eye diseases,expected to promote the application of biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases.展开更多
Opinion dynamics models based on the multi-agent method commonly assume that interactions between individuals in a social network result in changes in their opinions.However,formation of public opinion in a social net...Opinion dynamics models based on the multi-agent method commonly assume that interactions between individuals in a social network result in changes in their opinions.However,formation of public opinion in a social network is a macroscopic statistical result of opinions of all expressive individuals(corresponding to silent individuals).Therefore,public opinion can be manipulated not only by changing individuals'opinions,but also by changing their states of expression(or silence)which can be interpreted as the phenomenon"spiral of silence"in social psychology.Based on this theory,we establish a"dual opinion climate"model,involving social bots and mass media through a multi-agent method,to describe mechanism for manipulation of public opinion in social networks.We find that both social bots(as local variables)and mass media(as a global variable)can interfere with the formation of public opinion,cause a significant superposition effect when they act in the same direction,and inhibit each other when they act in opposite directions.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Previous experiments have confirmed bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) upregulate cholinergic expression in neurons isolated from the embryonic rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Therefore, BMPs could...BACKGROUND: Previous experiments have confirmed bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) upregulate cholinergic expression in neurons isolated from the embryonic rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Therefore, BMPs could be useful for treating Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE: BMP-4 was infused into the hippocampal dentate gyrus of fomix-fimbria transected rats to test the effects of BMP-4 on cholinergic expression in dentate gyrus neurons, and to observe changes in spatial memory behavior. DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery and Laboratory for Cell Biology, Institute of Geriatrics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS: Twenty-seven healthy adult male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, weighing 250-300 g, were provided by the Laboratory Animal Center of the General Hospital of Chinese PLA. Reagents: BMP-4 (B-2680, Sigma Company) and choline acetyl transferase (CHAT) antibody (AB5042, Chemicon Company) were used in this study. Equipments: a rat stereotaxic instrument (type: SN-2N, Narushige Group, Japan) and Image-prog-plus image analysis software (Media Cybernetics company, USA) were used in this study. The protocol was carried out in accordance with ethical guidelines for the use and care of animals. METHODS: This experiment was performed in the Institute of Geriatrics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA between July 2004 and March 2005. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Alzheimer's disease group (n = 7), normal control group (n = 5), BMP-4-Alzheimer's disease group (n = 8), and model group (n = 7). In the Alzheimer's disease group, the left hippocampal fomix-fimbria of rats was transected to mimic Alzheimer's disease symptoms. In the BMP-4-Alzheimer's disease group, 1 μt L BMP-4 (10 mg/L) was perfused into the left dentate gyrus with a microinjector at 1 μ L/min. In the model group, 1 μ L saline was perfused into the same position by the same method. Twenty-eight days after injection, Morris water maze test was performed in all rats to test spatial memory. Time-to-platform and swim-path length were recorded. Immunohistochemical staining of cholinergic neurons was performed on brain sections containing dentate gyrus. The area covered by ChAT-positive cells was analyzed using an Image-prog-plus image analysis software. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Area covered by ChAT-positive cells in the dentate gyrus. Time-to-platform and swim path-length. RESULTS: Twenty-seven rats were included in the final analysis. In the Alzheimer's disease group, the area covered by ChAT-positive cells was significantly smaller compared with the normal control group (F = 76.03, P 〈 0.01). The area covered by ChAT-positive cells was significantly larger in the BMP-4- Alzheimer's disease group than in the model group (F = 35.17, P 〈 0.05), but significantly smaller than in the normal control group (F = 40.17, P 〈 0.05). Time-to-platform and swim-path length were significantly longer in the Alzheimer's disease group than in the normal control group (F =24.62 and 631.58, respectively, both P 〈 0.05). Time-to-platform and swim-path length were significantly shorter in the BMP4-Alzheimer's disease group compared with the model group (F= 22.06 and 606.89, respectively P 〈 0.05). CONCLUSION: Injection of BMP-4 into the dentate gyrus of Alzheimer's disease model rats alleviates central cholinergic system injury and concomitantly improves spatial memory.展开更多
Bats are reservoirs of various viruses.The widely distributed cave nectar bat(Eonycteris spelaea)is known to carry both filoviruses and coronaviruses.However,the potential transmission of theses bat viruses to humans ...Bats are reservoirs of various viruses.The widely distributed cave nectar bat(Eonycteris spelaea)is known to carry both filoviruses and coronaviruses.However,the potential transmission of theses bat viruses to humans is not fully understood.In this study,we tracked 16 E.spelaea bats in Mengla County,Yunnan Province,China,using miniaturized GPS devices to investigate their movements and potential contact with humans.Furthermore,to determine the prevalence of coronavirus and filovirus infections,we screened for the nucleic acids of the Měnglàvirus(MLAV)and two coronaviruses(GCCDC1-CoV and HKU9-CoV)in anal swab samples taken from bats and for antibodies against these viruses in human serum samples.None of the serum samples were found to contain antibodies against the bat viruses.The GPS tracking results showed that the bats did not fly during the daytime and rarely flew to residential areas.The foraging range of individual bats also varied,with a mean cumulative nightly flight distance of 25.50 km and flight speed of up to 57.4 km/h.Taken together,these results suggest that the risk of direct transmission of GCCDC1-CoV,HKU9-CoV,and MLAV from E.spelaea bats to humans is very low under natural conditions.展开更多
High-quality Fe-doped Zn S films have been fabricated by electron beam evaporation.After the doping,the fabricated films still maintain the preferential crystalline orientation and phase purity of the host Zn S.Accord...High-quality Fe-doped Zn S films have been fabricated by electron beam evaporation.After the doping,the fabricated films still maintain the preferential crystalline orientation and phase purity of the host Zn S.According to the observation of surface morphology,the root mean-square roughness of the samples increases slightly with the increase of doping content.All of the prepared samples are in cubic zinc blende structure of Zn S.Transmission spectrum confirms a more obvious dip near 3μm with higher dopant concentration and it can be attributed to the typical^(5)E→^(5)T_(2)transition of Fe^(2+).Fe-doped Zn S film is also successfully used for Q-switched Er:ZBLAN fiber laser.展开更多
BACKGROUND Duplication of the renal pelvis is a common congenital malformation of the urinary system.About one-third of cases are complete unilateral duplication of the renal pelvis,while bilateral duplication is extr...BACKGROUND Duplication of the renal pelvis is a common congenital malformation of the urinary system.About one-third of cases are complete unilateral duplication of the renal pelvis,while bilateral duplication is extremely rare.Herein,we described a single case of bilateral renal duplication with double ureteral orifice ectopic vaginal fistula treated with laparoscopy.CASE SUMMARY A 6-year-old girl suffering from long-term vaginal leakage was admitted on June 10,2018.She was diagnosed with complete duplication of both kidneys and ureters and ectopic opening of both ureters combined with ureterovaginal fistula.The patient received laparoscopic ectopic ureteral bladder replantation and was followed up for 2 years.No renal function damage and vaginal leakage were found.CONCLUSION Laparoscopic bladder-ureter reimplantation could effectively determine the location and number of ectopic ureters by imaging and cystoscopy.展开更多
Background:Sophora flavescens,a traditional Chinese herb medicine,has been used to prevent and cure type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)both in folk medicine and medical institutions.Modern pharmacological studies have also...Background:Sophora flavescens,a traditional Chinese herb medicine,has been used to prevent and cure type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)both in folk medicine and medical institutions.Modern pharmacological studies have also demonstrated that the flavonoids obtained from Sophora flavescens ethyl acetate extract(SFE)exhibited potential anti-diabetic activity.Our previous study elucidated that SFE exerts anti-T2DM effects by regulating the host-microbial metabolic axis.In the present study,we further explored the pharmacodynamic effect and the potential targets of the anti-T2DM activity of SFE by integrating network pharmacology and pharmacological evaluations.Methods:The diabetic rat model was created by streptozotocin and oral administration with SFE for 8 weeks.Then,the T2DM-related index was estimated to assess the interventional effect of SFE.Network pharmacology was applied to identify the likely targets and the pathways modulated by SFE components.Furthermore,Western blotting was applied to verify the prediction.Results:Pharmacological evaluation in vivo revealed that SFE could markedly improve the blood glucose,serum insulin secretion,insulin resistance,liver glycogen synthesis,and the liver tissue structure in T2DM rats.Through network pharmacology analysis,101 active compounds of SFE and 114 targets belonging to 128 pathways were identified.The insulin,TNF,IL-6,and PI3K/Akt pathway may be the key targets and pathway.Based on the results of network pharmacology analysis,IRS/PI3K/Akt and IKK/NF-κB/TNF pathways were selected for further validation.Subsequently,experimental results of Western blotting confirmed that SFE may exert anti-T2DM effects by modulating the IRS/PI3K/Akt and IKK/NF-κB/TNF pathways.Conclusion:SFE may protect the T2DM rats by relieving the insulin resistance and inflammation through regulating the IRS/PI3K/Akt and IKK/NF-κB/TNF pathways.The results of the present study would improve the comprehension of the pharmacological basis of SFE against T2DM and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical use of Sophora flavescens.展开更多
The occurrence of adrenal crisis after retroperitoneal laparoscopic unilateral adrenalectomy is usually concealed.If not timely diagnosis and treatment,it may cause shock,and even lead to death.It is very difficult to...The occurrence of adrenal crisis after retroperitoneal laparoscopic unilateral adrenalectomy is usually concealed.If not timely diagnosis and treatment,it may cause shock,and even lead to death.It is very difficult to distinguish the clinical manifestations of adrenal crisis from nausea,vomiting,fatigue,gas separation from the lower diaphragm,abdominal pain,hypotension,hypertension,fever and hypothermia after operation.This makes it very difficult to identify and diagnose adrenal crisis early.This article mainly discusses the early recognition,diagnosis and treatment of adrenal crisis after unilateral adrenalectomy by retroperitoneoscope.展开更多
Cu60Zr30Ti10 (at. %) ribbon was prepared by melt spinning. Its glassy structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Its corrosion behavior in HCl and NaCl solutions was investigated by electrochemical polarizati...Cu60Zr30Ti10 (at. %) ribbon was prepared by melt spinning. Its glassy structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Its corrosion behavior in HCl and NaCl solutions was investigated by electrochemical polarization measurement. The surfaces before and after corrosion were observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and analysis was performed using electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the decrease of current density is due to the formation of a mixture of simple oxides or complex oxidic compounds. In both cases, the corrosion potential decreases with increasing chloride concentration. The passive film forms easier in HCl than in NaCl. In addition, the higher is the chloride concentration, the easier is the passivation.展开更多
Previous studies indicated that fruit bats carry two betacoronaviruses,BatCoV HKU9 and BatCoV GCCDC1.To investigate the epidemiology and genetic diversity of these coronaviruses,we conducted a longitudinal surveillanc...Previous studies indicated that fruit bats carry two betacoronaviruses,BatCoV HKU9 and BatCoV GCCDC1.To investigate the epidemiology and genetic diversity of these coronaviruses,we conducted a longitudinal surveillance in fruit bats in Yunnan province,China during 2009–2016.A total of 59(10.63%)bat samples were positive for the two betacorona-viruses,46(8.29%)for HKU9 and 13(2.34%)for GCCDC1,or closely related viruses.We identified a novel HKU9 strain,tentatively designated as BatCoV HKU9-2202,by sequencing the full-length genome.The BatCoV HKU9-2202 shared 83%nucleotide identity with other BatCoV HKU9 stains based on whole genome sequences.The most divergent region is in the spike protein,which only shares 68%amino acid identity with BatCoV HKU9.Quantitative PCR revealed that the intestine was the primary infection organ of BatCoV HKU9 and GCCDC1,but some HKU9 was also detected in the heart,kidney,and lung tissues of bats.This study highlights the importance of virus surveillance in natural reservoirs and emphasizes the need for preparedness against the potential spill-over of these viruses to local residents living near bat caves.展开更多
肾混合性上皮间质肿瘤(mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney,MESTK)是一种临床罕见的肾良性肿瘤,肿瘤成份由间质和上皮混合构成。MESTK的临床表现不典型,影像学上多表现为BosniakⅢ和Ⅳ级囊性病变,明确诊断依靠病理活检...肾混合性上皮间质肿瘤(mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney,MESTK)是一种临床罕见的肾良性肿瘤,肿瘤成份由间质和上皮混合构成。MESTK的临床表现不典型,影像学上多表现为BosniakⅢ和Ⅳ级囊性病变,明确诊断依靠病理活检及免疫组化,临床易误诊为肾癌囊性变或多房囊性肾肿瘤。本文回顾性分析总结了1例孤立肾合并MESTK患者的临床资料,并对该疾病诊疗进展作文献复习。展开更多
OBJECTIVE: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is regarded as an important treatment for gastric cancer patients, especially for those in advanced stage. To evaluate the effects of TCM treatment on gastric cancer pa...OBJECTIVE: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is regarded as an important treatment for gastric cancer patients, especially for those in advanced stage. To evaluate the effects of TCM treatment on gastric cancer patients, the authors performed a retrospective study to report the result of the integrated treatment of TCM with chemotherapy for stage IV non-surgical gastric cancer. METHODS: In this study, 182 patients with stage IV and non-surgical gastric cancer were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the effects of TCM integrated with chemotherapy. Among the 182 cases, 88 cases received integrated therapy consisting of TCM and chemotherapy, while 94 cases received chemotherapy alone. The overall survival and Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score were measured as the main outcome. RESULTS: The median overall survival of the integrated therapy group and chemotherapy group were 16.9 and 10.5 months, respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of integrated therapy group vs. chemotherapy group were 70% vs. 32%, 18% vs. 4%, and 11% vs. 0%, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups (x2 = 42.244, P 〈 0.001 ). After six-month treatment, KPS scores of the integrated therapy group and the chemotherapy group were 75.00 ± 14.78 and 60.64 ± 21.39, respectively (P 〈 0.001). The Cox regression analysis showed that TCM treatment is a protective factor for patients' overall survival. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that TCM integrated with chemotherapy may prolong overal survival and improve survival rate and life quality of patients with stage IV non-surgical gastric cancer展开更多
Ultra-deep reservoirs play an important role at present in fossil energy exploitation.Due to the related high temperature,high pressure,and high formation fracture pressure,however,methods for oil well stimulation do ...Ultra-deep reservoirs play an important role at present in fossil energy exploitation.Due to the related high temperature,high pressure,and high formation fracture pressure,however,methods for oil well stimulation do not produce satisfactory results when conventional fracturing fluids with a low pumping rate are used.In response to the above problem,a fracturing fluid with a density of 1.2~1.4 g/cm^(3)was developed by using Potassium formatted,hydroxypropyl guanidine gum and zirconium crosslinking agents.The fracturing fluid was tested and its ability to maintain a viscosity of 100 mPa.s over more than 60 min was verified under a shear rate of 1701/s and at a temperature of 175℃.This fluid has good sand-carrying performances,a low viscosity after breaking the rubber,and the residue content is less than 200 mg/L.Compared with ordinary reconstruction fluid,it can increase the density by 30%~40%and reduce the wellhead pressure of 8000 m level reconstruction wells.Moreover,the new fracturing fluid can significantly mitigate safety risks.展开更多
Light-emitting diodes(LEDs)based on perovskite semiconductor materials with tunable emission wavelength in visible light range as well as narrow linewidth are potential competitors among current light-emitting display...Light-emitting diodes(LEDs)based on perovskite semiconductor materials with tunable emission wavelength in visible light range as well as narrow linewidth are potential competitors among current light-emitting display technologies,but still suffer from severe instability driven by electric field.Here,we develop a stable,efficient and highcolor purity hybrid LED with a tandem structure by combining the perovskite LED and the commercial organic LED technologies to accelerate the practical application of perovskites.Perovskite LED and organic LED with close photoluminescence peak are selected to maximize photon emission without photon reabsorption and to achieve the narrowed emission spectra.By designing an efficient interconnecting layer with p-type interface doping that provides good opto-electric coupling and reduces Joule heating,the resulting green emitting hybrid LED shows a narrow linewidth of around 30 nm,a peak luminance of over 176,000 cd m^(−2),a maximum external quantum efficiency of over 40%,and an operational half-lifetime of over 42,000 h.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61571336)the Science and Technology Project of Henan Province in China(172102210081)the Independent Innovation Research Foundation of Wuhan University of Technology(2016-JL-036)
文摘As communication technology and smart manufacturing have developed, the industrial internet of things(IIo T)has gained considerable attention from academia and industry.Wireless sensor networks(WSNs) have many advantages with broad applications in many areas including environmental monitoring, which makes it a very important part of IIo T. However,energy depletion and hardware malfunctions can lead to node failures in WSNs. The industrial environment can also impact the wireless channel transmission, leading to network reliability problems, even with tightly coupled control and data planes in traditional networks, which obviously also enhances network management cost and complexity. In this paper, we introduce a new software defined network(SDN), and modify this network to propose a framework called the improved software defined wireless sensor network(improved SD-WSN). This proposed framework can address the following issues. 1) For a large scale heterogeneous network, it solves the problem of network management and smooth merging of a WSN into IIo T. 2) The network coverage problem is solved which improves the network reliability. 3) The framework addresses node failure due to various problems, particularly related to energy consumption.Therefore, it is necessary to improve the reliability of wireless sensor networks, by developing certain schemes to reduce energy consumption and the delay time of network nodes under IIo T conditions. Experiments have shown that the improved approach significantly reduces the energy consumption of nodes and the delay time, thus improving the reliability of WSN.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 39670340the Applied Basic Research Programs of ScienceTechnology Commission Foundation of Chongqing, No.20021889
文摘AIM: To explore the expression and replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in primary duck hepatocytes (PDHs).METHODS: Complete HBV genome was transfected into PDHs by electroporation (transfected group, 1.19×1012copies of linear HBV DNA/1×107 PDHs). After 1-5 d of transfection, HBsAg and HBeAg in the supernatant and lysate of PDHs were measured with the IMX System.Meanwhile, replicative intermediates of HBV DNA were analyzed by Southern blotting and Dot blotting. PDHs electroporated were used as control group.RESULTS: HBsAg in the hepatocyte lysates of transfected group was 15.24 (1 d), 14.55 (3 d) and 5.13 (5 d; P/N values, positive≥2.1) respectively. HBeAg was negative (<2.1). Both HBsAg and HBeAg were negative in the supernatant of transfected group. Dot blotting revealed that HBV DNA was strongly positive in the transfected group and negative in the control group. Southern blot analysis of intracellular total DNA indicated that there were relaxed circular (rc DNA), covalently closed circular (ccc DNA), and single-stranded (ss DNA) HBV DNA replicative intermediates in the transfected group, there was no integrated HBV DNA in the cellular genome. These parameters were negative in control group.CONCLUSION: Expression and replication of HBV genes can occur in hepatocytes from non-mammalian species.HBV replication has no critical species-specificity, and yet hepatic-specific regulating factors in hepatocytes may be essential for viral replication.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81872980,No.81673556)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Special Fund(No.2017A030313753)the Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Province(No.20192055)。
文摘According to the recent report,there are 870 million people suffer from ocular diseases worldwide.The present approaches for diagnosis are morphological examination,imaging examination and immunological examination,regrettably,they lack of sensitivity and difficult to make a definite diagnosis in the early stage.Systemic biology as an effective method has been used in clinical diagnosis and treatment for diseases,especially metabolomics which is more attractive with high sensitivity and accuracy.Although previous researches had been confirmed that endogenous metabolites in the ocular matrix play a crucial role in the progress of diseases related diseases,the standard protocols and systematic summary about the biomarker researches based on ocular matrix has not been established.This review article highlights the pretreatment for ocular matrix and the new biomarkers expressed by the eye diseases,expected to promote the application of biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases.
基金by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61976120 and 62006128)the Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.21YJCZH013).
文摘Opinion dynamics models based on the multi-agent method commonly assume that interactions between individuals in a social network result in changes in their opinions.However,formation of public opinion in a social network is a macroscopic statistical result of opinions of all expressive individuals(corresponding to silent individuals).Therefore,public opinion can be manipulated not only by changing individuals'opinions,but also by changing their states of expression(or silence)which can be interpreted as the phenomenon"spiral of silence"in social psychology.Based on this theory,we establish a"dual opinion climate"model,involving social bots and mass media through a multi-agent method,to describe mechanism for manipulation of public opinion in social networks.We find that both social bots(as local variables)and mass media(as a global variable)can interfere with the formation of public opinion,cause a significant superposition effect when they act in the same direction,and inhibit each other when they act in opposite directions.
文摘BACKGROUND: Previous experiments have confirmed bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) upregulate cholinergic expression in neurons isolated from the embryonic rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Therefore, BMPs could be useful for treating Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE: BMP-4 was infused into the hippocampal dentate gyrus of fomix-fimbria transected rats to test the effects of BMP-4 on cholinergic expression in dentate gyrus neurons, and to observe changes in spatial memory behavior. DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery and Laboratory for Cell Biology, Institute of Geriatrics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS: Twenty-seven healthy adult male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, weighing 250-300 g, were provided by the Laboratory Animal Center of the General Hospital of Chinese PLA. Reagents: BMP-4 (B-2680, Sigma Company) and choline acetyl transferase (CHAT) antibody (AB5042, Chemicon Company) were used in this study. Equipments: a rat stereotaxic instrument (type: SN-2N, Narushige Group, Japan) and Image-prog-plus image analysis software (Media Cybernetics company, USA) were used in this study. The protocol was carried out in accordance with ethical guidelines for the use and care of animals. METHODS: This experiment was performed in the Institute of Geriatrics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA between July 2004 and March 2005. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Alzheimer's disease group (n = 7), normal control group (n = 5), BMP-4-Alzheimer's disease group (n = 8), and model group (n = 7). In the Alzheimer's disease group, the left hippocampal fomix-fimbria of rats was transected to mimic Alzheimer's disease symptoms. In the BMP-4-Alzheimer's disease group, 1 μt L BMP-4 (10 mg/L) was perfused into the left dentate gyrus with a microinjector at 1 μ L/min. In the model group, 1 μ L saline was perfused into the same position by the same method. Twenty-eight days after injection, Morris water maze test was performed in all rats to test spatial memory. Time-to-platform and swim-path length were recorded. Immunohistochemical staining of cholinergic neurons was performed on brain sections containing dentate gyrus. The area covered by ChAT-positive cells was analyzed using an Image-prog-plus image analysis software. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Area covered by ChAT-positive cells in the dentate gyrus. Time-to-platform and swim path-length. RESULTS: Twenty-seven rats were included in the final analysis. In the Alzheimer's disease group, the area covered by ChAT-positive cells was significantly smaller compared with the normal control group (F = 76.03, P 〈 0.01). The area covered by ChAT-positive cells was significantly larger in the BMP-4- Alzheimer's disease group than in the model group (F = 35.17, P 〈 0.05), but significantly smaller than in the normal control group (F = 40.17, P 〈 0.05). Time-to-platform and swim-path length were significantly longer in the Alzheimer's disease group than in the normal control group (F =24.62 and 631.58, respectively, both P 〈 0.05). Time-to-platform and swim-path length were significantly shorter in the BMP4-Alzheimer's disease group compared with the model group (F= 22.06 and 606.89, respectively P 〈 0.05). CONCLUSION: Injection of BMP-4 into the dentate gyrus of Alzheimer's disease model rats alleviates central cholinergic system injury and concomitantly improves spatial memory.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31727901 to Z.L.S.)Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJZD-SW-L11 to Z.L.S.)+1 种基金Guangdong Province Natural Resources Services(Ecological Forestry Construction)Special Fund in 2021(to L.B.Z.)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2019328 to X.L.Y.)。
文摘Bats are reservoirs of various viruses.The widely distributed cave nectar bat(Eonycteris spelaea)is known to carry both filoviruses and coronaviruses.However,the potential transmission of theses bat viruses to humans is not fully understood.In this study,we tracked 16 E.spelaea bats in Mengla County,Yunnan Province,China,using miniaturized GPS devices to investigate their movements and potential contact with humans.Furthermore,to determine the prevalence of coronavirus and filovirus infections,we screened for the nucleic acids of the Měnglàvirus(MLAV)and two coronaviruses(GCCDC1-CoV and HKU9-CoV)in anal swab samples taken from bats and for antibodies against these viruses in human serum samples.None of the serum samples were found to contain antibodies against the bat viruses.The GPS tracking results showed that the bats did not fly during the daytime and rarely flew to residential areas.The foraging range of individual bats also varied,with a mean cumulative nightly flight distance of 25.50 km and flight speed of up to 57.4 km/h.Taken together,these results suggest that the risk of direct transmission of GCCDC1-CoV,HKU9-CoV,and MLAV from E.spelaea bats to humans is very low under natural conditions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1730141)。
文摘High-quality Fe-doped Zn S films have been fabricated by electron beam evaporation.After the doping,the fabricated films still maintain the preferential crystalline orientation and phase purity of the host Zn S.According to the observation of surface morphology,the root mean-square roughness of the samples increases slightly with the increase of doping content.All of the prepared samples are in cubic zinc blende structure of Zn S.Transmission spectrum confirms a more obvious dip near 3μm with higher dopant concentration and it can be attributed to the typical^(5)E→^(5)T_(2)transition of Fe^(2+).Fe-doped Zn S film is also successfully used for Q-switched Er:ZBLAN fiber laser.
文摘BACKGROUND Duplication of the renal pelvis is a common congenital malformation of the urinary system.About one-third of cases are complete unilateral duplication of the renal pelvis,while bilateral duplication is extremely rare.Herein,we described a single case of bilateral renal duplication with double ureteral orifice ectopic vaginal fistula treated with laparoscopy.CASE SUMMARY A 6-year-old girl suffering from long-term vaginal leakage was admitted on June 10,2018.She was diagnosed with complete duplication of both kidneys and ureters and ectopic opening of both ureters combined with ureterovaginal fistula.The patient received laparoscopic ectopic ureteral bladder replantation and was followed up for 2 years.No renal function damage and vaginal leakage were found.CONCLUSION Laparoscopic bladder-ureter reimplantation could effectively determine the location and number of ectopic ureters by imaging and cystoscopy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC 81872980,NSFC 81673556,NSFC 82073982)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Special Fund,Guangdong Natural Science Fund(No.2017A030313753).
文摘Background:Sophora flavescens,a traditional Chinese herb medicine,has been used to prevent and cure type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)both in folk medicine and medical institutions.Modern pharmacological studies have also demonstrated that the flavonoids obtained from Sophora flavescens ethyl acetate extract(SFE)exhibited potential anti-diabetic activity.Our previous study elucidated that SFE exerts anti-T2DM effects by regulating the host-microbial metabolic axis.In the present study,we further explored the pharmacodynamic effect and the potential targets of the anti-T2DM activity of SFE by integrating network pharmacology and pharmacological evaluations.Methods:The diabetic rat model was created by streptozotocin and oral administration with SFE for 8 weeks.Then,the T2DM-related index was estimated to assess the interventional effect of SFE.Network pharmacology was applied to identify the likely targets and the pathways modulated by SFE components.Furthermore,Western blotting was applied to verify the prediction.Results:Pharmacological evaluation in vivo revealed that SFE could markedly improve the blood glucose,serum insulin secretion,insulin resistance,liver glycogen synthesis,and the liver tissue structure in T2DM rats.Through network pharmacology analysis,101 active compounds of SFE and 114 targets belonging to 128 pathways were identified.The insulin,TNF,IL-6,and PI3K/Akt pathway may be the key targets and pathway.Based on the results of network pharmacology analysis,IRS/PI3K/Akt and IKK/NF-κB/TNF pathways were selected for further validation.Subsequently,experimental results of Western blotting confirmed that SFE may exert anti-T2DM effects by modulating the IRS/PI3K/Akt and IKK/NF-κB/TNF pathways.Conclusion:SFE may protect the T2DM rats by relieving the insulin resistance and inflammation through regulating the IRS/PI3K/Akt and IKK/NF-κB/TNF pathways.The results of the present study would improve the comprehension of the pharmacological basis of SFE against T2DM and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical use of Sophora flavescens.
文摘The occurrence of adrenal crisis after retroperitoneal laparoscopic unilateral adrenalectomy is usually concealed.If not timely diagnosis and treatment,it may cause shock,and even lead to death.It is very difficult to distinguish the clinical manifestations of adrenal crisis from nausea,vomiting,fatigue,gas separation from the lower diaphragm,abdominal pain,hypotension,hypertension,fever and hypothermia after operation.This makes it very difficult to identify and diagnose adrenal crisis early.This article mainly discusses the early recognition,diagnosis and treatment of adrenal crisis after unilateral adrenalectomy by retroperitoneoscope.
文摘Cu60Zr30Ti10 (at. %) ribbon was prepared by melt spinning. Its glassy structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Its corrosion behavior in HCl and NaCl solutions was investigated by electrochemical polarization measurement. The surfaces before and after corrosion were observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and analysis was performed using electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the decrease of current density is due to the formation of a mixture of simple oxides or complex oxidic compounds. In both cases, the corrosion potential decreases with increasing chloride concentration. The passive film forms easier in HCl than in NaCl. In addition, the higher is the chloride concentration, the easier is the passivation.
基金supported by the China Natural Science Foundation (81290341 and 31621061 to ZLS)United States Agency for International Development Emerging Pandemic Threats PREDICT project (AID-OAA-A-14-00102)National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (Award Number R01AI110964)
文摘Previous studies indicated that fruit bats carry two betacoronaviruses,BatCoV HKU9 and BatCoV GCCDC1.To investigate the epidemiology and genetic diversity of these coronaviruses,we conducted a longitudinal surveillance in fruit bats in Yunnan province,China during 2009–2016.A total of 59(10.63%)bat samples were positive for the two betacorona-viruses,46(8.29%)for HKU9 and 13(2.34%)for GCCDC1,or closely related viruses.We identified a novel HKU9 strain,tentatively designated as BatCoV HKU9-2202,by sequencing the full-length genome.The BatCoV HKU9-2202 shared 83%nucleotide identity with other BatCoV HKU9 stains based on whole genome sequences.The most divergent region is in the spike protein,which only shares 68%amino acid identity with BatCoV HKU9.Quantitative PCR revealed that the intestine was the primary infection organ of BatCoV HKU9 and GCCDC1,but some HKU9 was also detected in the heart,kidney,and lung tissues of bats.This study highlights the importance of virus surveillance in natural reservoirs and emphasizes the need for preparedness against the potential spill-over of these viruses to local residents living near bat caves.
文摘肾混合性上皮间质肿瘤(mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney,MESTK)是一种临床罕见的肾良性肿瘤,肿瘤成份由间质和上皮混合构成。MESTK的临床表现不典型,影像学上多表现为BosniakⅢ和Ⅳ级囊性病变,明确诊断依靠病理活检及免疫组化,临床易误诊为肾癌囊性变或多房囊性肾肿瘤。本文回顾性分析总结了1例孤立肾合并MESTK患者的临床资料,并对该疾病诊疗进展作文献复习。
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission (No. 17ZR1438800, for Dr. Xuan Liu)Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiding Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission (No . 13401907500 , for Zhi-feng Qin)+1 种基金Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning Program (No. ZY3-CCCX-3-3056, for Dr. Li-juan Xiu)National Natural Science Foundation Youth Program (No. 81603434, for Dr. Li-juan Xiu)
文摘OBJECTIVE: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is regarded as an important treatment for gastric cancer patients, especially for those in advanced stage. To evaluate the effects of TCM treatment on gastric cancer patients, the authors performed a retrospective study to report the result of the integrated treatment of TCM with chemotherapy for stage IV non-surgical gastric cancer. METHODS: In this study, 182 patients with stage IV and non-surgical gastric cancer were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the effects of TCM integrated with chemotherapy. Among the 182 cases, 88 cases received integrated therapy consisting of TCM and chemotherapy, while 94 cases received chemotherapy alone. The overall survival and Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score were measured as the main outcome. RESULTS: The median overall survival of the integrated therapy group and chemotherapy group were 16.9 and 10.5 months, respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of integrated therapy group vs. chemotherapy group were 70% vs. 32%, 18% vs. 4%, and 11% vs. 0%, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups (x2 = 42.244, P 〈 0.001 ). After six-month treatment, KPS scores of the integrated therapy group and the chemotherapy group were 75.00 ± 14.78 and 60.64 ± 21.39, respectively (P 〈 0.001). The Cox regression analysis showed that TCM treatment is a protective factor for patients' overall survival. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that TCM integrated with chemotherapy may prolong overal survival and improve survival rate and life quality of patients with stage IV non-surgical gastric cancer
文摘Ultra-deep reservoirs play an important role at present in fossil energy exploitation.Due to the related high temperature,high pressure,and high formation fracture pressure,however,methods for oil well stimulation do not produce satisfactory results when conventional fracturing fluids with a low pumping rate are used.In response to the above problem,a fracturing fluid with a density of 1.2~1.4 g/cm^(3)was developed by using Potassium formatted,hydroxypropyl guanidine gum and zirconium crosslinking agents.The fracturing fluid was tested and its ability to maintain a viscosity of 100 mPa.s over more than 60 min was verified under a shear rate of 1701/s and at a temperature of 175℃.This fluid has good sand-carrying performances,a low viscosity after breaking the rubber,and the residue content is less than 200 mg/L.Compared with ordinary reconstruction fluid,it can increase the density by 30%~40%and reduce the wellhead pressure of 8000 m level reconstruction wells.Moreover,the new fracturing fluid can significantly mitigate safety risks.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0200200 and 2022YFB3606504)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62174104 and 62122034)+1 种基金Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(22XD1421200)G.C.also thanks financial support from Shanghai S&T Committee Project 20392001100.
文摘Light-emitting diodes(LEDs)based on perovskite semiconductor materials with tunable emission wavelength in visible light range as well as narrow linewidth are potential competitors among current light-emitting display technologies,but still suffer from severe instability driven by electric field.Here,we develop a stable,efficient and highcolor purity hybrid LED with a tandem structure by combining the perovskite LED and the commercial organic LED technologies to accelerate the practical application of perovskites.Perovskite LED and organic LED with close photoluminescence peak are selected to maximize photon emission without photon reabsorption and to achieve the narrowed emission spectra.By designing an efficient interconnecting layer with p-type interface doping that provides good opto-electric coupling and reduces Joule heating,the resulting green emitting hybrid LED shows a narrow linewidth of around 30 nm,a peak luminance of over 176,000 cd m^(−2),a maximum external quantum efficiency of over 40%,and an operational half-lifetime of over 42,000 h.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50821003)the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology(No.15441905200),China