Time trends in myopia and high myopia prevalence in young university adults in China

AIM:To investigate time trends in myopia and high myopia prevalence over 6y among young university adults in China.METHODS:This is a 6-year series cross-sectional study from 2016 to 2021.Totally 4910 freshmen were enrolled and completed a questionnaire concerning age,gender,and disease history.Students with eye diseases were excluded after a detailed eye examination.The refractive status was measured by non-cycloplegic objective refraction and ocular parameters were measured by Lenstar 900.The examination followed the same protocol each year.Trends over time in myopia and high myopia prevalence,as well as ocular biometry parameters,were analyzed.RESULTS:From 2016 to 2021,the axial length(AL)and corneal radius(CR)increased significantly(P=0.002 for AL;P=0.04 for CR).However,the spherical equivalent(SE)and the ratio of axial length to the corneal radius(AL/CR)did not change significantly(P=0.59 for SE;P=0.24 for AL/CR).The frequency of AL≥26.0 mm increased from 26.6%in 2016 to 29.3%in 2021(P=0.05 for trend).The prevalence of myopia and high myopia did not change significantly in our study(P≥0.18).Compared to a similar cross-sectional study conducted 10 years ago,the prevalence of myopia decreased significantly(94.9%vs 91.8%,P<0.001).Whereas the prevalence of high myopia increased largely(18.12%vs 27.6%,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:The prevalence of high myopia increases in young university adults during 10y period.Myopia control should begin earlier in childhood.However,these interventions are still needed for high myopia even in young adulthood.

Associations between polymorphisms in leptin and leptin receptor genes and colorectal cancer survival

Objective:Leptin(LEP)is an obesity-associated adipokine associated with tumor cell growth.We examined the relevance of genetic variants of LEP and leptin receptor(LEPR)to colorectal cancer(CRC)survival by using data from the Newfoundland Familial Colorectal Cancer Study.Methods:A total of 532 patients newly diagnosed with CRC between 1997 and 2003 were followed up until April 2010.Data on their demographics and lifestyles were collected via questionnaires.Genotyping of blood samples was performed with the Illumina Human Omni-Quad Bead chip.Multivariable Cox models were used to assess the relationships of 35 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in LEP and LEPR with overall survival(OS),disease-free survival(DFS),and CRC-specific survival.Results:At the gene level,LEP was associated with DFS(P=0.017),and LEPR was associated with both DFS(P=0.021)and CRCspecific survival(P=0.013)in patients with CRC.In single-SNP analysis,LEP rs11763517,LEPR rs9436301,and LEPR rs7602 were associated with DFS after adjustment for multiple testing.The LEPR haplotypes G-C-T(rs7534511-rs9436301-rs1887285)and A-A-G(rs7602-rs970467-rs9436748)were associated with prolonged OS among patients with CRC overall(G-C-T:HR,0.63;95%CI,0.43–0.93;A-A-G:HR,0.59;95%CI,0.38–0.91)and those diagnosed with colon cancer(G-C-T:HR,0.54;95%CI,0.34–0.86;A-A-G:HR,0.49;95%CI,0.29–0.83).Similar results were observed for DFS.Moreover,significant interactions were found among LEPR rs7602(A vs.G),LEPR rs1171278(T vs.C),red meat intake,and BMI status:the associations between these variants and prolonged DFS were limited to patients with below-median red meat consumption and body mass index(BMI)<25 kg/m2.Conclusions:Polymorphic variations in the LEP and LEPR genes were associated with survival of patients after CRC diagnosis.The LEP/LEPR-CRC survival association was modified by participants’red meat intake and BMI.

铅阳极泥碱性加压氧化浸出脱砷过程中As-N-Na-H_2O系的φ-pH图（英文）

为阐明砷在铅阳极泥碱性加压氧化浸出过程(NaNO_3为氧化剂;NaOH为碱性试剂)中的热力学特性,通过热力学计算绘制体系离子质量浓度为0.1 mol/kg,温度为298、373、423和473 K条件下的As-Na-H_2O、N-H_2O和As-N-Na-H_2O系的φ-pH图。结果表明,砷的存在形态与pH值有关。当pH值较低时,砷主要以H_3AsO_4、H_2AsO_4^-、HAsO_4^(2-)、H_2AsO_2^-及As_2O_3的形式存在;当pH>11.14时,砷主要以AsO_4^(3-)形式存在,高碱浓度及高温对砷浸出有利。碱性加压氧化浸出实验表明,砷浸出率变化趋势与As-N-Na-H_2O系φ-pH图的热力学分析结果一致,在453K时砷的最佳浸出率为95.85%。

麻疯树精细胞分离

将麻疯树成熟花粉置于一定渗透剂溶液中,可使其破裂,释放出其中的一对精细胞。释放的精细胞在20~30 min后用FDA染色仍可显示具有活性的荧光。用显微操作仪将释放的精细胞收集,得到一定数量具有活性的精细胞群体。研究了不同渗透剂浓度下释放的精细胞状态,比较了不同渗透剂的精细胞释放率及保持精细胞活性的最适浓度,以7.5%的葡萄糖溶液分离麻疯树精细胞的最佳浓度。麻疯树精细胞的成功分离为其离体受精实验奠定了一定基础,也为研究麻疯树精细胞发育的分子生物学实验提供了材料。

The status of professional identity and professional self-efficacy of nursing students in China and how the medical documentaries affect them: A quasi-randomized controlled trial

Objectives: Professional identity and self-efficacy are important for the education and career develop-ment of students. However, how to improve these factors among Chinese nursing students needs further study. This quasi-randomized control trial was designed to explore the effect of medical documentaries on professional self-efficacy and identity among nursing students in Chinese technical schools. Methods: A total of 277 nursing students were enrolled in this study and divided into an experimental group (n = 135) and a control group (n = 142). The experimental group was invited to watch Chinese medical documentaries, whereas the control group remained on a waiting list. A self-designed general questionnaire, along with professional identity and professional self-efficacy questionnaires, was completed by the nursing students. Results: No significant change in professional self-efficacy was observed (-3.55 ± 14.23, P=0.173) in the experimental group, while professional identity significantly declined (-6.24 ± 12.85, P = 0.002) after the intervention. No significant change was found in the two aspects in the control group. Conclusion: Medical documentaries negatively affect professional identity but do not affect professional self-efficacy. Further researches should be conducted to explore the real reasons.

The effects of claudin 14 during early Wallerian degeneration after sciatic nerve injury

Claudin 14 has been shown to promote nerve repair and regeneration in the early stages of Wallerian degeneration(0–4 days) in rats with sciatic nerve injury, but the mechanism underlying this process remains poorly understood. This study reported the effects of claudin 14 on nerve degeneration and regeneration during early Wallerian degeneration. Claudin 14 expression was up-regulated in sciatic nerve 4 days after Wallerian degeneration. The altered expression of claudin 14 in Schwann cells resulted in expression changes of cytokines in vitro. Expression of claudin 14 affected c-Jun, but not Akt and ERK1/2 pathways. Further studies revealed that enhanced expression of claudin 14 could promote Schwann cell proliferation and migration. Silencing of claudin 14 expression resulted in Schwann cell apoptosis and reduction in Schwann cell proliferation. Our data revealed the role of claudin 14 in early Wallerian degeneration, which may provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of Wallerian degeneration.

Alkaline pressure oxidative leaching of bismuth-rich and arsenic-rich lead anode slime

A new alkaline pressure oxidative leaching process(with NaNO3 as the oxidant and NaOH as the alkaline reagent)is proposed herein to remove arsenic,antimony,and lead from bismuth-rich and arsenic-rich lead anode slime for bismuth,gold,and silver enrichment.The effects of the temperature,liquid-to-solid ratio,leaching time,and reagent concentration on the leaching ratios of arsenic,antimony,and lead were investigated to identify the optimum leaching conditions.The experimental results under optimized conditions indicate that the average leaching ratios of arsenic,antimony and lead are 95.36%,79.98%,63.08%,respectively.X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the leaching residue is composed of Bi,Bi2O3,Pb2Sb2O7,and trace amounts of NaSb(OH)6.Arsenic,antimony,and lead are thus separated from lead anode slime as Na3AsO4·10H2O and Pb2Sb2O7.Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry imaging revealed that the samples undergo appreciable changes in their surface morphology during leaching and that the majority of arsenic,lead,and antimony is removed.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to demonstrate the variation in the valence states of the arsenic,lead,and antimony.The Pb(IV)and Sb(V)content was found to increase substantially with the addition of NaNO3.

HRM: H-tree based reconfiguration mechanism in reconfigurable homogeneous PE array

In order to accommodate the variety of algorithms with different performance in specific application and improve power efficiency,reconfigurable architecture has become an effective methodology in academia and industry.However,existing architectures suffer from performance bottleneck due to slow updating of contexts and inadequate flexibility.This paper presents an H-tree based reconfiguration mechanism(HRM)with Huffman-coding-like and mask addressing method in a homogeneous processing element(PE)array,which supports both programmable and data-driven modes.The proposed HRM can transfer reconfiguration instructions/contexts to a particular PE or associated PEs simultaneously in one clock cycle in unicast,multicast and broadcast mode,and shut down the unnecessary PE/PEs according to the current configuration.To verify the correctness and efficiency,we implement it in RTL synthesis and FPGA prototype.Compared to prior works,the experiment results show that the HRM has improved the work frequency by an average of 23.4%,increased the updating speed by 2×,and reduced the area by 36.9%;HRM can also power off the unnecessary PEs which reduced 51%of dynamic power dissipation in certain application configuration.Furthermore,in the data-driven mode,the system frequency can reach 214 MHz,which is 1.68×higher compared with the programmable mode.

Sustained delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor mediated by bioactive methacrylic anhydride hydrogel accelerates peripheral nerve regeneration after crush injury

Neurotrophic factors,currently administered orally or by intravenous drip or intramuscular injection,are the main method for the treatment of peripheral nerve crush injury.However,the low effective drug concentration arriving at the injury site results in unsatisfactory outcomes.Therefore,there is an urgent need for a treatment method that can increase the effective drug concentration in the injured area.In this study,we first fabricated a gelatin modified by methacrylic anhydride hydrogel and loaded it with vascular endothelial growth factor that allowed the controlled release of the neurotrophic factor.This modified gelatin exhibited good physical and chemical properties,biocompatibility and supported the adhesion and proliferation of RSC96 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells.When injected into the epineurium of crushed nerves,the composite hydrogel in the rat sciatic nerve crush injury model promoted nerve regeneration,functional recovery and vascularization.The results showed that the modified gelatin gave sustained delivery of vascular endothelial growth factors and accelerated the repair of crushed peripheral nerves.

Proteoglycans and their functions in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is a highly malignant disease that has a poor prognosis.Its high lethality is mainly due to the lack of symptoms at early stages,which culminates in diagnosis at a late stage when the tumor has already metastasized.Unfortunately,the common cancer biomarkers have low sensitivity and specificity in esophageal cancer.Therefore,a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying ESCC progression is needed to identify novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for intervention.The invasion of cancer cells into the surrounding tissue is a crucial step for metastasis.During metastasis,tumor cells can interact with extracellular components and secrete proteolytic enzymes to remodel the surrounding tumor microenvironment.Proteoglycans are one of the major components of extracellular matrix.They are involved in multiple processes of cancer cell invasion and metastasis by interacting with soluble bioactive molecules,surrounding matrix,cell surface receptors,and enzymes.Apart from having diverse functions in tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment,proteoglycans also have diagnostic and prognostic significance in cancer patients.However,the functional significance and underlying mechanisms of proteoglycans in ESCC are not well understood.This review summarizes the proteoglycans that have been studied in ESCC in order to provide a comprehensive view of the role of proteoglycans in the progression of this cancer type.A long term goal would be to exploit these molecules to provide new strategies for therapeutic intervention.

生物质基锂硫电池正极材料的超临界制备及其电化学性能研究

为了缓解锂硫电池的穿梭效应,提高其电化学性能,本研究利用橘皮为碳源合成了一种氮掺杂的纳米片状多孔碳(NNPC),并通过超临界二氧化碳沉积技术合成了硫碳复合材料(C-S-CO2)作为电池的正极材料,其载硫量达到64%。通过XRD、XPS、SEM、TEM、以及拉曼等方法对材料的表面形貌和特性进行了表征。电化学测试表明,在0.2 C的电流密度下,C-S-CO2复合正极材料的初始比容量达到1065 mAh g?1,远高于熔融渗透法合成的硫碳材料(C-S-M)的初始比容量773 mAh g?1;并且经过200次循环之后,C-S-CO2的保持率能达到70%左右。

Effect of NaNO3 concentration on anodic electrochemical behavior on the Sb surface in NaOH solution

The effect of NaNO_3 concentration on the anodic electrochemical behavior of antimony in 4 M NaOH solution was investigated using cyclic voltammetry(CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) analyses. The mechanism of NO_3^-concentration effect on the anodic electrochemical behavior of antimony was proposed, and its availability was confirmed by experimental results. The effect of NaNO_3 on the anodic behavior of antimony in Na OH solution can be interpreted as a stepwise formation of different antimony compounds with different NaNO_3 concentrations. Metallic antimony is apt to be oxidized into Sb_2O_3 within the NaNO_3 concentration range of 0–0.48 M. NaSbO_3 can be found on the antimony surface when the NaNO_3 concentration increases gradually. Insoluable NaSbO_3 inhibits the anodic oxidation of antimony due to its shielding effect on the mass transport of the reactants and products. Surface morphology and composition were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), scanning electronic microscopy(SEM), and electron dispersion spectroscopy(EDS) analyses. Results indicate that the anodic oxidation layer is composed of Sb_2O_3, NaSbO_3, and Sb. The atomic proportion of antimony in the form of NaSbO_3 increases with increasing NaNO_3 concentration due to the powerful oxidizing property of NaNO_3.

葡萄糖受体靶向型超支化功能聚合物的合成及荧光标记和抗菌应用

传统的小分子抗菌剂受限于其易挥发、化学稳定性差、使用剂量大,且有不易于实现对细菌的选择性标记和杀灭性能等的缺点,在实际应用中具有一定的局限性。文中以聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯(A_(2))、1-(2-氨基乙基)哌嗪(B_(3))为功能单体,氨基葡萄糖为封端剂,通过Micheal加成反应得到了一类具有葡萄糖受体识别功能的超支化聚合物。这类聚合物因分子内富含叔胺结构,故具有良好的自发荧光性。通过研究其在不同外界环境中的荧光性能,揭示了聚合物浓度、温度、溶剂均会在一定程度上影响其荧光强度。实验结果表明,最佳荧光发光条件为温度20℃,聚合物浓度为0.1 mg/mL,pH=3,最佳激发波长为λ_(EX.)=350nm。合理调节外部条件可使其获得良好的荧光性质,故该类含糖超支化聚合物有望成为一种高效的基于细菌胞外葡萄糖受体的检测型抗菌剂。

Prevalence and inconformity of refractive errors and ocular biometry of 3573 medical university freshman students for 4 consecutive years

AIM:To evaluate the prevalence of refractive errors and ocular biometry in 3573 freshman students at Tianjin Medical University for 4 consecutive years.METHODS:In this university-based, cross-sectional study, comprising 3573 students, visual acuity(VA), slitlamp examination, non-cycloplegic auto-refraction, and ocular biometry were recorded.RESULTS:The prevalence of myopia increased annually, from 2017 to 2020 were 93.5%, 94.5%, 95.9%, and 96.2%, respectively(P=0.03), and the prevalence of high myopia was 25.7%, 26.9%, 28.6%, and 28.6%, respectively. Males tended to have a higher percentage of total astigmatism than females, with astigmatism ≥0.75 and ≥1.0 D criteria. The percentage of with-the-rule astigmatism, against-therule astigmatism, and oblique astigmatism was 90.3%, 5.8%, and 3.9%, respectively, with astigmatism ≥1.00 D criteria. The mean spherical equivalent, axial length(AL), central corneal thickness(CCT), anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens thickness(LT), corneal radius(CR), and lens position(LP) were 4.37±2.52 D, 25.28±1.24 mm, 539.49±34.98 μm, 3.31±0.34 mm, 3.47±0.21 mm, 7.8±0.28 mm, and 5.04±0.32 mm, respectively. With diopter increase in myopia, the AL became longer, CR became steeper, ACD became deeper, LT became thinner, and LP became more posterior(all P<0.01). Females had a shorter AL, thinner CCT, smaller CR, shallower ACD, thicker lens, and more anterior LP than males(P<0.01). The 64% of high myopia had AL≥26 mm, meanwhile, 5.8% mild myopia and 21.1% moderate myopia had AL≥26 mm. With AL≥26 mm, mild and moderate myopia compared to high myopia, AL was shorter(26.51±0.46 vs 26.87±0.70 mm), CR was larger(8.10±0.3 vs 7.85±0.23 mm) and LT was thinner(3.39±0.19 vs 3.45±0.19 mm, P<0.001).CONCLUSION:The prevalence of myopia and high myopia is significantly high in freshman students. The majority of astigmatism is with-the-rule. Inconformity of refractive errors and ocular biometry existed in some students. Attention should be paid to the ocular biometry of myopia.

凝聚态物质科学科研数据管理与应用

大数据已经以不可阻挡的脚步踏入了社会生活,大到国家范围流行病趋势的准确预测[1]、纳斯达克上市公司市值估算(http://busmiamiedu/umbfc/common/files/papers/Karabulutpdf);小到机票最佳购买时机的选择[2]、出行自动导航等[3].作为一种新的技术,大数据已对人们的生活、生产带来了深远的变革性影响[4,5].

Deciphering the chromatin spatial organization landscapes during BMMSC differentiation

The differentiation imbalance in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMMSCs)is critical for the development of bone density diseases as the population ages.BMMSCs are precursor cells for osteoblasts and adipocytes;however,the chromatin organization landscapes during BMMSC differentiation remain elusive.In this study,we systematically delineate the four-dimensional genome and dynamic epigenetic atlas of BMMSCs by RNA sequencing,assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing,and highthroughput chromosome conformation capture.The structure analyses reveal 17.5%common and28.5%-30%specific loops among BMMSCs,osteoblasts,and adipocytes.The subsequent correlation of genome-wide association studies and expression quantitative trait locus(e QTL)data with multi-omics analysis reveal 274 genes and 3634 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)associated with bone degeneration and osteoporosis(OP).We hypothesize that SNP mutations affect transcription factor(TF)binding sites,thereby affecting changes in gene expression.Furthermore,26 motifs,260 TFs,and 291SNPs are identified to affect the e QTL.Among these genes,DAAM2,TIMP2,and TMEM241 are found to be essential for diseases such as bone degeneration and OP and may serve as potential drug targets.

Self-oriented central-tumor delivery of legumain-cleavable vehicles governed by circulating monocyte/macrophage for precise tumor enrichment and immune activation

Compressed blood and intratumoral lymphatic vessels induced by proliferated tumor cells and elevated interstitial fluid pressure produce regional hypoxic and necrotic region within tumors,which severely reduced the accessibility of immunogenic cell death(ICD)related drugs and immune-related cells.Herein,the strategy of self-oriented deep tumor delivery by circulating monocyte/macrophage was proposed.Briefly,CS-AI including an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)inhibitor indoximod(IND)and hydrophilic chitosan(CSO)linked with alanine-alanine-asparagine(AAN)was prepared,which could be selectively cleaved by legumain overexpressed in macrophages and promote the collapse in structure.Then,CS-AI was modified with mannose on the surface and further encapsulated the ICD inducer doxorubicin(DOX)to obtain M-CS-AI/DOX.Upon intravenous injection,MCS-AI/DOX was specially recognized and internalized by circulating monocyte in vivo.The formed drugs/monocyte tend to distribute in hypoxia/necrosis region guided by the homing signals released by tumor.Accumulated monocytes then further differentiated into macrophages,up-regulating the expression of legumain and promoting the sensitive-release of chemo-drug DOX,IND,and the mannose-modified CSO(M-CSO).The released IND would specifically regulate immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment,and synergistically inhibit tumor growth with immune activation elements,ICD-induced DOX,and the favorable adjuvant M-CSO.In summary,the self-oriented deep tumor delivery of legumain-cleavable nanovesicles through circulating monocyte makes it possible for reaching tumor regions inaccessible for nanoparticles and provides a novel insight for precise tumor enrichment and immune activation.

Impacts of low-order aberrations on capacity of orbital-angular-momentum quantum states

We use Hypergeometric Gaussian-II(HyGG-II)modes to investigate the impacts of non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence on the Holevo channel capacity of a quantum communication scheme.The capacity of HyGG-II modes can be higher than that of Laguerre-Gaussian modes via modulating the hollowness parameter.The influences of low-order turbulence aberrations including tilt,defocus,astigmatism,and coma on the capacity are also explored.Generally,tilt aberration dominates among all low-order aberrations and defocus and astigmatism aberrations are always negligible.By contrast,the effect of coma aberration can be enhanced to be non-negligible when the turbulence strength or the channel zenith angle is enhanced.We also show that only the total and tilt aberrations are sensitive to the non-Kolmogorov power-law exponent.Our results may contribute to the quantum optical communication as well as aberration compensation in turbulent channels utilizing the novel family of vortex beams.

Autophagy induced by human adenovirus B7 structural protein VI inhibits viral replication

Human adenovirus B7(HAdV-B7)causes severe acute lower respiratory tract infections in children.However,neither the child-specific antivirals or vaccines are available,nor the pathogenesis is clear.Autophagy,as part of innate immunity,plays an important role in resistance to viral infection by degrading the virus and promoting the development of innate and adaptive immunity.This study provided evidence that HAdV-B7 infection induced complete autophagic flux,and the pharmacological induction of autophagy decreased HAdV-B7 replication.In this process,the host protein Bcl2-associated athanogene 3(BAG3)mediated autophagy to inhibit the replication of HAdV-B7 by binding to the PPSY structural domain of viral protein pVI through its WW structural domain.These findings further our understanding of the host immune response during viral infection and will help to develop broad anti-HAdV therapies.

秦岭中段野生动物多样性的红外相机监测数据库平台介绍

秦岭地处我国中西部,生物地理位置重要,拥有丰富的生物多样性,有大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)、秦岭羚牛(Budorcas bedfordi)、金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)和朱鹮(Nipponia nippon)等4个秦岭森林旗舰物种,被称为"秦岭四宝"。利用红外相机技术开展秦岭野生动物的非损伤性监测不仅可以为秦岭山系提供物种名录信息,还可以为了解秦岭野生动物的行为和活动格局提供科学数据。清华大学环境学院生态团队自2009–2020年在秦岭中段南坡先后实施了7个项目,对秦岭南坡的4个保护区进行了野生动物监测,面积达1,113 km2(26.5 km×42 km),红外相机位点数267个,相机日数152,160天,共获取红外相机照片855,260张。共鉴定出27种野生兽类和63种野生鸟类,并应用这些照片数据开展了信息挖掘工作,对野生动物行为、稀有物种、与生境的关系,以及人为活动对野生动物的影响等领域进行了研究,已取得部分成果。在此基础上建立了"秦岭中段野生动物多样性的红外相机监测数据库平台",供团队内部及合作者使用。通过10年的监测,我们提出未来研究建议:(1)对于非常偶见的物种,还需要更长的时间并在更多样化的生境布设相机,以获取更多影像数据评估其现状;(2)数据库需要在更大程度和深度上进行信息挖掘,尤其在种间关系、物种–生境关系、种群动态等方面;(3)对典型大种群数量的物种(如秦岭羚牛和野猪Sus scrofa)及食物链顶端大型捕食动物(如金钱豹Panthera pardus)进行种群动态研究,为整个秦岭生态系统的健康持续提供科学支撑;(4)利用数据库的数据及今后红外相机监测数据进行野生动物疾病的发生发展监测研究。