Optimal duration of percutaneous microballoon compression for treatment of trigeminal nerve injury

Percutaneous microballoon compression of the trigeminal ganglion is a brand new operative technique for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. However, it is unclear how the procedure mediates pain relief, and there are no standardized criteria, such as compression pressure, com- pression time or balloon shape, for the procedure. In this study, percutaneous microballoon compression was performed on the rabbit trigeminal ganglion at a mean inflation pressure of 1,005 ＋ 150 mmHg for 2 or 5 minutes. At 1, 7 and 14 days after percutaneous microballoon compression, the large-diameter myelinated nerves displayed axonal swelling, rupture and demy- elination under the electron microscope. Fragmentation of myelin and formation of digestion chambers were more evident after 5 minutes of compression. Image analyzer results showed that the diameter of trigeminal ganglion cells remained unaltered after compression. These experi- mental findings indicate that a 2-minute period of compression can suppress pain transduction. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the ganglion cells and axons was significantly increased 7 days after trigeminal ganglion compression, however, the changes were similar after 2-minute compression and 5-minute compression. The upregulated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the ganglion cells after percu- taneous microballoon compression can promote the repair of the injured nerve. These findings suggest that long-term compression is ideal for patients with recurrent trigeminal neuralgia.

Feedback linearization of the nonlinear model of a small-scale helicopter

In order to design a nonlinear controller for small-scale autonomous helicopters, the dynamic characteristics of a model helicopter are investigated, and an integrated nonlinear model of a small-scale helicopter for hovering control is presented. It is proved that the nonlinear system of the small-scale helicopter can be transformed to a linear system using the dynamic feedback linearization technique. Finally, simulations are carried out to validate the nonlinear controller.

Stability and optoelectronic property of lead-free halide double perovskite Cs_(2)B′BiI_(6)(B′=Li,Na and K)

Although lead-based perovskite solar cells have achieved more than 25%power conversion efficiency,the toxicity of lead and instability are still urgent problems faced in industrial application.Lead-free halide double perovskite(DP)materials are promising candidates to resolve these issues.Based on the density functional theory,we explore the geometric stability,thermodynamic stability,mechanical stability,electronic structures,and optical properties of theCs_(2)B 0BiI_(6)(B 0=Li,Na and K)DP materials.By analyzing the tolerance factor and octahedral factor,we find the geometric stabilities ofCs_(2)NaBiI_(6) andCs_(2)KBiI_(6) DPs are better thanCs_(2)LiBiI_(6).By calculating the total energy,formation energy and decomposition energy,we propose that the most favorable structure ofCs_(2)B 0BiI_(6) is the orthorhombic phase,andCs_(2)LiBiI_(6) is less stable relative to the other two counterparts from an energetic viewpoint.Mechanical stability evaluations reveal that the orthorhombicCs_(2)LiBiI_(6) material is less stable relative to the isostructuralCs_(2)NaBiI_(6) andCs_(2)KBiI_(6) DPs.The mechanical property calculations indicate that theCs_(2)B 0BiI_(6) DPs possess good ductility,which can be used as flexible materials.Electronic structures and optical property calculations show that the orthorhombicCs_(2)B 0BiI_(6) DPs have suitable band gap values,weaker exciton binding energies,and excellent optical absorption performance in the visible-light range.Based on the above comprehensive assessments,we can conclude that the orthorhombic Cs_(2)NaBiI_(6) and Cs_(2)KBiI_(6) DPs with good stability are promising candidates for solar cell applications.

Imaging Analysis of Primary Malignant Intracranial Lymphoma

OBJECTIVE To investigate the images characteristics of primarymalignant intracranial lymphoma .METHODS Retrospective study was conducted on CT/MRIimaging characteristics of 9 cases with primary malignantintracranial lymphoma.RESULTS The patients had lesions mostly in the supratentorialregion, including the parts of deep white matter, para-ependymalregions, and corpus callosum. The shapes of the lesions wereround or irregular. CT scan showed equal or slightly high densityof the tumor images, compared with the normal tissue in the brain.The T1 WI of MRI scan on the tumor showed low signal and theT2WI showed equal or slightly high signal. The MRI signals werehomogenous. Cystic lesion, calcification, and hemorrhage wererarely seen in MRI. Edema around tumor and its occupationaleffect was lessened. Edema around tumor shown in MRI was notin accordance with the true volume of the tumor mass. Enhancedscan on the lesions showed homogenous enhancement, and thepia mater invaded and/or the spread along ependyma.CONCLUSION Images of primary malignant intracraniallymphoma have specific characteristics that are useful in itsdiagnosis and differential diagnosis.

不同发展情景下青海省土地利用布局及生物多样性变化模拟

人类活动导致土地利用格局的剧烈变迁是全球生物多样性丧失的重要原因之一。为满足青海省生物多样性保护和社会经济发展对土地利用的需求,本研究依据土地利用类型/干扰强度与生物多样性的关系,制定了基线、美丽青海、智慧青海、和谐青海4种情景的设计方案,并基于GeoSOS-FLUS模型和FLUS-Biodiversity模型分别模拟至2030年、2050年时,4种情景下青海省土地利用布局及其原生群落平均物种多度(Mean Species Abundance,MSA)的空间格局演变。结果表明,青海省大部分土地利用类型在现有格局的基础上均发生较大变化。其中,基线情景(按原有发展趋势)中湿地、森林、草地的面积均有所下降,导致生物多样性恢复速度缓慢。基于自然保护和经济发展的不同权衡,美丽青海、智慧青海、和谐青海3种情景则对未来土地利用布局的优化效果较好,大量中、高强度利用的草地恢复为湿地、原生林及低强度利用的草地,部分常规农田转换为优质农田,建设用地面积减少,生物多样性因而得以较大提高。未来各情景下的青海省MSA值都能实现目标值,生物多样性完整性相对于2020年都有所增加。

农田节肢动物不同取样方法的综合比较

农田节肢动物多样性具有病虫害控制、传粉等价值,选择一种或多种适宜、准确且高效的取样方法和指示类群来衡量农田节肢动物多样性是一项基础性工作。本文通过地表陷阱法、挂盆陷阱法、扫网法、目测计数法和吸虫器法在有机管理和常规管理农田区的不同农业生境类型中取样,比较不同方法对不同生物类群的捕获效率、经济成本、响应敏感性等。研究发现在捕获效率方面,地陷法和挂盆法最高,其次是扫网法,而吸虫器法和目测计数法较差。挂盆法对步甲、蜘蛛、蜂类和瓢虫类群的捕获效率较佳。陷阱法主要适用于蜘蛛和步甲的取样,扫网法也可用于蜘蛛和瓢虫的取样。在经济成本方面,地陷法的成本最低,扫网法的总成本最高。每种取样方法下仅有个别类群个体数量具有较好的响应敏感性,如地陷法的蜘蛛目个体数和步甲科个体数、挂盆法的总个体数、蜂类个体数和瓢虫科个体数、扫网法的直翅目个体数和半翅目个体数等。在此基础上,综合类群经济价值,操作难易,类群鉴定难度,被动取样程度,是否受取样人影响等比较发现:地陷法对步甲和蜘蛛的取样的综合效果最佳,而不同取样方法下多种类群的组合能更好地监测和评价农田节肢动物多样性的整体情况。地陷法捕获步甲或/和蜘蛛以及挂盆法调查蜂类的组合是基于本研究得出的调查农田节肢动物多样性的最佳组合。

Natural Feature-based Visual Servoing for Grasping Target with an Aerial Manipulator

Aerial transportation and manipulation have attracted increasing attention in the unmanned aerial vehicle field,and visual servoing methodology is widely used to achieve the autonomous aerial grasping of a target object.However,the existing marker-based solutions pose a challenge to the practical application of target grasping owing to the difficulty in attaching markers on targets.To address this problem,this study proposes a novel image-based visual servoing controller based on natural features instead of artificial markers.The natural features are extracted from the target images and further processed to provide servoing feature points.A six degree-of-freedom(6-DoF)aerial manipulator system is proposed with differential kinematics deduced to achieve aerial grasping.Furthermore,a controller is designed when the target object is outside a manipulator's workspace by utilizing both the degrees-of-freedom of nnmanned aerial vehicle and manipulator joints.Thereafter,a weight matrix is used as basis to develop a multi-tasking visual servoing framework to integrate the controllers inside and outside the manipulator's workspace.Lastly,experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Strategic Response to a Powerful Downstream Retailer:Difference-Setting Wholesale Pricing Contract and Partial Forward Integration

We study a supply chain consisted of a supplier and both retailers,and the supplier sells a single product through a dominant retailer and a weak retailer.The aggressive bargaining behavior of the dominant retailer brings the supplier much concern and two feasible strategies are presented to respond to that:difference-setting wholesale pricing contract and integration with the weak retailer.We investigate the decisions of supply chain members under each solution and find that,compared to the traditional form,the supplier always benefits from announcing the difference-setting wholesale pricing contract for it not only raises the marginal wholesale profits of both channels but also reduces the market share of the dominant retailer,thus potentially weakening its channel power.In addition,we show that combining with the weak retailer is not a wise choice for suppliers when the dominant retailer with relatively little bargaining power enjoys a large market share.Finally,by comparing the equilibria of these two solutions,we find that the optimal choice for suppliers depends not only on the difference in market share but also on the dominant retailer's bargaining power in the negotiation.

Complications of End-Stage Liver Disease: Advances from a Clinical Viewpoint

Introduction End-stage liver disease(ESLD)refers to the terminal stage of liver disease caused by various types of chronic liver damage.It is characterized by severely impaired liver function and hepatic decompensation.ESLD can present as acute decompensation of liver cirrhosis(ADC),acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF),chronic liver failure(CLF),and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).ESLD is frequently accompanied by various complications and life-threatening clinical issues,including infection(such as pneumonia or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis),hepatic encephalopathy(HE),hepatorenal syndrome(HRS),and esophageal varices with bleeding.[1]Herein,we briefly review the significant achievements in the management of multiple complications in ESLD,particularly in bacterial or fungal infections,acute kidney injury(AKI),HE,stem cell treatment,and blood purification.

CACA guidelines for holistic integrative management of glioma

Glioma of the brain is a kind of tumor originating from neuroglial cells.It is the most common primary intracranial tumor,accounting for~30%of all central nervous system tumors and 80% of malignant brain tumors.Glioma is characterized by high disability and recurrence rates.The disease seriously threatens the life of patients,afects their quality of life,and brings a heavy economic and psychological burden to patients,families,and society.With the progression of molecular genetic testing technology and the completion of various clinical trials,the classifcation scheme for glioma is increasingly well established.Diagnosis and treatment regimens,including traditional and new regimens,are becoming increasingly specialized and standardized.The purpose is to develop a clinical diagnosis and treatment guideline for glioma in the Chinese population suitable for Chinese doctors and the general population based on domestic and international glioma research progress.Thus,domestic practitioners in the feld can obtain current information and provide better service to patients with glioma,promoting the development of domestic clinical medicine and basic research on glioma.