Glucose metabolism profile recorded by flash glucose monitoring system in patients with hypopituitarism during prednisone replacement

BACKGROUND Commonly used glucocorticoids replacement regimens in patients with hypopituitarism have difficulty mimicking physiological cortisol rhythms and are usually accompanied by risks of over-treatment,with adverse effects on glucose metabolism.Disorders associated with glucose metabolism are established risk factors of cardiovascular events,one of the life-threatening ramifications.AIM To investigate the glycometabolism profile in patients with hypopituitarism receiving prednisone(Pred)replacement,and to clarify the impacts of different Pred doses on glycometabolism and consequent adverse cardiovascular outcomes.METHODS Twenty patients with hypopituitarism receiving Pred replacement[patient group(PG)]and 20 normal controls(NCs)were recruited.A flash glucose monitoring system was used to record continuous glucose levels during the day,which provided information on glucose-target-rate,glucose variability(GV),period glucose level,and hypoglycemia occurrence at certain periods.Islet β-cell function was also assessed.Based on the administered Pred dose per day,the PG was then regrouped into Pred>5 mg/d and Pred≤5 mg/d subgroups.Comparative analysis was carried out between the PG and NCs.RESULTS Significantly altered glucose metabolism profiles were identified in the PG.This includes significant reductions in glucose-target-rate and nocturnal glucose level,along with elevations in GV,hypoglycemia occurrence and postprandial glucose level,when compared with those in NCs.Subgroup analysis indicated more significant glucose metabolism impairment in the Pred>5 mg/d group,including significantly decreased glucose-target-rate and nocturnal glucose level,along with increased GV,hypoglycemia occurrence,and postprandial glucose level.With regard to islet β-cell function,PG showed significant difference in homeostasis model assessment(HOMA)-β compared with that of NCs;a notable difference in HOMA-βwas identified in Pred>5 mg/d group when compared with those of NCs;as for Pred≤5 mg/d group,significant differences were found in HOMA-β,and fasting glucose/insulin ratio when compared with NCs.CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that Pred replacement disrupted glycometabolic homeostasis in patients with hypopituitarism.A Pred dose of>5 mg/d seemed to cause more adverse effects on glycometabolism than a dose of≤5 mg/d.Comprehensive and accurate evaluation is necessary to consider a suitable Pred replacement regimen,wherein,flash glucose monitoring system is a kind of promising and reliable assessment device.The present data allows us to thoroughly examine our modern treatment standards,especially in difficult cases such as hormonal replacement mimicking delicate natural cycles,in conditions such as diabetes mellitus that are rapidly growing in worldwide prevalence.

An R2R3-type transcription factor gene AtMYB59 regulates root growth and cell cycle progression in Arabidopsis

MYB 蛋白质在真核细胞的有机体起重要作用。在植物， R1R2R3 类型 MYB 蛋白质在房间周期控制工作。然而， R2R3 类型 MYB 蛋白质是否也涉及房间部门过程，仍然保持未知。这里，我们报导那 R2R3 类型抄写因素基因， AtMYB59，涉及房间周期前进和根生长的规定。AtMYB59 蛋白质在洋葱的原子核是局部性的表皮的房间并且 transactivation 活动。在酵母房间的 AtMYB59 的表示压制房间增长，和 transformants 与更长的房间有更多的原子核和更高的 aneuploid DNA 内容。在 AtMYB59 的保存领域的变化在酵母细胞生长上废除它的效果。在同步 Arabidopsis 房间暂停， AtMYB59 基因明确地在房间周期前进期间在 S 阶段被表示。表示和 promoter-GUS 分析表明 AtMYB59 基因富有地在根被表示。转基因的植物 overexpressing AtMYB59 更短的根与野类型的植物(Arabidopsis 就职 Col-0 ) 相比，并且在在根尖端的有丝分裂的房间的一半附近在中期。相反地，空变异的 myb59-1 比关口在中期让更长的根和更少有丝分裂的房间，建议那 AtMYB59 可以由扩大有丝分裂的房间的中期禁止根生长。AtMYB59 调整许多下游的基因，包括 CYCB1； 1 基因，可能通过到 MYB 应答的元素的绑定。这些结果在细胞周期规定和植物根生长为 AtMYB59 支持一个角色。

Efficacy and safety of stellate ganglion block in chronic ulcerative colitis

AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of stellate ganglion block for the treatment of patients with chronic ulcerative colitis.METHODS A total of 120 randomly selected patients with chronic ulcerative colitis treated in Cangzhou Central Hospital from January 2014 to January 2016 were included in this study. These patients were divided into two groups: control group(n = 30), patients received oral sulfasalazine treatment; experimental group(n = 90), patients received stellate ganglion block treatment. Clinical symptoms and disease activity in these two groups were compared before and after treatment using endoscopy. Blood was collected from patients on day 0, 10, 20 and 30 after treatment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to determine interleukin-8(IL-8) level. The changes in IL-8 level post-treatment in the two groups were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance.RESULTS After treatment, clinical symptoms and disease activity were shown to be alleviated by endoscopy in both the control and experimental groups. However, patients in the control group did not have obvious abdominal pain relief. In addition, the degree of pain relief in the experimental group was statistically better than that in the control group(P < 0.05). Ten days after treatment, IL-8 level was found to be significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). In addition, adverse events were significantly higher in the control group than in the experimental group, and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2 = 33.215, P = 0.000).CONCLUSION The application of stellate ganglion block effectively improves treatment efficacy in chronic ulcerative colitis, relieves clinical symptoms in patients, and reduces the level of inflammatory factors. Furthermore, this approach also had a positive impact on the disease to a certain extent.

Autoimmune liver disease-related autoantibodies in patients with biliary atresia

AIM To investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of autoimmune liver disease(ALD)-related autoantibodies in patients with biliary atresia(BA).METHODS Sera of 124 BA patients and 140 age-matched non-BA controls were assayed for detection of the following autoantibodies: ALD profile and specific anti-nuclear antibodies(ANAs), by line-blot assay; ANA and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA), by indirect immunofluorescence assay; specific ANCAs and antiM2-3 E, by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Associations of these autoantibodies with the clinical features of BA(i.e., cytomegalovirus infection, degree of liver fibrosis, and short-term prognosis of Kasai procedure) were evaluated by Spearman's correlation coefficient.RESULTS The overall positive rate of serum autoantibodies in preoperative BA patients was 56.5%. ALD profile assay showed that the positive reaction to primary biliary cholangitis-related autoantibodies in BA patients was higher than that to autoimmune hepatitis-related autoantibodies. Among these autoantibodies, anti-BPO was detected more frequently in the BA patients than in the controls(14.8% vs 2.2%, P < 0.05). Accordingly, 32(25.8%) of the 124 BA patients also showed a high positive reaction for anti-M2-3 E. By comparison, the controls had a remarkably lower frequency of anti-M2-3 E(P < 0.05), with 6/92(8.6%) of patients with other liver diseases and 2/48(4.2%) of healthy controls. The prevalence of ANA in BA patients was 11.3%, which was higher than that in disease controls(3.3%, P < 0.05), but the reactivity to specific ANAs was only 8.2%. The prevalence of ANCAs(ANCA or specific ANCAs) in BA patients was also remarkably higher than that in the healthy controls(37.9% vs 6.3%, P < 0.05), but showed no difference from that in patients with other cholestasis. ANCA positivity was closely associated with the occurrence of postoperative cholangitis(r = 0.61, P < 0.05), whereas none of the autoantibodies showed a correlation to cytomegalovirus infection or the stages of liver fibrosis.CONCLUSION High prevalence of autoantibodies in the BA developmental process strongly reveals the autoimmunemediated pathogenesis. Serological ANCA positivity may be a useful predictive biomarker of postoperative cholangitis.

Theoretical analysis on deflagration-to-detonation transition

The study on deflagration-to-detonation transition （DDT） is very important because this mechanism has relevance to safety issues in industries, where combustible premixed gases are in general use. However, the quantitative prediction of DDT is one of the major unsolved problems in combustion and detonation theory to date. In this paper, the DDT process is studied theoretically and the critical condition is given by a concise theoretical expression. The results show that a deflagration wave propagating with about 60% Chapman-Jouguet （C J） detonation velocity is a critical condition. This velocity is the maximum propagating velocity of a deflagration wave and almost equal to the sound speed of combustion products. When this critical condition is reached, a CJ detonation is triggered immediately. This is the quantitative criteria of the DDT process.

Preparation of furfural and reaction kinetics of xylose dehydration to furfural in high-temperature water

Factors influencing dehydration of xylose to furfural,such as catalyst and extract agents,were investigated.Results indicated that high-temperature water may substitute for solid and liquid acid as a catalyst,and ethyl butyrate improved furfural yield for the high distribution coefficient.A furfural yield of 75 % was obtained at200 °C for 3 h in ethyl butyrate/water.The reaction kinetics of xylose dehydration to furfural was investigated and it was found that the reaction order was 0.5,and the activation energy was 68.5 k J/mol.The rate constant k showed a clear agreement with the Arrhenius law from160 to 200 °C.

Application of auricular acupoints therapy in relieving the gastrointestinal side effects induced by chemotherapy： an integrative review

Background： It is an urgent matter to relieve the side effects induced by chemotherapy. In recent years, auricular acupoints therapy, which is a nursing technique used in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, has been used on many patients who are undergoing chemotherapy without causing any side effects. Furthermore, it has a good efficacy and is inexpensive. Aim： The aim of this study was to provide evidence for the need of further research in the treatment and nursing of patients during chemotherapy. Methods： We conducted an integrated review of the reports in CNK1, WanFang Data, SinoMed, and PubMed databases for journal articles published after 1990. The search terms included auricular acupoints taping and pressing, auricular acupoints therapy, auricular point sticking, ear points, chemotherapy, and side effects and relevant Medical Subject Heading terms. We then analyzed the mechanism, acu- points, and operation method and summarized the application of auricular acupoints therapy in patients suffering from chemotherapy side effects. Results： This review included 102 articles published between 1990 and 2016, and we brought 63 other articles into the study. Eighteen articles focused on auricular acupoints therapy, combined with other therapy, to relieve patient side effects during chemotherapy. Conclusions： Auricular acupoints therapy can prevent and relieve the side effects induced by chemotherapy. It deserves further clinical applications.

Analysis of long noncoding RNA-associated competing endogenous RNA network in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist-mediated protection inβcells

BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)and mRNAs are widely involved in various physiological and pathological processes.The use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)is a novel therapeutic strategy that could promote insulin secretion and decrease the rate ofβ-cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients.However,the specific lncRNAs and mRNAs and their functions in these processes have not been fully identified and elucidated.AIM To identify the lncRNAs and mRNAs that are involved in the protective effect of GLP-1RA inβcells,and their roles.METHODS Rat gene microarray was used to screen differentially expressed(DE)lncRNAs and mRNAs inβcells treated with geniposide,a GLP-1RA.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses were performed to assess the underlying functions of DE mRNAs.Hub mRNAs were filtered using the STRING database and the Cytoscape plugin,CytoHubba.In order to reveal the regulatory relationship between lncRNAs and hub mRNAs,their co-expression network was constructed based on the Pearson coefficient of DE lncRNAs and mRNAs,and competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA)mechanism was explored through miRanda and TargetScan databases.RESULTS We identified 308 DE lncRNAs and 128 DE mRNAs with a fold change filter of≥1.5 and P value<0.05.GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses indicated that the most enriched terms were G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway,inflammatory response,calcium signaling pathway,positive regulation of cell proliferation,and ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.Pomc,Htr2a,and Agtr1a were screened as hub mRNAs using the STRING database and the Cytoscape plugin,CytoHubba.This result was further verified using SwissTargetPrediction tool.Through the co-expression network and competing endogenous(ceRNA)mechanism,we identified seven lncRNAs(NONRATT027738,NONRATT027888,NONRATT030038,etc.)co-expressed with the three hub mRNAs(Pomc,Htr2a,and Agtr1a)based on the Pearson coefficient of the expression levels.These lncRNAs regulated hub mRNA functions by competing with six miRNAs(rno-miR-5132-3p,rno-miR-344g,rno-miR-3075,etc.)via the ceRNA mechanism.Further analysis indicated that lncRNA NONRATT027738 interacts with all the three hub mRNAs,suggesting that it is at a core position within the ceRNA network.CONCLUSION We have identified key lncRNAs and mRNAs,and highlighted here how they interact through the ceRNA mechanism to mediate the protective effect of GLP-1RA inβcells.

Exenatide once weekly combined with metformin reduced glycemic variability in type 2 diabetes by using flash glucose monitoring system

BACKGROUND Multiple studies demonstrate that fluctuating blood glucose level produces greater damage compared with sustained hyperglycemia.Flash glucose monitoring system is an effective method in documenting blood glucose variability,contributing to better glucose management and reduced hypoglycemic event occurrence.AIM To investigate the improvement in glycemic variability(GV),blood glucose level,and metabolic indexes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after combined treatment of exenatide once weekly(EXQW)and metformin.METHODS Twenty-five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus suffering from poor blood glucose control under metformin treatment were recruited.The recruited patients were prescribed with oral metformin only(maintaining a dosage of metformin at≥1500 mg/day)for 2 wk(screening period),and then given EXQW(2 mg,subcutaneous injection)for 12 wk(experimental period).The flash glucose monitoring system was used to document blood glucose values during the screening period and the last 2 wk of the experimental period.RESULTS Four patients were excluded for various reasons,yielding a total of 21 patients,including 17 males and 4 females,with an average age of 48.8 years,who completed this study.The estimated glycated hemoglobin,mean blood glucose,fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels,and percentage of blood glucose above 7.8 mmol/L decreased compared to those at baseline(P=0.003,0.003,0.008,0.010,0.014,0.017,and 0.005,respectively),while the percentage of blood glucose between 3.9 and 7.8 mmol/L significantly increased(P=0.005).Parameters of GV including standard deviation of blood glucose,mean amplitude of glycemic excursions,mean of daily difference,area under the curve difference between percentiles 25 and 75,and area under the curve difference between percentiles 10 and 90 were significantly lower compared to that of baseline(P=0.017,0.006,0.000,0.024,0.036,respectively).The durations of blood glucose below 3.9 mmol/L during the day and nocturnal periods significantly increased after treatment(P=0.041 and 0.028,respectively),but there was no significant increase in severe hypoglycemia(<3.0 mmol/L)compared with that at baseline(P=0.207).In addition,some metabolic indicators improved after EXQW treatment.CONCLUSION EXQW combined with metformin can effectively improve blood glucose levels,reduce GV,and improve metabolic indicators.However,there is still a risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia,and careful attention should be paid to patients with EXQW treatment.

用于生物医学的新型多孔Ti6Al4V植入物的仿生设计和3D打印（英文）

目的:多孔结构植入体在骨科修复领域具有极大的应用前景.本研究提出了一种在结构与力学性能方面更贴近人体骨组织的多孔Ti6Al4V植入体.创新点:针对骨组织的结构特点,提出了"分层设计"理念,以期更好地模拟皮质骨和松质骨的结构.除了结构相似以外,这种植入体在力学性能和结构稳定性方面同样具有优势.方法:将传统多孔植入体三维晶胞设计方法转化为二维设计理念,设计出一种分层杆连接多孔结构,并利用选择性激光熔融(SLM)技术打印出样品;然后通过光学显微镜评测打印效果,利用单轴压缩试验研究分析样品的力学性能;最后利用有限元方法分析多孔结构的结构稳定性.结论:本研究所设计的新型分层杆连接结构可以通过SLM实现高质量的打印,且尺寸合理,力学性能与骨组织相接近,结构稳定性优于传统多孔结构.这种新型多孔结构植入体在骨缺损修复领域具有较好的潜在应用前景.

基于有限元分析的上颌尖牙最佳正畸力的生物力学探究（英文）

目的:探究上颌尖牙在不同移动方式下的最佳正畸力。创新点:综合考虑牙周膜的静水压应力和对数应变,进一步优化尖牙移动的最佳正畸力区间。方法:对尖牙施加范围在0~300 g(100 g=0.98 N)的远中向、唇向和拔出向的整体移动力和倾斜移动力,以及范围在0~300 g·mm的绕尖牙牙长轴向的扭转力矩,通过非线性有限元分析对牙周膜的应力应变进行定量评价。约定牙周膜应力在0.47 k Pa(毛细血管压力)至12.8 k Pa(人类心脏收缩压力的80%)之间的为最佳应力;以及牙周膜应变大于0.24%(尖牙最大移动速度时的牙周膜应变的80%)为最佳应变。结论:尖牙倾斜移动时的最佳正畸力范围(远中向为40~44 g,唇向为28~32 g)小于其整体移动(远中向为130~137 g,唇向为110~124 g);尖牙远中向移动时的最佳正畸力范围(整体移动为110~124 g,倾斜移动为28~32 g)小于其唇向移动(整体移动为130~137 g,倾斜移动为40~44 g)。与已有的研究结果相比,最佳正畸力范围进一步缩小,对临床正畸治疗具有较好的指导意义。

A Novel Rice Gene, NRR Responds to Macronutrient Deficiency and Regulates Root Growth

To better understand the response of rice to nutrient stress, we have taken a systematic approach to identify rice genes that respond to deficiency of macronutrients and affect rice growth. We report here the expression and bio- logical functions of a previously uncharacterized rice gene that we have named NRR （nutrition response and root growth）. NRR is alternatively spliced, producing two 5＇-coterminal transcripts, NRRa and NRRb, encoding two proteins of 308 and 223 aa, respectively. Compared to NRRb, NRRa possesses an additional CCT domain at the C-terminus. Expression of NRR in rice seedling roots was significantly influenced by deficiency of macronutrients. Knock-down of expression of NRRa or NRRb by RNA interference resulted in enhanced rice root growth. By contrast, overexpression of NRRa in rice exhibited significantly retarded root growth. These results revealed that both NRRa and NRRb played negative regulatory roles in rice root growth. Our findings suggest that NRRa and NRRb, acting as the key components, modulate the rice root archi- tecture with the availability of macronutrients.

有限元方法分析具有不同形态第三磨牙的下颌骨受到冲击力时的应力分布（英文）

目的:评估下颌骨在具有不同形态的第三磨牙或者没有第三磨牙的情况下,当遭受到前部或侧部2000 N冲击力时,其应力分布。创新点:第三磨牙的存在对下颌骨的力学性能有影响,而且不同位置形态的第三磨牙对下颌骨的力学性能的影响存在差异。方法:根据一个具有完整牙列的健康下颌骨的计算机断层扫描(CT)图像构建出其三维模型,以CT图像上的Hounsfield值(HU)为基础,计算出下颌骨的力学性能参数(包括密度和杨氏模量),共分成9组数据。构建出第三磨牙分别为水平向、垂直向以及近中方向呈45度角时的完全阻生和部分阻生的共6组下颌骨计算模型。并以无第三磨牙的下颌骨为基准模型,利用有限元方法计算在下颌前部和侧面分别受到2000 N的静态冲击力的情况下Von Mises应力分布。结论:有限元分析结果显示,相同载荷条件下,当第三磨牙部分阻生时的下颌骨髁突颈和角部区域的应力值比完全阻生时要大,因此具有部分阻生第三磨牙的下颌骨具有更高的骨折风险;当具有水平向部分阻生的第三磨牙时,下颌骨骨折的风险最大。对于各种计算模型,下颌骨受到侧向冲击力时,应力最大位置均位于下颌角区;对于无第三磨牙的下颌骨,应力最大位置位于髁突颈部区域,此时髁突颈更容易发生骨折。

Open and Endovascular Treatment of Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus Ⅱ D Aortoiliac Occlusive Lesions： What Determines the Rate of Restenosis？

Background： Open surgery is the preferred approach for the treatment of type D lesions according to the Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus （TASC） Ⅱ guideline, but endovascular solutions also appear to be a valid option in selected patients. The study aimed to identify the risk factors ofrestenosis after open and endovascular reconstruction of symptomatic TASC Ⅱ D aortoiliac occlusive lesions （AIOLs）. Methods： Fifty-six patients （82 limbs） who underwent open repair and endovascular treatment （ET） for symptomatic TASC II D AlOEs between March 2005 and December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Baseline characteristics, preoperative and postoperative imaging, and operation procedure reports were reviewed and analyzed. Restenosis after revascularization was assessed by duplex ultrasound or computed tomography angiogram. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Log-rank test, and multivariate Cox regression were used to evaluate the relevance between risk factors and patency. Results： The mean duration of follow-up was 42.8 ± 23.5 months （ranging from 3 to 90 months）. Primary patency rates at 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-year were 93.6%, 89.3%, 87.0%, and 70.3%, respectively. Restenosis after revascularization occurred in 1 ） limbs. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the Log-rank test revealed that diabetes, Rutherford classification ≥5^th and concurrent femoropopliteal TASC Ⅱ type C/D lesions were significantly related to the duration of primary patency. According to the result of Cox regression, diabetes and femoropopliteal TASC Ⅱ type C/D lesions were identified as the risk factors for restenosis after revascularization. Conclusion： This study demonstrated that diabetes and femoropopliteal TASC Ⅱ type C/D lesions are risk factors associated with restenosis after open and ET of TASC Ⅱ D AlOEs.

Digital design of scaffold for mandibular defect repair based on tissue engineering

Mandibular defect occurs more frequently in recent years,and clinical repair operations via bone transplantation are difficult to be further improved due to some intrinsic flaws.Tissue engineering,which is a hot research field of biomedical engineering,provides a new direction for mandibular defect repair.As the basis and key part of tissue engineering,scaffolds have been widely and deeply studied in regards to the basic theory,as well as the principle of biomaterial,structure,design,and fabrication method.However,little research is targeted at tissue regeneration for clinic repair operations.Since mandibular bone has a special structure,rather than uniform and regular structure in existing studies,a methodology based on tissue engineering is proposed for mandibular defect repair in this paper.Key steps regarding scaffold digital design,such as external shape design and internal microstructure design directly based on triangular meshes are discussed in detail.By analyzing the theoretical model and the measured data from the test parts fabricated by rapid prototyping,the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methodology are properly verified.More works about mechanical and biological improvements need to be done to promote its clinical application in future.

Altered Retinal Dopamine Levels in a Melatonin-proficient Mouse Model of Form-deprivation Myopia

Reduced levels of retinal dopamine,a key regulator of eye development,are associated with experimental myopia in various species,but are not seen in the myopic eyes of C57BL/6 mice,which are deficient in melatonin,a neurohormone having extensive interactions with dopamine.Here,we examined the relationship between form-deprivation myopia(FDM)and retinal dopamine levels in melatonin-proficient CBA/CaJ mice.We found that these mice exhibited a myopic refractive shift in form-deprived eyes,which was accompanied by altered retinal dopamine levels.When melatonin receptors were pharmacologically blocked,FDM could still be induced,but its magnitude was reduced,and retinal dopamine levels were no longer altered in FDM animals,indicating that melatonin-related changes in retinal dopamine levels contribute to FDM.Thus,FDM is mediated by both dopamine level-independent and melatonin-related dopamine level-dependent mechanisms in CBA/CaJ mice.The previously reported unaltered retinal dopamine levels in myopic C57BL/6 mice may be attributed to melatonin deficiency.

Digital design of scaffold for mandibular defect repair based on tissue engineering

Mandibular defect occurs more frequently in recent years,and clinical repair operations via bone transplantation are difficult to be further improved due to some intrinsic flaws.Tissue engineering,which is a hot research field of biomedical engineering,provides a new direction for mandibular defect repair.As the basis and key part of tissue engineering,scaffolds have been widely and deeply studied in regards to the basic theory,as well as the principle of biomaterial,structure,design,and fabrication method.However,little research is targeted at tissue regeneration for clinic repair operations.Since mandibular bone has a special structure,rather than uniform and regular structure in existing studies,a methodology based on tissue engineering is proposed for mandibular defect repair in this paper.Key steps regarding scaffold digital design,such as external shape design and internal microstructure design directly based on triangular meshes are discussed in detail.By analyzing the theoretical model and the measured data from the test parts fabricated by rapid prototyping,the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methodology are properly verified.More works about mechanical and biological improvements need to be done to promote its clinical application in future.