Mix-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures(vdWHs)have inspired worldwide interests and efforts in the field of ad-vanced electronics and optoelectronics.The fundamental understanding of interfacial charge transfer...Mix-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures(vdWHs)have inspired worldwide interests and efforts in the field of ad-vanced electronics and optoelectronics.The fundamental understanding of interfacial charge transfer is of vital import-ance for guiding the design of functional optoelectronic applications.In this work,type-Ⅱ0D-2D CdSe/ZnS quantum dots/MoS_(2)vdWHs are designed to study the light-triggered interfacial charge behaviors and enhanced optoelectronic performances.From spectral measurements in both steady and transient states,the phenomena of suppressed photolu-minescence(PL)emissions,shifted Raman signals and changed PL lifetimes provide strong evidences of efficient charge transfer at the 0D-2D interface.A series of spectral evolutions of heterostructures with various QDs overlapping concentrations at different laser powers are analyzed in details,which clarifies the dynamic competition between exciton and trion during an efficient doping of 3.9×10^(13)cm^(−2).The enhanced photoresponses(1.57×10^(4)A·W^(-1))and detectivities(2.86×10^(11)Jones)in 0D/2D phototransistors further demonstrate that the light-induced charge transfer is still a feasible way to optimize the performance of optoelectronic devices.These results are expected to inspire the basic understand-ing of interfacial physics at 0D/2D interfaces,and shed the light on promoting the development of mixed-dimensional op-toelectronic devices in the near future.展开更多
Metallic interface engineering is a promising strategy to stabilize Zn anode via promoting Zn^(2+) uniform deposition.However,strong interactions between the coating and Zn^(2+) and sluggish transport of Zn^(2+) lead ...Metallic interface engineering is a promising strategy to stabilize Zn anode via promoting Zn^(2+) uniform deposition.However,strong interactions between the coating and Zn^(2+) and sluggish transport of Zn^(2+) lead to high anodic polarization.Here,we present a bio-inspired silk fibroin(SF)coating with amphoteric charges to construct an interface reversible electric field,which manipulates the transfer kinetics of Zn^(2+) and reduces anodic polarization.The alternating positively and negatively charged surface as a build-in driving force can expedite and homogenize Zn^(2+) flux via the inter-play between the charged coating and adsorbed ions,endowing the Zn-SF anode with low polarization voltage and stable plating/stripping.Experimental analyses with theo-retical calculations suggest that SF can facilitate the desolvation of[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]^(2+) and provide nucleation sites for uniform deposition.Consequently,the Zn-SF anode delivers a high-rate performance with low voltage polarization(83 mV at 20 mA cm^(−2)) and excellent stability(1500 h at 1 mA cm^(−2);500 h at 10 mA cm^(−2)),realizing exceptional cumulative capacity of 2.5 Ah cm^(−2).The full cell coupled with Zn_(x)V_(2)O_(5)·nH_(2)O(ZnVO)cathode achieves specific energy of~270.5/150.6 Wh kg^(−1)(at 0.5/10 A g^(−1))with-99.8% Coulombic efficiency and retains~80.3%(at 5.0 A g^(−1))after 3000 cycles.展开更多
Plant-derived essential oils have excellent antifungal effects and can be used for the preservation of fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables, but the detailed mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this study...Plant-derived essential oils have excellent antifungal effects and can be used for the preservation of fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables, but the detailed mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of trans-cinnamaldehyde on Penicillium italicum, a common pollution fungus in citrus, and explored the antifungal mechanism of trans-cinnamaldehyde by detecting fungal oxidative damage, mitochondrial metabolism, and cell apoptosis. These results showed that transcinnamaldehyde made the carboxylic acid cycle deregulated by altering the related enzyme activities(succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase) and mid product. Moreover, the level of reactive oxygen species rose sharply while the redox level was out of regulation. The mitochondrial membrane potential collapsed, leading to the leakage of cytochrome c, and then triggering the activation of apoptotic protease, which was further confirmed by the significant increase in caspase-3 activity from(3.6 ± 0.6) U to(8.8 ± 1.1) U(P < 0.05). The cytochrome c in mitochondria was detected by confocal Raman microspectroscopy, the characteristic intensity index(I750/I2944) was decreased, indicating that the cytochrome c in mitochondria was reduced and leakage. Besides, the strong negative correlation between Raman intensity and the amount of cytochrome c leakage was established with the correlation coefficient of-0.981 7. This study revealed that destroying the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane, activating the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway was the in-depth antifungal mechanism of trans-cinnamaldehyde;and Raman spectroscopy technology provided new ideas to study this process with high sensitivity determination of cytochrome c.展开更多
Yttrium iron garnet(YIG) films possessing both perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA) and low damping would serve as ideal candidates for high-speed energy-efficient spintronic and magnonic devices.However,it is still...Yttrium iron garnet(YIG) films possessing both perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA) and low damping would serve as ideal candidates for high-speed energy-efficient spintronic and magnonic devices.However,it is still challenging to achieve PMA in YIG films thicker than 20 nm,which is a major bottleneck for their development.In this work,we demonstrate that this problem can be solved by using substrates with moderate lattice mismatch with YIG so as to suppress the excessive strain-induced stress release as increasing the YIG thickness.After carefully optimizing the growth and annealing conditions,we have achieved out-of-plane spontaneous magnetization in YIG films grown on sGGG substrates,even when they are as thick as 50 nm.Furthermore,ferromagnetic resonance and spin pumping induced inverse spin Hall effect measurements further verify the good spin transparency at the surface of our YIG films.展开更多
Objective Evidence on potential cardiovascular benefits of personal-level intervention among the elderly exposed to high levels of particulate matter(PM)remains limited.We aimed to assess improvements in surrogate mar...Objective Evidence on potential cardiovascular benefits of personal-level intervention among the elderly exposed to high levels of particulate matter(PM)remains limited.We aimed to assess improvements in surrogate markers of cardiovascular injury in vulnerable populations at risks by using indoor air filtration units.Methods We conducted a randomized crossover trial for 2 separate 2-week air filtration interventions in 20 households of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their partners in the winter of 2013,with concurrent measurements of indoor PM.The changes in biomarkers indicative of cardiac injury,atherosclerosis progression and systemic inflammation following intervention were evaluated using linear mixed-effect models.Results In the analysis,average levels of indoor PM with aerodynamic diameters<2.5µm(PM2.5)decreased significantly by 59.2%(from 59.6 to 24.3µg/m3,P<0.001)during the active air filtration.The reduction was accompanied by improvements in levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I by−84.6%(95%confidence interval[CI]:−90.7 to−78.6),growth differentiation factor-15 by−48.1%(95%CI:−31.2 to−25.6),osteoprotegerin by−65.4%(95%CI:−56.5 to−18.7),interleukin-4 by−46.6%(95%CI:−62.3 to−31.0)and myeloperoxidase by−60.3%(95%CI:−83.7 to−3.0),respectively.Conclusion Indoor air filtration intervention may provide potential cardiovascular benefits in vulnerable populations at risks.展开更多
Since human society has been rapidly industrializing over the past century,excessive energy consumption and environmental damage have raised awareness of the need for clean,renewable energy sources.Especially after th...Since human society has been rapidly industrializing over the past century,excessive energy consumption and environmental damage have raised awareness of the need for clean,renewable energy sources.Especially after the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian war,the development of alternative energy issue has been elevated to an unprecedented strategic level.Solar energy,as one of the clean and renewable energies,is experiencing a historical stage of changing its role from supplementary energy to alternative energy.The exploration of photovoltaic(PV)cells with newmaterials and structures is urgent tomeet the demand of achieving carbon-peak and carbon-neutralization goals.展开更多
Optoelectronic synaptic elements are emerging functional devices for the vigorous development of advanced neuromorphic computing technology in the post-Moore era.However,optoelectronic devices based on transition meta...Optoelectronic synaptic elements are emerging functional devices for the vigorous development of advanced neuromorphic computing technology in the post-Moore era.However,optoelectronic devices based on transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)are limited to their poor mobilities and weak light-matter interactions,which still hardly exhibit superior device performances in the application of artificial synapses.Here,we demonstrate the successful fabrication of Au nanoparticle-coupled MoS_(2)heterostructures via chemical vapor deposition(CVD),where the light absorption of MoS_(2)is greatly enhanced and engineered by plasmonic effects.Hot electrons are excited from Au nanoparticles,and then injected into MoS_(2)semiconductors under the light illumination.The plasmonically-engineered photo-gating effect at the metal-semiconductor junction is demonstrated to create optoelectronic devices with excellent synaptic behaviors,especially in ultra-sensitive excitatory postsynaptic current(EPSC,9.6×10^(-3)nA@3.4 nW·cm^(-2)),ultralow energy consumption(34.7 pJ),long-state retention time(>1,000 s),and tunable synaptic plasticity transitions.The material system of Au-nanoparticles coupled TMDs presents unique advantages for building artificial synapses,which may lead the future development of neuromorphic electronics in optical information sensing and learning.展开更多
基金This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92163135,11904098,51972105,U19A2090 and 62090035)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2019JJ30004)+1 种基金Hunan International Innovation Cooperation Platform(No.2018WK4004)Key Program of Science and Technology Department of Hunan Province(Nos.2019XK2001,2020XK2001).
文摘Mix-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures(vdWHs)have inspired worldwide interests and efforts in the field of ad-vanced electronics and optoelectronics.The fundamental understanding of interfacial charge transfer is of vital import-ance for guiding the design of functional optoelectronic applications.In this work,type-Ⅱ0D-2D CdSe/ZnS quantum dots/MoS_(2)vdWHs are designed to study the light-triggered interfacial charge behaviors and enhanced optoelectronic performances.From spectral measurements in both steady and transient states,the phenomena of suppressed photolu-minescence(PL)emissions,shifted Raman signals and changed PL lifetimes provide strong evidences of efficient charge transfer at the 0D-2D interface.A series of spectral evolutions of heterostructures with various QDs overlapping concentrations at different laser powers are analyzed in details,which clarifies the dynamic competition between exciton and trion during an efficient doping of 3.9×10^(13)cm^(−2).The enhanced photoresponses(1.57×10^(4)A·W^(-1))and detectivities(2.86×10^(11)Jones)in 0D/2D phototransistors further demonstrate that the light-induced charge transfer is still a feasible way to optimize the performance of optoelectronic devices.These results are expected to inspire the basic understand-ing of interfacial physics at 0D/2D interfaces,and shed the light on promoting the development of mixed-dimensional op-toelectronic devices in the near future.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22275066,521032089,21774046,51871107,52130101 and 52271217)Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department(20210508046RQ and 20200801057GH)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021T140253 and 2021M691188)the Applied Basic Research Program of Changchun Municipal Science and Technology Project(21ZY22).
文摘Metallic interface engineering is a promising strategy to stabilize Zn anode via promoting Zn^(2+) uniform deposition.However,strong interactions between the coating and Zn^(2+) and sluggish transport of Zn^(2+) lead to high anodic polarization.Here,we present a bio-inspired silk fibroin(SF)coating with amphoteric charges to construct an interface reversible electric field,which manipulates the transfer kinetics of Zn^(2+) and reduces anodic polarization.The alternating positively and negatively charged surface as a build-in driving force can expedite and homogenize Zn^(2+) flux via the inter-play between the charged coating and adsorbed ions,endowing the Zn-SF anode with low polarization voltage and stable plating/stripping.Experimental analyses with theo-retical calculations suggest that SF can facilitate the desolvation of[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]^(2+) and provide nucleation sites for uniform deposition.Consequently,the Zn-SF anode delivers a high-rate performance with low voltage polarization(83 mV at 20 mA cm^(−2)) and excellent stability(1500 h at 1 mA cm^(−2);500 h at 10 mA cm^(−2)),realizing exceptional cumulative capacity of 2.5 Ah cm^(−2).The full cell coupled with Zn_(x)V_(2)O_(5)·nH_(2)O(ZnVO)cathode achieves specific energy of~270.5/150.6 Wh kg^(−1)(at 0.5/10 A g^(−1))with-99.8% Coulombic efficiency and retains~80.3%(at 5.0 A g^(−1))after 3000 cycles.
基金supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M680064)National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172326)the Postdoctoral Research Startup Fee of Jiangnan University (1025219032200190)。
文摘Plant-derived essential oils have excellent antifungal effects and can be used for the preservation of fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables, but the detailed mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of trans-cinnamaldehyde on Penicillium italicum, a common pollution fungus in citrus, and explored the antifungal mechanism of trans-cinnamaldehyde by detecting fungal oxidative damage, mitochondrial metabolism, and cell apoptosis. These results showed that transcinnamaldehyde made the carboxylic acid cycle deregulated by altering the related enzyme activities(succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase) and mid product. Moreover, the level of reactive oxygen species rose sharply while the redox level was out of regulation. The mitochondrial membrane potential collapsed, leading to the leakage of cytochrome c, and then triggering the activation of apoptotic protease, which was further confirmed by the significant increase in caspase-3 activity from(3.6 ± 0.6) U to(8.8 ± 1.1) U(P < 0.05). The cytochrome c in mitochondria was detected by confocal Raman microspectroscopy, the characteristic intensity index(I750/I2944) was decreased, indicating that the cytochrome c in mitochondria was reduced and leakage. Besides, the strong negative correlation between Raman intensity and the amount of cytochrome c leakage was established with the correlation coefficient of-0.981 7. This study revealed that destroying the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane, activating the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway was the in-depth antifungal mechanism of trans-cinnamaldehyde;and Raman spectroscopy technology provided new ideas to study this process with high sensitivity determination of cytochrome c.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52072060 and 52021001)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB2801600)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M700679)。
文摘Yttrium iron garnet(YIG) films possessing both perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA) and low damping would serve as ideal candidates for high-speed energy-efficient spintronic and magnonic devices.However,it is still challenging to achieve PMA in YIG films thicker than 20 nm,which is a major bottleneck for their development.In this work,we demonstrate that this problem can be solved by using substrates with moderate lattice mismatch with YIG so as to suppress the excessive strain-induced stress release as increasing the YIG thickness.After carefully optimizing the growth and annealing conditions,we have achieved out-of-plane spontaneous magnetization in YIG films grown on sGGG substrates,even when they are as thick as 50 nm.Furthermore,ferromagnetic resonance and spin pumping induced inverse spin Hall effect measurements further verify the good spin transparency at the surface of our YIG films.
基金This work was supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7222246)Royal Dutch Philips Electronics Ltd.(Grant NL18-2100478471).
文摘Objective Evidence on potential cardiovascular benefits of personal-level intervention among the elderly exposed to high levels of particulate matter(PM)remains limited.We aimed to assess improvements in surrogate markers of cardiovascular injury in vulnerable populations at risks by using indoor air filtration units.Methods We conducted a randomized crossover trial for 2 separate 2-week air filtration interventions in 20 households of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their partners in the winter of 2013,with concurrent measurements of indoor PM.The changes in biomarkers indicative of cardiac injury,atherosclerosis progression and systemic inflammation following intervention were evaluated using linear mixed-effect models.Results In the analysis,average levels of indoor PM with aerodynamic diameters<2.5µm(PM2.5)decreased significantly by 59.2%(from 59.6 to 24.3µg/m3,P<0.001)during the active air filtration.The reduction was accompanied by improvements in levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I by−84.6%(95%confidence interval[CI]:−90.7 to−78.6),growth differentiation factor-15 by−48.1%(95%CI:−31.2 to−25.6),osteoprotegerin by−65.4%(95%CI:−56.5 to−18.7),interleukin-4 by−46.6%(95%CI:−62.3 to−31.0)and myeloperoxidase by−60.3%(95%CI:−83.7 to−3.0),respectively.Conclusion Indoor air filtration intervention may provide potential cardiovascular benefits in vulnerable populations at risks.
基金support from the National Science Foundation(nos.62275076,92163135,and 11904098)the Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22JC1403200)+9 种基金sponsorship of the Lee Shau-Kee Chair Professor(Materials Science)the support from the APRC Grant of the City University of Hong Kong(9380086)the TCFS grant(GHP/018/20SZ)and theMRP grant(MRP/040/21X)from the Innovation and Technology Commission of Hong Kongthe Green Tech Fund from the Environment and Ecology Bureau of Hong Kong(202020164)GRF grants from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(11307621 and 11316422)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(SGDX20201103095412040)Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2019B030302007)Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic,Magnetic Functional Materials(2019B121205002)the US Office of Naval Research(N00014-20-1-2191)the CRF grant fromthe ResearchGrants Council of Hong Kong(C6023-19GF).
文摘Since human society has been rapidly industrializing over the past century,excessive energy consumption and environmental damage have raised awareness of the need for clean,renewable energy sources.Especially after the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian war,the development of alternative energy issue has been elevated to an unprecedented strategic level.Solar energy,as one of the clean and renewable energies,is experiencing a historical stage of changing its role from supplementary energy to alternative energy.The exploration of photovoltaic(PV)cells with newmaterials and structures is urgent tomeet the demand of achieving carbon-peak and carbon-neutralization goals.
基金We thank Prof.Feng Lin for his efforts on FDTD simulations.This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92163135,11904098,51972105,U19A2090,and 62090035)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2019JJ30004)+1 种基金Key Program of the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department(Nos.2019XK2001 and 2020XK2001)This work is also supported by State Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructure&Mesoscopic Physics.
文摘Optoelectronic synaptic elements are emerging functional devices for the vigorous development of advanced neuromorphic computing technology in the post-Moore era.However,optoelectronic devices based on transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)are limited to their poor mobilities and weak light-matter interactions,which still hardly exhibit superior device performances in the application of artificial synapses.Here,we demonstrate the successful fabrication of Au nanoparticle-coupled MoS_(2)heterostructures via chemical vapor deposition(CVD),where the light absorption of MoS_(2)is greatly enhanced and engineered by plasmonic effects.Hot electrons are excited from Au nanoparticles,and then injected into MoS_(2)semiconductors under the light illumination.The plasmonically-engineered photo-gating effect at the metal-semiconductor junction is demonstrated to create optoelectronic devices with excellent synaptic behaviors,especially in ultra-sensitive excitatory postsynaptic current(EPSC,9.6×10^(-3)nA@3.4 nW·cm^(-2)),ultralow energy consumption(34.7 pJ),long-state retention time(>1,000 s),and tunable synaptic plasticity transitions.The material system of Au-nanoparticles coupled TMDs presents unique advantages for building artificial synapses,which may lead the future development of neuromorphic electronics in optical information sensing and learning.