Tomography of the dynamic stress coefficient for stress wave prediction in sedimentary rock layer under the mining additional stress

In this study,the tomography of dynamic stress coefficient(TDSC)was established based on a mechanical model of stress wave propagation in bedding planes and a mathematical model of the stress wave attenuation in rock masses.The reliability of the TDSC was verified by a linear bedding plane model and field monitoring.Generally,the TDSC in the dynamic stress propagation of bedding planes increases with the following conditions:(1)the increase of the normal stiffness of the bedding plane,(2)the increase of the incident angle of the stress wave,(3)the decrease of the incident frequency of the stress wave,or(4)the growth of three ratios(the ratios of rock densities,elastic moduli,and the Poisson’s ratios)of rocks on either side of bedding planes.The additional stress weakens TDSC linearly and slowly during the stress wave propagation in bedding planes,and the weakening effect increases with the growth of the three ratios.Besides,the TDSC decreases exponentially in the rock mass as propagation distance increases.In a field case,the TDSC decreases significantly as vertical and horizontal distances increase and its wave range increases as vertical distance increases in the sedimentary rock layers.

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Wild Tea Plants in Yunnan Province Using EST-SSR Markers

In this study, 27 pairs of EST-SSR primers were employed to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 100 wild tea plant germplasm re- sources and 22 cultivars, according to the results, a total of 88 polymorphic bands were amplified with 27 pairs of primers; the variation of effective alleles accounted for 69.01% ; a total of 183 genotypes were detected, with a variation range of 4 -11 ; averagely 6.78 genotypes were amplified with each primer pair; Shannon index （I） of 27 primer pairs ranged from 0.32 to I. 35, with an average of 0.88 ; the observed heterozygosity （0.52） was basically consistent with the expected het- erozygosity （0.52） ; the average polymorphism heterozygosity was 0.48, which was very close to 0.50 ; the average Nei＇s index was 0.51, which was higher than 0. 50 ; the average polymorphism information content （PIC） was 0.52, which was higher than 0.50, indicating high genetic diversity among wild tea germplasm resources in Yuunan Province. According to the clustering results, based on geographical origins and genetic backgrounds, 122 materials were clustered into 14 categories. Dendrogram based on Nei＇s genetic distance revealed complex genetic relationships among wild tea germplasm resources in Yunnan Province. This study provided certain reference for subsequent preservation, development and research of wild tea germplasm resources in China.

Proteasomal and lysosomal degradation for specific and durable suppression of immunotherapeutic targets

Cancer immunotherapy harness the body's immune system to eliminate cancer,by using a broad panel of soluble and membrane proteins as therapeutic targets.Immunosuppression signaling mediated by ligand-receptor interaction may be blocked by monoclonal antibodies,but because of repopulation of the membranevia intracellular organelles,targets must be eliminated in whole cells.Targeted protein degradation,as exemplified in proteolysis targeting chimera(PROTAC)studies,is a promising strategy for selective inhibition of target proteins.The recently reported use of lysosomal targeting molecules to eliminate immune checkpoint proteins has paved the way for targeted degradation of membrane proteins as crucial anti-cancer targets.Further studies on these molecules'modes of action,target-binding"warheads",lysosomal sorting signals,and linker design should facilitate their rational design.Modifications and derivatives may improve their cell-penetrating ability and thein vivo stability of these pro-drugs.These studies suggest the promise of alternative strategies for cancer immunotherapy,with the aim of achieving more potent and durable suppression of tumor growth.Here,the successes and limitations of antibody inhibitorsin cancer immunotherapy,as well as research progress on PROTAC-and lysosomal-dependent degradation of target proteins,are reviewed.