Existence of Monotone Positive Solution for a Fourth-Order Three-Point BVP with Sign-Changing Green’s Function

This paper is concerned with the following fourth-order three-point boundary value problem , where , we discuss the existence of positive solutions to the above problem by applying to the fixed point theory in cones and iterative technique.

Co_(3)O_(4)as an efficient passive NO_(x) adsorber for emission control during cold-start of diesel engines

The Co_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles,dominated by a catalytically active(110)lattice plane,were synthesized as a low-temperature NO_(x) adsorbent to control the cold start emissions from vehicles.These nanoparticles boast a substantial quantity of active chemisorbed oxygen and lattice oxygen,which exhibited a NO_(x) uptake capacity commensurate with Pd/SSZ-13 at 100℃.The primary NO_(x) release temperature falls within a temperature range of 200-350℃,making it perfectly suitable for diesel engines.The characterization results demonstrate that chemisorbed oxygen facilitate nitro/nitrites intermediates formation,contributing to the NO_(x) storage at 100℃,while the nitrites begin to decompose within the 150-200℃range.Fortunately,lattice oxygen likely becomes involved in the activation of nitrites into more stable nitrate within this particular temperature range.The concurrent processes of nitrites decomposition and its conversion to nitrates results in a minimal NO_(x) release between the temperatures of 150-200℃.The nitrate formed via lattice oxygen mainly induces the NO_(x) to be released as NO_(2) within a temperature range of 200-350℃,which is advantageous in enhancing the NO_(x) activity of downstream NH_(3)-SCR catalysts,by boosting the fast SCR reaction pathway.Thanks to its low cost,considerable NO_(x) absorption capacity,and optimal release temperature,Co_(3)O_(4)demonstrates potential as an effective material for passive NO_(x) adsorber applications.

Thermodynamic equilibrium theory-guided design and synthesis of Mg-doped LiFe_(0.4)Mn_(0.6)PO_(4)/C cathode for lithium-ion batteries

Mn-rich LiFe_(1-x)Mn_(x)PO_(4)(x>0.5),which combines the high operation voltage of LiMnPO_(4)with excellent rate performa nce of LiFePO4,is hindered by its sluggish kinetic properties.Herein,thermodynamic equilibrium analysis of Mn^(2+)-Fe^(2+)-Mg^(2+)-C_(2)O_(4)^(2-)-H_(2)O system is used to guide the design and preparation of insitu Mg-doped(Fe_(0.4)Mn_(0.6))_(1-x)Mg_(x)C_(2)O_(4)intermediate,which is then employed as an innovative precursor to synthesize high-performance Mg-doped LiFe_(0.4)Mn_(0.6)PO_(4).It indicates that the metal ions with a high precipitation efficiency and the stoichiometric precursors with uniform element distribution can be achieved under the optimized thermodynamic conditions.Meanwhile,accelerated Li+diffusivity and reduced charge transfer resistance originating from Mg doping are verified by various kinetic characterizations.Benefiting from the contributions of inherited homogeneous element distribution,small particle size,uniform carbon layer coating,enhanced Li+migration ability and structural stability induced by Mg doping,the Li(Fe_(0.4)Mn_(0.6))_(0.97)Mg_(0.03)PO_(4)/C exhibits splendid electrochemical performance.

Integrated spatial metabolomics and transcriptomics decipher the hepatoprotection mechanisms of wedelolactone and demethylwedelolactone on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Eclipta prostrata L.has been used in traditional medicine and known for its liver-protective properties for centuries.Wedelolactone(WEL)and demethylwedelolactone(DWEL)are the major coumarins found in E.prostrata L.However,the comprehensive characterization of these two compounds on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)still remains to be explored.Utilizing a well-established zebrafish model of thioacetamide(TAA)-induced liver injury,the present study sought to investigate the impacts and mechanisms of WEL and DWEL on NAFLD through integrative spatial metabolomics with liver-specific transcriptomics analysis.Our results showed that WEL and DWEL significantly improved liver function and reduced the accumulation of fat in the liver.The biodistributions and metabolism of these two compounds in whole-body zebrafish were successfully mapped,and the discriminatory endogenous metabolites reversely regulated by WEL and DWEL treatments were also characterized.Based on spatial metabolomics and transcriptomics,we identified that steroid biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism are mainly involved in the hepatoprotective effects of WEL instead of DWEL.Our study unveils the distinct mechanism of WEL and DWEL in ameliorating NAFLD,and presents a“multi-omics”platform of spatial metabolomics and liver-specific transcriptomics to develop highly effective compounds for further improved therapy.

Composition optimization and performance prediction for ultra-stable water-based aerosol based on thermodynamic entropy theory

Water-based aerosol is widely used as an effective strategy in electro-optical countermeasure on the battlefield used to the preponderance of high efficiency,low cost and eco-friendly.Unfortunately,the stability of the water-based aerosol is always unsatisfactory due to the rapid evaporation and sedimentation of the aerosol droplets.Great efforts have been devoted to improve the stability of water-based aerosol by using additives with different composition and proportion.However,the lack of the criterion and principle for screening the effective additives results in excessive experimental time consumption and cost.And the stabilization time of the aerosol is still only 30 min,which could not meet the requirements of the perdurable interference.Herein,to improve the stability of water-based aerosol and optimize the complex formulation efficiently,a theoretical calculation method based on thermodynamic entropy theory is proposed.All the factors that influence the shielding effect,including polyol,stabilizer,propellant,water and cosolvent,are considered within calculation.An ultra-stable water-based aerosol with long duration over 120 min is obtained with the optimal fogging agent composition,providing enough time for fighting the electro-optic weapon.Theoretical design guideline for choosing the additives with high phase transition temperature and low phase transition enthalpy is also proposed,which greatly improves the total entropy change and reduce the absolute entropy change of the aerosol cooling process,and gives rise to an enhanced stability of the water-based aerosol.The theoretical calculation methodology contributes to an abstemious time and space for sieving the water-based aerosol with desirable performance and stability,and provides the powerful guarantee to the homeland security.

Impact of effective stress on permeability for carbonate fractured-vuggy rocks

To gain insight into the flow mechanisms and stress sensitivity for fractured-vuggy reservoirs,several core models with different structural characteristics were designed and fabricated to investigate the impact of effective stress on permeability for carbonate fractured-vuggy rocks(CFVR).It shows that the permeability performance curves under different pore and confining pressures(i.e.altered stress conditions)for the fractured core models and the vuggy core models have similar change patterns.The ranges of permeability variation are significantly wider at high pore pressures,indicating that permeability reduction is the most significant during the early stage of development for fractured-vuggy reservoirs.Since each obtained effective stress coefficient for permeability(ESCP)varies with the changes in confining pressure and pore pressure,the effective stresses for permeability of four representative CFVR show obvious nonlinear characteristics,and the variation ranges of ESCP are all between 0 and 1.Meanwhile,a comprehensive ESCP mathematical model considering triple media,including matrix pores,fractures,and dissolved vugs,was proposed.It is proved theoretically that the ESCP of CFVR generally varies between 0 and 1.Additionally,the regression results showed that the power model ranked highest among the four empirical models mainly applied in stress sensitivity characterization,followed by the logarithmic model,exponential model,and binomial model.The concept of“permeability decline rate”was introduced to better evaluate the stress sensitivity performance for CFVR,in which the one-fracture rock is the strongest,followed by the fracture-vug rock and two-horizontalfracture rock;the through-hole rock is the weakest.In general,this study provides a theoretical basis to guide the design of development and adjustment programs for carbonate fractured-vuggy reservoirs.

Current optimization-based control of dual three-phase PMSM for low-frequency temperature swing reduction

In this paper,a control scheme based on current optimization is proposed for dual three-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor(DTP-PMSM)drive to reduce the low-frequency temperature swing.The reduction of temperature swing can be equivalent to reducing maximum instantaneous phase copper loss in this paper.First,a two-level optimization aiming at minimizing maximum instantaneous phase copper loss at each electrical angle is proposed.Then,the optimization is transformed to a singlelevel optimization by introducing the auxiliary variable for easy solving.Considering that singleobjective optimization trades a great total copper loss for a small reduction of maximum phase copper loss,the optimization considering both instantaneous total copper loss and maximum phase copper loss is proposed,which has the same performance of temperature swing reduction but with lower total loss.In this way,the proposed control scheme can reduce maximum junction temperature by 11%.Both simulation and experimental results are presented to prove the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control scheme for low-frequency temperature swing reduction.

基于MSSA-XGBoost小样本核爆地震事件分类

核爆地震与天然地震事件的分类鉴别是全面禁止核试验条约中的一项重要任务。受限于核爆数据数量缺乏,论文研究了XGBoost模型在小样本场景下两类事件的分类问题,并利用SSA算法对模型关键超参数进行自主寻优。同时针对SSA算法的不足,采用高斯混沌映射方法、提出种群比例动态调整策略和引入步长调整因子进行改进,构建了MSSA-XGBoost分类模型。模型解决了初始种群分布不均匀,导致种群多样性减少,影响算法收敛速度的问题;解决了麻雀种群比例固定,容易陷入局部最优解的问题;以及解决了发现者位置更新步长固定,从而限制算法全局搜索能力与寻优效率的问题,实现了避免人工特征提取和XGBoost迭代次数、最大树深以及学习率三个重要超参数的自主寻优,在小样本地震事件分类中取得了优异的效果。实验结果表明,MSSA-XGBoost模型分类准确率达到了96.37%,优于原模型93.47%,也优于支持向量机与卷积神经网络,同时较原始模型计算效率提升了近30%。

Bile acids inhibit ferroptosis sensitivity through activating farnesoid X receptor in gastric cancer cells

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is associated with high mortality rates.Bile acids(BAs)reflux is a well-known risk factor for GC,but the specific mechanism remains unclear.During GC development in both humans and animals,BAs serve as signaling molecules that induce metabolic reprogramming.This confers additional cancer phenotypes,including ferroptosis sensitivity.Ferroptosis is a novel mode of cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation that contributes universally to malignant progression.However,it is not fully defined if BAs can influence GC progression by modulating ferroptosis.AIM To reveal the mechanism of BAs regulation in ferroptosis of GC cells.METHODS In this study,we treated GC cells with various stimuli and evaluated the effect of BAs on the sensitivity to ferroptosis.We used gain and loss of function assays to examine the impacts of farnesoid X receptor(FXR)and BTB and CNC homology 1(BACH1)overexpression and knockdown to obtain further insights into the molecular mechanism involved.RESULTS Our data suggested that BAs could reverse erastin-induced ferroptosis in GC cells.This effect correlated with increased glutathione(GSH)concentrations,a reduced GSH to oxidized GSH ratio,and higher GSH peroxidase 4(GPX4)expression levels.Subsequently,we confirmed that BAs exerted these effects by activating FXR,which markedly increased the expression of GSH synthetase and GPX4.Notably,BACH1 was detected as an essential intermediate molecule in the promotion of GSH synthesis by BAs and FXR.Finally,our results suggested that FXR could significantly promote GC cell proliferation,which may be closely related to its anti-ferroptosis effect.CONCLUSION This study revealed for the first time that BAs could inhibit ferroptosis sensitivity through the FXR-BACH1-GSHGPX4 axis in GC cells.This work provided new insights into the mechanism associated with BA-mediated promotion of GC and may help identify potential therapeutic targets for GC patients with BAs reflux.

Dynamic Offloading and Scheduling Strategy for Telematics Tasks Based on Latency Minimization

In current research on task offloading and resource scheduling in vehicular networks,vehicles are commonly assumed to maintain constant speed or relatively stationary states,and the impact of speed variations on task offloading is often overlooked.It is frequently assumed that vehicles can be accurately modeled during actual motion processes.However,in vehicular dynamic environments,both the tasks generated by the vehicles and the vehicles’surroundings are constantly changing,making it difficult to achieve real-time modeling for actual dynamic vehicular network scenarios.Taking into account the actual dynamic vehicular scenarios,this paper considers the real-time non-uniform movement of vehicles and proposes a vehicular task dynamic offloading and scheduling algorithm for single-task multi-vehicle vehicular network scenarios,attempting to solve the dynamic decision-making problem in task offloading process.The optimization objective is to minimize the average task completion time,which is formulated as a multi-constrained non-linear programming problem.Due to the mobility of vehicles,a constraint model is applied in the decision-making process to dynamically determine whether the communication range is sufficient for task offloading and transmission.Finally,the proposed vehicular task dynamic offloading and scheduling algorithm based on muti-agent deep deterministic policy gradient(MADDPG)is applied to solve the optimal solution of the optimization problem.Simulation results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper is able to achieve lower latency task computation offloading.Meanwhile,the average task completion time of the proposed algorithm in this paper can be improved by 7.6%compared to the performance of the MADDPG scheme and 51.1%compared to the performance of deep deterministic policy gradient(DDPG).

Value Iteration-Based Cooperative Adaptive Optimal Control for Multi-Player Differential Games With Incomplete Information

This paper presents a novel cooperative value iteration(VI)-based adaptive dynamic programming method for multi-player differential game models with a convergence proof.The players are divided into two groups in the learning process and adapt their policies sequentially.Our method removes the dependence of admissible initial policies,which is one of the main drawbacks of the PI-based frameworks.Furthermore,this algorithm enables the players to adapt their control policies without full knowledge of others’ system parameters or control laws.The efficacy of our method is illustrated by three examples.

Application of exosomal miRNA mediated macrophage polarization in colorectal cancer:Current progress and challenges

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a major global health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates.Surgical resection is the main treatment for early-stage CRC,but detecting it early is challenging.Therefore,effective therapeutic targets for advanced patients are still lacking.Exosomes,tiny vesicles in body fluids,play a crucial role in tumor metastasis,immune regulation,and drug resistance.Interestingly,they can even serve as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.Studies have shown that exosomes can carry miRNA,mediate the polarization of M1/M2 macrophages,promote the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells,and affect the prognosis of CRC.Since the gastrointestinal tract has many macrophages,understanding the mechanism behind exosomal miRNA-mediated macrophage polarization in CRC treatment is crucial.This article summarizes recent advancements in the study of exosomal miRNAs in CRC and their potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers.

Stress Echocardiography for Chronic Coronary Syndrome:Clinical Practice Guidelines(2023)

In the context of the People's Republic of China,coronary artery disease(CAD)presents a sig-nificant clinical challenge,with over 11.3 mil-lion patients diagnosed.Traditionally,the diagnos-is of CAD has predominantly relied on invasive coronary angiography.[1]However,recent advances in clinical research have revealed a notable trend:a substantial 82% of patients subjected to such invas-ive diagnostics do not necessitate interventional therapy.

采用深冷异步轧制提高高熵合金颗粒增强铝基复合材料的力学性能

为了获得更高性能的铝基复合材料(AMCs),采用室温异步轧制(AR,298 K)和深冷异步轧制(ACR,77 K)制备高熵合金颗粒增强铝基复合材料带材。通过拉伸实验、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对铝基复合材料的力学性能和微观结构进行分析。结果表明,深冷异步轧制比室温异步轧制更能提高复合材料的力学性能。深冷异步轧制含3%(质量分数)高熵合金颗粒的铝基复合材料的抗拉强度达到253 MPa,比室温异步轧制复合材料提高13.5%。与室温异步轧制相比,深冷异步轧制的复合材料具有更少的微孔洞、更细小的晶粒尺寸和更高的位错密度。深冷异步轧制复合材料微缺陷的减少是因为铝基高熵合金颗粒复合材料在深冷环境中具有合适的体积收缩效应。

不同类型近视牵引性黄斑病变的发病机制和手术疗效研究

目的:应用光学相干断层扫描(OCT)探讨不同类型近视牵引性黄斑病变(MTM)的发病机制及手术疗效。方法:回顾性纳入MTM患者193例(210眼),其中74眼(35.2%)行玻璃体切除联合内界膜(ILM)剥离术。将患者分为三组:中央凹脱离组(FD)、中心凹劈裂(FS)、板层黄斑裂孔(LMH)。根据基线(M0)的中央视网膜厚度(CFT),将FD组分为两个亚组:广泛性FD和局限性FD。观察指标包括最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、CFT、后巩膜葡萄肿高度(PSH)、黄斑前膜(ERM)和ILM脱离。采用线性回归分析玻璃体切除术后6mo(M6)的BCVA相关因素。结果:M0时,LMH组的ERM发生率更高(r_(s)=0.28,P<0.001),FD组和FS组的ILM脱离发生率更高(r_(s)=-0.25,P<0.001)。玻璃体切除术后,所有眼的CFT和BCVA均明显改善(P<0.001)。与局限性FD相比,广泛性FD组CFT更厚(r_(s)=0.56,P<0.001)、ILM脱离发生率更低(r_(s)=-0.25,P=0.034),鼻侧PSH更高(r_(s)=0.27,P=0.024)。与局限性FD相比,广泛性FD组在M0(P=0.013)和M6(P=0.030)时BCVA更差。M6时BCVA较差的相关因素包括广泛性FD(β=-0.295,P=0.042)和M0时BCVA(β=0.669,P<0.001)。结论:MTM有多种发病机制,其中ILM脱离可能在FD和FS的发展中占主导,ERM可能在LMH的发展中占主导。玻璃体切除联合ILM剥离手术可改善MTM患者的功能和解剖疗效。广泛性FD的预后可能较差。

含β"-Mg_(5)Si_(6)相Al-Mg-Si合金深冷环境强塑双增原子级机理

采用分子动力学方法研究β"-Mg_(5)Si_(6)析出相体积分数及深冷温度对Al-Mg-Si合金纳米力学特性的影响。模拟结果表明,与纯Al的峰值应力相比,当温度为77 K、β″析出相体积分数为0.107时,Al-Mg-Si合金的峰值应力提高97.05%。当β″析出相体积分数为0.107时,与300 K下样品的峰值应力相比,在27 K下该样品的峰值应力可提高23.55%。研究结果表明,深冷环境有助于提高总位错密度,使样品能够承受更大的应力,这为含β″相的Al-Mg-Si合金提供额外强度和韧性。降低温度可以明显抑制孔洞的萌生和生长(生长率27 K时下降88.5%),从而提高Al-Mg-Si合金的塑性。

基于联合仿真的短纤维增强聚合物共混挤出-注塑成形全流程模拟

短纤维增强聚合物广泛应用于汽车、电子、机械等领域,共混挤出和注塑成形是其最常见的制备和成形工艺。现有共混挤出与注塑成形的模拟仿真存在材料和工艺信息孤立、产品优化协同困难的问题,难以满足聚合物产品高端化与定制化的发展需求。文中提出了一种短纤维增强聚合物共混挤出-注塑成形过程的联合仿真方法,建立共混挤出过程全区域流场计算模型,基于流场模拟实现纤维断裂和纤维长度分布模拟,在此基础上,建立考虑纤维含量的流变与压力-比容-温度(PVT)模型计算材料等效热力学参数,通过模流-结构性能求解注塑拉伸试样的纤维取向与弹性模量分布,实现共混挤出-注塑成形全流程模拟。纤维质量分数为20%,30%和40%的玻纤增强尼龙6注塑拉伸试样弹性模量实验与模拟结果相对误差分别为9.94%,8.32%和3.72%,验证了联合仿真的准确性。

临床试验不良事件监管在可手术Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌新辅助治疗中的作用

背景与目的 程序性细胞死亡受体1(programmed cell death protein 1, PD-1)抑制剂联合含铂双药化疗是用于可手术Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)的新辅助治疗方法,相关药物临床试验的质量保证对试验结果起到至关重要的作用。本研究旨在探讨监管不良事件(adverse events, AEs)对降低患者治疗相关AEs的影响。方法 前瞻性收集2020年7月-2021年10月上海市胸科医院收治的NSCLC患者66例,均接受卡瑞利珠单抗联合多西他赛和顺铂新辅助治疗3个周期,新辅助治疗完成后4周-6周内接受手术;术后30 d内接受1个周期的术后辅助治疗,术后辅助治疗完成3周后进入卡瑞利珠单抗巩固治疗阶段,总计13个周期。采用生命质量测定量表(quality of life-C30, QoL-C30)测定患者生活质量,并监测AEs的发生情况。结果 总体安全性良好,66例患者共发生300次AEs,其中1级-2级AEs 282人次,3级-4级AEs 18人次。最常见的与PD-1抗体相关的3级-4级AEs为6次(9.1%)。监管新辅助治疗情况可使患者QOL-C30评分下降(P<0.05),生活质量提高。结论 卡瑞利珠单抗联合多西他赛和顺铂用于可手术Ⅲ期NSCLC的新辅助治疗,通过AEs的观察与管控,可以及时采取处理措施,减少并发症的进一步发生,保证患者安全,确保临床试验数据的真实、科学、可靠。

Tension-compression asymmetry and corresponding deformation mechanism in ZA21 magnesium bars with bimodal structure

We investigated the asymmetric tension-compression(T-C)behavior of ZA21 bars with bimodal and uniform structures through axial tension and compression tests.The results show that the yield strengths of bars having bimodal structure are 206.42 and 140.28 MPa under tension and compression,respectively,which are higher than those of bars having uniform structure with tensile and compressive yield strength of 183.71 and 102.86 MPa,respectively.Prismatic slip and extension twinning under tension and basal slip and extension twinning under compression dominate the yield behavior and induce the T-C asymmetry.However,due to the basal slip activated in fine grains under tension and the inhibition of extension twinning by fine grains under compression,the bimodal structure possesses a lower T-C asymmetry(0.68)compared to the uniform structure(0.56).Multiple extension twins occur during deformation,and the selection of twin variants depends on the Schmid factor of the six variants activated by parent grains.Furthermore,the strengthening effect of the bimodal structure depends on the grain size and the ratio of coarse and fine grains.

Amphibian pore-forming proteinβγ-CAT drives metabolite release from small extracellular vesicles through channel formation

DEAR EDITOR,Pore-forming proteins(PFPs)are widely distributed among all kingdoms of life and can oligomerize to form pores/channels in membrane systems.Extracellular vesicles(EVs)circulate in all biological fluids and can trigger biological responses at a distance,thus emerging as an additional means of intercellular communication through the release of cellular cargo,such as lipids,nucleic acids,metabolites,and proteins.To date,however,the mechanism by which EV contents are released into extracellular space remains unclear.In our previous study on toads(Bombina maxima),we identified a PFP and trefoil factor complexβγ-CAT(βγ-crystallin fused aerolysin-like protein(α-subunit)and trefoil factor(β-subunit)complex,hence namedβγ-CAT),which assembled under strict regulation in response to environmental cues.Here,we observed that the PFPβγ-CAT colocalized with EVs in the skin of B.maxima in vivo.Using small EVs(sEVs)isolated from B.maxima dermal fibroblast cells and murine fibroblast cells,we found thatβγ-CAT could specifically target and oligomerize on purified EVs,rather than disrupt membrane integrity,and promote the release of different metabolites.Our analysis revealed that a secretory PFP drove metabolite release from EVs through channel formation,providing novel clues for the delivery of EV content into extracellular space.