Change of choline compounds in sodium selenite-induced apoptosis of rats used as quantitative analysis by in vitro 9.4T MR spectroscopy

AIM: To study liver cell apoptosis caused by the toxicity of selenium and observe the alteration of choline compounds using in vitro 9.4T high resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopy. METHODS: Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. The rats in the treatment group were intraperitoneally injected with sodium selenite and the control group with distilled water. All rats were sacrifi ced and the livers were dissected. 1H-MRS data were collected using in vitro 9.4T high resolution magnetic resonance spectrometer. Spectra were processed using XWINNMR and MestRe-c 4.3. HE and TUNEL staining was employed to detect and confi rm the change of liver cells. RESULTS: Good 1H-MR spectra of perchloric acid extract from liver tissue of rats were obtained. The conventional metabolites were detected and assigned. Concentrations of different ingredient choline compounds in treatment group vs control group were as follows: total choline compounds,5.08 ± 0.97 mmol/L vs 3.81 ± 1.16 mmol/L (P = 0.05); and free choline,1.07 ± 0.23 mmol/L vs 0.65 ± 0.20 mmol/L (P = 0.00). However,there was no statistical signif icance between the two groups. The hepatic sinus and cellular structure of hepatic cells in treatmentgroup were abnormal. Apoptosis of hepatic cells was confi rmed by TUNEL assay. CONCLUSION: High dose selenium compounds can cause the rat liver lesion and induce cell apoptosis in vivo. High resolution 1H-MRS in vitro can detect diversified metabolism. The changing trend for different ingredient of choline compounds is not completely the same at early period of apoptosis.

Rarely fast progressive memory loss diagnosed as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease:A case report

BACKGROUND Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD)is a rare degenerative disease of the central nervous system that can be contagious or hereditary and is a rare cause of rapidly progressive dementia.It almost always results in death within 1-2 years from symptom onset.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report the case of a 57-year-old male who initially experienced dizziness followed by a 1-mo fast decline in memory function.He presented to the local hospital and underwent magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)examination,with no definitive diagnosis.However,the symptoms of progressive forgetting worsened.In addition,he exhibited progressive involuntary tremor of the limbs.Then,he came to our hospital,and according to the results of CSF examination,electroencephalography(EEG)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)tests and clinical manifestations of cerebellar ataxia,dementia,and myoclonus that rapidly progressed,with a short duration of illness,he was finally diagnosed with sporadic CJD(sCJD).CONCLUSION This case report aims to create awareness among physicians to emphasize auxiliary examination,CSF examination,EEG and MRI tests and recognition of cerebellar ataxia,dementia,and myoclonus that rapidly progress to prompt pursuit of an early diagnosis and identification of sCJD and to reduce complications.

Relationship between atmospheric pollutants and risk of death caused by cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and malignant tumors in Shenyang, China, from 2013 to 2016: an ecological research

Background:Air pollutants and their pathogenic effects differ among regions and seasons.We aimed to explore the relationship between fine particulate matter(PM2.5),sulfur dioxide(SO2),and ozone-8 hours(O3-8h)concentrations in heating and non-heating seasons and the associated death risk due to cardiovascular diseases(CDs),respiratory diseases(RDs),and malignant tumors.Methods:Data were collected in Shenyang,China,from April 2013 to March 2016.We analyzed the correlation or lagged effect of atmospheric pollutant concentration,meteorological conditions,and death risk due to disorders of the circulatory system,respiratory system,and malignant tumor in heating and non-heating seasons.We also used multivariate models to analyze the association of air pollutants during holidays with the death risk due to the evaluated diseases while considering the presence or absence of meteorological factors.Results:An increase in the daily average SO2 concentration by 10μg/m^3 increased the death risk by CDs,which reached a maximum of 2.0%(95%confidence interval[CI]:1.3%–2.7%)on lagging day 4 during the non-heating season and 0.2%(95%CI:0.1%-0.4%)on lagging day 3 during the heating season.The risk of death caused by RDs peaked on lagging day 1 by 0.8%(95%CI:0.4%–1.2%)during the heating season.An increase in O3-8h concentration by 10μg/m^3 increased the risk of RD-related death on lagging day 2 by 1.0%(95%CI:0.4%–1.7%)during the non-heating season,which was significantly higher than the 0.1%(95%CI:0–0.9%)increase during the heating season.Further,an increase in the daily average PM2.5 concentration by 10μg/m^3 increased the risk of death caused by RDs by 0.3%and 0.8%during heating and non-heating seasons,respectively,which peaked on lagging day 0.However,air pollution was not significantly associated with the risk of death caused by malignant tumors.Conclusion:Short-term exposure to PM2.5,SO2,and O3 during the non-heating season resulted in higher risks of CD-related death,followed by RD-related death.

A novel Ireland-Claisen rearrangement/Diels-Alder tandem reaction of propargylic acrylates with acyclic dienophiles

Received 18 October 2012 Received in revised form 14 December 2012 Accepted 21 December 2012 Available online 29 January 2013

Change-point Estimation of a Mean Shift in Moving-average Processes Under Dependence Assumptions

In this paper we discuss the least-square estimator of the unknown change point in a mean shift for moving-average processes of ALNQD sequence. The consistency and the rate of convergence for the estimated change point are established. The asymptotic distribution for the change point estimator is obtained. The results are also true for ρ-mixing, φ-mixing, α-mixing sequences under suitable conditions. These results extend those of Bai, who studied the mean shift point of a linear process of i.i.d, variables, and the condition ∑j=0^∞j｜aj｜ 〈 ∞ in Bai is weakened to ∑j=0^∞｜aj｜〈∞.

Preoperative and postoperative medical therapies for chronic rhinosinusitis:National surveys among Chinese otolaryngologists

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical practice patterns of preoperative and postoperative medical therapies immediately surrounding sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)by Chinese otolaryngologists.Methods:Two anonymous web-based surveys of preoperative and postoperative medical therapies were performed.These surveys assessed the frequency of prescription of oral corticosteroids,intranasal corticosteroid sprays,oral antibiotics,nasal saline irrigation,oral antihistamines,nasal antihistamines,anti-leukotriene agents,topical decongestants and oral mucolytics.Results:A total of 304(17.5%)preoperative and 143(23.5%)postoperative questionnaires were completed and returned.Seventy-eight percent,63%and 56%of respondents used preoperative intranasal corticosteroid sprays,oral antibiotics and oral mucolytics“always or often”,respectively.Ninety-four percent,93%,72%and 69%of respondents used postoperative intranasal corticosteroid sprays,nasal saline irrigation,oral antibiotics and oral mucolytics“always or often”,respectively.Oral antihistamines,nasal antihistamines,anti-leukotrienes and topical decongestants were not commonly used preoperatively or postoperatively.Conclusions:Our study demonstrated that current practice patterns of preoperative medical therapies among otolaryngologists are not uniformly based on evidence-based outcomes research.Postoperative oral antibiotics,intranasal corticosteroid sprays,nasal saline irrigation and oral mucolytics are commonly used by a majority of Chinese otolaryngologist for CRS.Practice patterns of postoperative medical therapy reflect recent guidelines.