Effect of propofol on generation of inflammatory mediator of monocytes

Objective:To evaluate the effect of propofol with different concentrations on the expression of inflammatory mediators of mterleukin and tumor-necrosis factor- α(TNF- α) by stimulating the mouse primary monocytes and human monocytic cell line with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and also discuss the effeet of propofol on the secretion of inflammatory mediator and its possible molecular mechanism.Methods:The mononuclear cells of mouse spleen were separated and then purified to obtain the primary monocytes.The dose-effect relationship of production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by monocytes which were stimulated by LPS,namely the monocytes were stimulated by the dose of 0-500 ng/mL for 24 h.ELISA was employed to detect the concentration of IL-6,TL-8 and TNF-α.The effect of propofol on the secretion of above pro-inflammatory cytokines by the monocytes was observed.Cells were divided into the control group,the 0.1%DMSO group,the LPS group and the treatment group with LPS + different dose of propofol(propofol 1-100 μg/mL).ELISA was employed to detect the concentration of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α.The change in the expression of important signaling molecules in Toll-like receptor and NF-κ B signaling pathway was detected after THP-1 cells were treated with propofol.Results:The concentration of TNF- α was(3 863±153)pg/mL after 12 h of stimulation by LPS and then its concentration was decreased gradually.But the concentration of IL-6 and IL-8 was relatively high after 24 h of stimulation by LPS,(5 627±330) pg/mL and(1 626±200) pg/mL,respectively.The propofol could inhibit the expression of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF- α caused by LPS.After the intervention treatment of 50 μg/mL propofol,the concentration of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusions:The propofol can inhibit the expression of TLR-4 and NF-κ B to inhibit the activation of p38 and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Identification and predictive analysis for participants at ultra-high risk of psychosis:A comparison of three psychometric diagnostic interviews

BACKGROUND An accurate identification of individuals at ultra-high risk(UHR)based on psychometric tools to prospectively identify psychosis as early as possible is required for indicated preventive intervention.The diagnostic comparability of several psychometric tools,including the comprehensive assessment of at risk mental state(CAARMS),the structured interview for psychosis-risk syndrome(SIPS)and the bonn scale for the assessment of basic symptoms(BSABS),is unknown.AIM To address the psychometric comparability of CAARMS,SIPS and BSABS for subjects who are close relatives of patients with schizophrenia.METHODS In total,189 participants aged 18-58 years who were lineal relative by blood and collateral relatives by blood up to the third degree of kinship of patients with schizophrenia were interviewed in the period of May 2017 to January 2019.Relatives of the participants diagnosed schizophrenia were excluded.All the participants were assessed for a UHR state by three psychometric tools(CAARMS,SIPS and BSABS).The psychometric diagnosis results included at risk of psychosis(UHR+),not at risk of psychosis(UHR-)and psychosis.Demographic and clinical characteristics were also measured.The inter-rater agreement was assessed for evaluation of the coherence of the three scales.Transition rates for UHR+subjects to psychosis within 2 years were also recorded.RESULTS The overall agreement percentages were 93.12%,92.06%and 93.65%of CAARMS and SIPS,SIPS and BSABS and CAARMS and BSABS,respectively.The overall agreement percentage of the relative functional impairment of the three groups(UHR+,not at risk of psychosis and psychosis)were 89.24%,86.36%and 88.12%,respectively.The inter-rater reliability of the CAARMS,SIPS and BSABS total score was 0.90,0.89 and 0.85.The inter-rater reliability was very good to excellent for all the subscales of these three instruments.For CAARMS,SIPS and BSABS,the kappa coefficient about UHR criteria agreement was 0.87,0.84 and 0.82,respectively(P<0.001).The transition rates of UHR+to psychosis within 2 years were 16.7%(CAARMS),10.0%(SIPS)and 17.7%(BSABS).CONCLUSION There is good diagnostic agreement between the CAARMS,SIPS and BSABS towards identification of UHR participants who are close relatives of patients with schizophrenia.

Individual Identification of Electronic Equipment Based on Electromagnetic Fingerprint Characteristics

With the rapid development of communication and computer,the individual identification technology of communication equipment has been brought to many application scenarios.The identification of the same type of electronic equipment is of considerable significance,whether it is the identification of friend or foe in military applications,identity determination,radio spectrum management in civil applications,equipment fault diagnosis,and so on.Because of the limited-expression ability of the traditional electromagnetic signal representation methods in the face of complex signals,a new method of individual identification of the same equipment of communication equipment based on deep learning is proposed.The contents of this paper include the following aspects:(1)Considering the shortcomings of deep learning in processing small sample data,this paper provides a universal and robust feature template for signal data.This paper constructs a relatively complete signal template library from multiple perspectives,such as time domain and transform domain features,combined with high-order statistical analysis.Based on the inspiration of the image texture feature,characteristics of amplitude histogram of signal and the signal amplitude co-occurrence matrix(SACM)are proposed in this paper.These signal features can be used as a signal fingerprint template for individual identification.(2)Considering the limitation of the recognition rate of a single classifier,using the integrated classifier has achieved better generalization ability.The final average accuracy of 5 NRF24LE1 modules is up to 98%and solved the problem of individual identification of the same equipment of communication equipment under the condition of the small sample,low signal-to-noise ratio.