Construction of robust coupling interface between MoS2 and nitrogen doped graphene for high performance sodium ion batteries

As a layered inorganic material,MoS2 has recently attracted intensive attention as anode for sodium ion batteries(SIBs).However,this anode is plagued with low electronic conductivity,serious volume expansion and sluggish kinetics,resulting in capacity fading and poor rate performance.Herein,we develop an interface engineering strategy to substantially enhance the sodium storage performance of MoS2 by incorporating layered MoS2 into three dimensional N-doped graphene scaffold.The strong coupling-interface between MoS2 and N-doped graphene scaffold can not only stabilize the MoS2 structure during sodium insertion/extraction processes,but also provide plenty of anchor sites for additional surface sodium storage.The 3D MoS2@N-doped graphene composite as anode for SIBs performs an outstanding specific capacity of 667.3 mA h g^-1 at 0.2 A g^-1,a prolonged stability with a capacity retention of 94.4%after 140cycles and excellent rate capability of 445 mA h g^-1 even at a high rate of 10 A g^-1.We combined experiment and theoretical simulation to further disclose the interaction between MoS2 and N-doped graphene,adsorption and diffusion of sodium on the composite and the corresponding sodium storage mechanism.This study opens a new door to develop high performance SIBs by introducing the interface engineering technique.

Expression of VEGFR2 and NRP-1 in non-small cell lung cancer and their clinical significance

Objective： Vascular-targeted therapy is gradually becoming more appealing for patients with lung cancer. It is unclear whether vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2（VEGFR2） and neuropilin-1（NRP-1） can be biomarkers for clinical treatment. We aimed to investigate the expression levels of VEGFR2 and NRP-1 in human non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC） and their clinical significance by observing patient prognosis. Methods： VEGFR2 and NRP-1 were assessed by immunohistochemistry（IHC） in 40 patients with NSCLC and in 10 patients with benign lesions of lung; kinase insert domain receptor（KDR） and NRP-1 copy number gain（CNG） was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization（FISH）. The distributions of overall survival（OS） and progression-free survival（PFS） were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between groups by log-rank test.Results： Rates of positive immunostaining for VEGFR2 and NRP-1 were 58% and 55%, respectively. KDR and NRP-1 CNG（＋） were detected in 32.5% and 30% of tumors, respectively. Levels of both VEGFR2 and NRP-1 in lung tumors were significantly different than in the control tissue（χ2=11.22, P=0.001; χ2=9.82, P=0.001, respectively）; similar results were obtained using CNGs（χ2=4.39, P=0.036; χ2=3.95, P=0.046, respectively）. Statistically significant correlations were observed with histological grade, clinical TNM stage and the lymph node status（P〈0.05）, but not age, gender or pathology type（P〉0.05）. VEGFR2 showed a strong correlation with NRP-1（Rs=0.68, P=0.00）; similar results were observed with KDR and NRP-1 CNG（Rs=0.32, P=0.04）. Significant differences in OS and PFS were observed between the groups with higher VEGFR2 and NRP-1 and those with lower expression（P〈0.05）. Conclusions： According to these data, VEGFR2 and NRP-1 are highly expressed in NSCLC. We can conclude that they play a key role in NSCLC occurrence, development and metastasis and are associated with patient prognosis（P〈0.05 for OS and PFS）. This information will be beneficial for clinical antiangiogenic treatment in NSCLC.

Manipulating metal-sulfur interactions for achieving high-performance S cathodes for room temperature Li/Na-sulfur batteries

Rechargeable lithium/sodium-sulfur batteries working at room temperature(RT-Li/S,RT-Na/S)appear to be a promising energy storage system in terms of high theoretical energy density,low cost,and abundant resources in nature.They are,thus,considered as highly attractive candidates for future application in energy storage devices.Nevertheless,the solubility of sulfur species,sluggish kinetics of lithium/sodium sulfide compounds,and high reactivity of metallic anodes render these cells unstable.As a consequence,metal-sulfur batteries present low reversible capacity and quick capacity loss,which hinder their practical application.Investigations to address these issues regarding S cathodes are critical to the increase of their performance and our fundamental understanding of RT-Li/S and RT-Na/S battery systems.Metal-sulfur interactions,recently,have attracted considerable attention,and there have been new insights on pathways to high‐performance RT-Li/Na sulfur batteries,due to the following factors:(1)deliberate construction of metal-sulfur interactions can enable a leap in capacity;(2)metal-sulfur interactions can confine S species,as well as sodium sulfide compounds,to stop shuttle effects;(3)traces of metal species can help to encapsulate a high loading mass of sulfur with high‐cost efficiency;and(4)metal components make electrodes more conductive.In this review,we highlight the latest progress in sulfide immobilization via constructing metal bonding between various metals and S cathodes.Also,we summarize the storage mechanisms of Li/Na as well as the metal-sulfur interaction mechanisms.Furthermore,the current challenges and future remedies in terms of intact confinement and optimization of the electrochemical performance of RT-Li/Na sulfur systems are discussed in this review.

MicroRNA-93及Tspan1在结肠癌中的表达及其临床病理意义

目的探讨microRNA-93(miR-93)及Tspan1在结肠癌组织及细胞中的表达及其临床病理意义,预测两者的靶向调控关系。方法选取手术切除结肠癌组织及对应癌旁组织74例,人结肠癌细胞株(SW480、SW620、HCT116、CaCo-2、LoVo、HT29)及正常人结肠上皮细胞株(FHC),分别采用qRT-PCR及Western blotting检测miR-93、Tspan1 mRNA及Tspan1蛋白表达,观察两者在不同临床病理特征患者的表达差异,Pearson法分析miR-93与Tspan1 mRNA的相关性,采用TargetScan及GeneCard软件预测两者的靶向调控关系。结果与癌旁组织比较,miR-93在结肠癌组织中表达降低(P<0.05),Tspan1 mRNA及蛋白在结肠癌组织中表达升高(P<0.05);与正常人结肠上皮细胞比较,miR-93在结肠癌细胞株中表达降低(P<0.05),Tspan1 mRNA及蛋白在结肠癌细胞株中表达升高(P<0.05);miR-93在远处转移、淋巴结转移阳性、血管浸润阳性及高TNM分期患者中低表达(P<0.05),Tspan1 mRNA在远处转移、淋巴结转移阳性、血管浸润阳性及高TNM分期患者中高表达(P<0.05)。Pearson法相关性分析显示,miR-93与Tspan1 mRNA表达呈负相关[r=-0.735(95% CI:-0.855,-0.535),P=0.000]。生物信息学预测,miR-93及Tspan1在3’-UTR区可能具有靶向调控关系。结论 miR-93在结肠癌中低表达,Tspan1在结肠癌中高表达,miR-93及Tspan1具有靶向调控关系,两者可能成为结肠癌的肿瘤标志物或预测因子。

The design and synthesis of Prussian blue analogs as a sustainable cathode for sodium-ion batteries

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)present great appeal in various energy storage systems,especifically for stationary grid storage,on account of the abundance of sources and low cost.Unfortunately,the commercialization of SIBs is mainly limited by available electrode materials,especially for the cathodes.Prussian blue analogs(PBAs),emerge as a promising alternative for their structural feasibility in the application of SIBs.Decreasing the defects(vacancies and coordinated water)is an effective strategy to achieve superior electrochemical performance during the synthetic processes.Herein,we summarize crystal structures,synthetic methods,electrochemical mechanisms,and the influences of synthesis conditions of PBAs in detail.This comprehensive overview on the current research progresses of PBAs will give guides and directions to solve the existing problems for their application in SIBs.

A 30-year overview of sodium-ion batteries

Sodium-ion batteries(NIBs)have emerged as a promising alternative to commercial lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to the similar properties of the Li and Na elements as well as the abundance and accessibility of Na resources.Most of the current research has been focused on the half-cell system(using Na metal as the counter electrode)to evaluate the performance of the cathode/anode/electrolyte.The relationship between the performance achieved in half cells and that obtained in full cells,however,has been neglected in much of this research.Additionally,the trade-off in the relationship between electrochemical performance and cost needs to be given more consideration.Therefore,systematic and comprehensive insights into the research status and key issues for the full-cell system need to be gained to advance its commercialization.Consequently,this review evaluates the recent progress based on various cathodes and highlights the most significant challenges for full cells.Several strategies have also been proposed to enhance the electrochemical performance of NIBs,including designing electrode materials,optimizing electrolytes,sodium compensation,and so forth.Finally,perspectives and outlooks are provided to guide future research on sodium-ion full cells.

结直肠癌肝转移转化化疗的现状与展望

结直肠癌实质性器官转移中最常见的部位是肝脏,在诊疗过程中超过一半的结直肠癌患者都会发生肝转移。结直肠癌是否发生肝转移极大的影响了临床决策并直接决定了患者的预后。尽管化疗、手术的生存率有所提高,但将肝转移灶完整的切除是结直肠癌肝转移患者获得潜在治愈的唯一机会,多数证据表明外科手术具有显著的生存效益。转移灶肝切除术后的5年生存率可达到35%~55%。遗憾的是,只有10%~20%的患者被认为有资格进行手术切除。因此,运用转化治疗将初始不可切除的CRLM转化为可切除CRLM,从而提高m CRC患者的手术切除率、延长生存时期和改善预后,是当前的研究热点。本文就转化治疗(conversion therapy)中转化化疗的内涵、转化方法、研究进展进行综述。