Thermal oxidation and hydrogen annealing were applied on a 100μm thick Al-doped p-type 4H-Si C epitaxial wafer to modulate the minority carrier lifetime,which was investigated by microwave photoconductive decay(μ-PC...Thermal oxidation and hydrogen annealing were applied on a 100μm thick Al-doped p-type 4H-Si C epitaxial wafer to modulate the minority carrier lifetime,which was investigated by microwave photoconductive decay(μ-PCD).The minority carrier lifetime decreased after each thermal oxidation.On the contrary,with the hydrogen annealing time increasing to3 hours,the minority carrier lifetime increased from 1.1μs(as-grown)to 3.14μs and then saturated after the annealing time reached 4 hours.The increase of surface roughness from 0.236 nm to 0.316 nm may also be one of the reasons for limiting the further improvement of the minority carrier lifetimes.Moreover,the whole wafer mappings of minority carrier lifetimes before and after hydrogen annealing were measured and discussed.The average minority carrier lifetime was up to 1.94μs and non-uniformity of carrier lifetime reached 38%after 4-hour hydrogen annealing.The increasing minority carrier lifetimes could be attributed to the double mechanisms of excess carbon atoms diffusion caused by selective etching of Si atoms and passivation of deep-level defects by hydrogen atoms.展开更多
As a member of the AFF(AF4/FMR2)family,AFF4 is a transcription elongation factor that is a component of the super elongation complex.AFF4 serves as a scaffolding protein that connects transcription factors and promote...As a member of the AFF(AF4/FMR2)family,AFF4 is a transcription elongation factor that is a component of the super elongation complex.AFF4 serves as a scaffolding protein that connects transcription factors and promotes gene transcription through elongation and chromatin remodelling.Here,we investigated the effect of AFF4 on human dental follicle cells(DFCs)in osteogenic differentiation.In this study,we found that small interfering RNA-mediated depletion of AFF4 resulted in decreased alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity and impaired mineralization.In addition,the expression of osteogenic-related genes(DLX5,SP7,RUNX2 and BGLAP)was significantly downregulated.In contrast,lentivirus-mediated overexpression of AFF4 significantly enhanced the osteogenic potential of human DFCs.Mechanistically,we found that both the mRNA and protein levels of ALKBH1,a critical regulator of epigenetics,changed in accordance with AFF4 expression levels.Overexpression of ALKBH1 in AFF4-depleted DFCs partially rescued the impairment of osteogenic differentiation.Our data indicated that AFF4 promoted the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs by upregulating the transcription of ALKBH1.展开更多
A 4H-SiC trench gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(UMOSFET)with semi-super-junction shiel-ded structure(SS-UMOS)is proposed and compared with conventional trench MOSFET(CT-UMOS)in this work.The adv...A 4H-SiC trench gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(UMOSFET)with semi-super-junction shiel-ded structure(SS-UMOS)is proposed and compared with conventional trench MOSFET(CT-UMOS)in this work.The advantage of the proposed structure is given by comprehensive study of the mechanism of the local semi-super-junction structure at the bottom of the trench MOSFET.In particular,the influence of the bias condition of the p-pillar at the bottom of the trench on the static and dynamic performances of the device is compared and revealed.The on-resistance of SS-UMOS with grounded(G)and ungrounded(NG)p-pillar is reduced by 52%(G)and 71%(NG)compared to CT-UMOS,respectively.Additionally,gate ox-ide in the GSS-UMOS is fully protected by the p-shield layer as well as semi-super-junction structure under the trench and p-base regions.Thus,a reduced electric-field of 2 MV/cm can be achieved at the corner of the p-shield layer.However,the quasi-intrinsic protective layer cannot be formed in NGSS-UMOS due to the charge storage effect in the floating p-pillar,resulting in a large electric field of 2.7 MV/cm at the gate oxide layer.Moreover,the total switching loss of GSS-UMOS is 1.95 mJ/cm2 and is reduced by 18%compared with CT-UMOS.On the contrary,the NGSS-UMOS has the slowest overall switching speed due to the weakened shielding effect of the p-pillar and the largest gate-to-drain capacitance among the three.The proposed GSS-UMOS plays an important role in high-voltage and high-frequency applications,and will provide a valuable idea for device design and circuit applications.展开更多
The agricultural scientific research project funding is an important prerequisite for the implementation of agricultural scientific research project,and an essential basic condition to support agricultural research. I...The agricultural scientific research project funding is an important prerequisite for the implementation of agricultural scientific research project,and an essential basic condition to support agricultural research. In recent years,China has paid great attention to the development of scientific research,and increased the input of scientific research funds,but there are some shortcomings in funding management during the implementation of the project. Based on many years of practice,this paper expounds the main problems in the current funding management for agricultural scientific research project,and brings forward the relevant recommendations,in order to provide a reference for the scientific management of agricultural scientific research project funding in the new situation.展开更多
Additive manufacturing(AM)has the potential to transform manufacturing by enabling previously un-thinkable products,digital inventory and delivery,and distributed manufacturing.Here we presented an extrusion-based met...Additive manufacturing(AM)has the potential to transform manufacturing by enabling previously un-thinkable products,digital inventory and delivery,and distributed manufacturing.Here we presented an extrusion-based metal AM method(refer to“SoftTouch”depositionin thefiledpatent)thatis suitablefor making the metal feedstock flowable prior to the deposition through dynamic recrystallization induced grain refinement at elevated temperatures.The flowable metal was extruded out of the printer head like a paste for building dense metal parts with fine equiaxed grains and wrought mechanical properties.Off-the-shelf metal rods were used as feedstock and the printing process was completed in an open-air environment,avoiding pricy powders and costly inert or vacuum conditions.The resulting multi-layer de-posited 6061 aluminum alloys yield strength and ductility comparable to wrought 6061 aluminum alloys after the same T6 heat treatment.The extrusion-based metal AM method can also be advanced as green manufacturing technologies for fabricating novel alloys and composites,adding novel features to existing parts,repairing damaged metal parts,and welding advanced metals for supporting sustainable manufac-turing,in addition to being developed into a cost-effective manufacturing process for the fabrication of dense metal of complex structural forms.展开更多
The Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor(HUBS) is a proposed space-based X-ray telescope for detecting X-ray emissions from the hot gas content in our universe. With its unprecedented spatially-resolved high-resolution spectr...The Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor(HUBS) is a proposed space-based X-ray telescope for detecting X-ray emissions from the hot gas content in our universe. With its unprecedented spatially-resolved high-resolution spectroscopy and large field of view,the HUBS mission will be uniquely qualified to measure the physical and chemical properties of the hot gas in the interstellar medium, the circumgalactic medium, the intergalactic medium, and the intracluster medium. These measurements will be valuable for two key scientific goals of HUBS, namely to unravel the AGN and stellar feedback physics that governs the formation and evolution of galaxies, and to probe the baryon budget and multi-phase states from galactic to cosmological scales. In addition to these two goals, the HUBS mission will also help us solve some problems in the fields of galaxy clusters, AGNs, difuse X-ray backgrounds, supernova remnants, and compact objects. This paper discusses the perspective of advancing these fields using the HUBS telescope.展开更多
Great strides have been made towards our understanding of the Universe over the past few decades.Surprisingly,only roughly 5%of what the Universe is made of is in the form of matter that is composed of the elements in...Great strides have been made towards our understanding of the Universe over the past few decades.Surprisingly,only roughly 5%of what the Universe is made of is in the form of matter that is composed of the elements in the periodic table.The other 95% is,at present,completely unknown,and is conveniently referred to as dark matter and dark energy,which certainly represents new physics at work(see,e.g.,Ref.[1]for a review).展开更多
Selectively electrochemical conversion of CO2 into organic fuel using renewable electricity is one of the most sought-after processes.In this paper,we report the electrochemical reduction of CO2(CO2RR)on the nanoporou...Selectively electrochemical conversion of CO2 into organic fuel using renewable electricity is one of the most sought-after processes.In this paper,we report the electrochemical reduction of CO2(CO2RR)on the nanoporous Ag electrodes made of compacted Ag nanoparticles(AgNPs),which were prepared by one-step reduction in the water phase with or without the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS).The scanning electron microscope(SEM)characterizations show that the compacted Ag electrodes have the nanoporous morphology formed by stacking AgNPs.Compared with the nanoporous Ag electrode without SDS modification(C-AgNPs),the SDS-modified AgNPs electrode(C-AgNPs-SDS)is highly effective in improving selective CO production in a wide range of potentials(-0.69 V--1.19 V,vs.RHE),with a Faradaic efficiency of 92.2% and a current density of -8.23 mA·cm^-2 for CO production at -0.79 V(vs.RHE).C-AgNPs-SDS is also catalytically stable with only less than 7% deactivation after 8 h of continuous electrolysis.展开更多
基金Project supported by Key Area Research and Development Project of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2020B010170002)the Science Challenge Project(Grant No.TZ2018003-1-101)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.2020J06002)the Science and Technology Project of Fujian Province of China(Grant No.2020I0001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.20720190049 and 20720190053)the Science and Technology Key Projects of Xiamen(Grant No.3502ZCQ20191001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51871189)。
文摘Thermal oxidation and hydrogen annealing were applied on a 100μm thick Al-doped p-type 4H-Si C epitaxial wafer to modulate the minority carrier lifetime,which was investigated by microwave photoconductive decay(μ-PCD).The minority carrier lifetime decreased after each thermal oxidation.On the contrary,with the hydrogen annealing time increasing to3 hours,the minority carrier lifetime increased from 1.1μs(as-grown)to 3.14μs and then saturated after the annealing time reached 4 hours.The increase of surface roughness from 0.236 nm to 0.316 nm may also be one of the reasons for limiting the further improvement of the minority carrier lifetimes.Moreover,the whole wafer mappings of minority carrier lifetimes before and after hydrogen annealing were measured and discussed.The average minority carrier lifetime was up to 1.94μs and non-uniformity of carrier lifetime reached 38%after 4-hour hydrogen annealing.The increasing minority carrier lifetimes could be attributed to the double mechanisms of excess carbon atoms diffusion caused by selective etching of Si atoms and passivation of deep-level defects by hydrogen atoms.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,81901040).
文摘As a member of the AFF(AF4/FMR2)family,AFF4 is a transcription elongation factor that is a component of the super elongation complex.AFF4 serves as a scaffolding protein that connects transcription factors and promotes gene transcription through elongation and chromatin remodelling.Here,we investigated the effect of AFF4 on human dental follicle cells(DFCs)in osteogenic differentiation.In this study,we found that small interfering RNA-mediated depletion of AFF4 resulted in decreased alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity and impaired mineralization.In addition,the expression of osteogenic-related genes(DLX5,SP7,RUNX2 and BGLAP)was significantly downregulated.In contrast,lentivirus-mediated overexpression of AFF4 significantly enhanced the osteogenic potential of human DFCs.Mechanistically,we found that both the mRNA and protein levels of ALKBH1,a critical regulator of epigenetics,changed in accordance with AFF4 expression levels.Overexpression of ALKBH1 in AFF4-depleted DFCs partially rescued the impairment of osteogenic differentiation.Our data indicated that AFF4 promoted the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs by upregulating the transcription of ALKBH1.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62104222)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.2020J06002)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Fujian Province of China(Grant No.2020I0001)the Science and Technology Key Projects of Xiamen(Grant No.3502ZCQ20191001)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.JSGG20201102-155800003)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.20212ACB212005).
文摘A 4H-SiC trench gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(UMOSFET)with semi-super-junction shiel-ded structure(SS-UMOS)is proposed and compared with conventional trench MOSFET(CT-UMOS)in this work.The advantage of the proposed structure is given by comprehensive study of the mechanism of the local semi-super-junction structure at the bottom of the trench MOSFET.In particular,the influence of the bias condition of the p-pillar at the bottom of the trench on the static and dynamic performances of the device is compared and revealed.The on-resistance of SS-UMOS with grounded(G)and ungrounded(NG)p-pillar is reduced by 52%(G)and 71%(NG)compared to CT-UMOS,respectively.Additionally,gate ox-ide in the GSS-UMOS is fully protected by the p-shield layer as well as semi-super-junction structure under the trench and p-base regions.Thus,a reduced electric-field of 2 MV/cm can be achieved at the corner of the p-shield layer.However,the quasi-intrinsic protective layer cannot be formed in NGSS-UMOS due to the charge storage effect in the floating p-pillar,resulting in a large electric field of 2.7 MV/cm at the gate oxide layer.Moreover,the total switching loss of GSS-UMOS is 1.95 mJ/cm2 and is reduced by 18%compared with CT-UMOS.On the contrary,the NGSS-UMOS has the slowest overall switching speed due to the weakened shielding effect of the p-pillar and the largest gate-to-drain capacitance among the three.The proposed GSS-UMOS plays an important role in high-voltage and high-frequency applications,and will provide a valuable idea for device design and circuit applications.
文摘The agricultural scientific research project funding is an important prerequisite for the implementation of agricultural scientific research project,and an essential basic condition to support agricultural research. In recent years,China has paid great attention to the development of scientific research,and increased the input of scientific research funds,but there are some shortcomings in funding management during the implementation of the project. Based on many years of practice,this paper expounds the main problems in the current funding management for agricultural scientific research project,and brings forward the relevant recommendations,in order to provide a reference for the scientific management of agricultural scientific research project funding in the new situation.
基金This work was financially supported by the University of Michi-gan College of Engineering startup grant and FL and PD acknowl-edge the technical support from the Michigan Center for Materials Characterization(MC^(2)).
文摘Additive manufacturing(AM)has the potential to transform manufacturing by enabling previously un-thinkable products,digital inventory and delivery,and distributed manufacturing.Here we presented an extrusion-based metal AM method(refer to“SoftTouch”depositionin thefiledpatent)thatis suitablefor making the metal feedstock flowable prior to the deposition through dynamic recrystallization induced grain refinement at elevated temperatures.The flowable metal was extruded out of the printer head like a paste for building dense metal parts with fine equiaxed grains and wrought mechanical properties.Off-the-shelf metal rods were used as feedstock and the printing process was completed in an open-air environment,avoiding pricy powders and costly inert or vacuum conditions.The resulting multi-layer de-posited 6061 aluminum alloys yield strength and ductility comparable to wrought 6061 aluminum alloys after the same T6 heat treatment.The extrusion-based metal AM method can also be advanced as green manufacturing technologies for fabricating novel alloys and composites,adding novel features to existing parts,repairing damaged metal parts,and welding advanced metals for supporting sustainable manufac-turing,in addition to being developed into a cost-effective manufacturing process for the fabrication of dense metal of complex structural forms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11721303, 11821303, 11825303, 11873029, 11890693, 11973033, 11991052, 12025303, 12033004, 12041301, 12121003, 12133008, 12173018, 12192220, 12192223, 12221003, 12233001, 12233005, 12273010, 12273030, 12273057, 12011540375, and U1931140)the China Manned Space Project (Grant Nos. CMS-CSST-2021-A04, CMS-CSST-2021-A06, CMS-CSST-2021-A10, and CMS-CSST-2021-B02)+5 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China through its National Key R&D Program (Grant No. 2018YFA0404502)the National SKA Program of China (Grant No. 2020SKA0120300)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFA1602903)the Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Science and Technology Innovation Teams from Hubei colleges and universities (Grant No. T2021026)the Young Top-notch Talent Cultivation Program of Hubei Province, the National Science Foundation (Grant Nos. AST-2107735, and AST-2219686)NASA (Grant No. 80NSSC22K0668)。
文摘The Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor(HUBS) is a proposed space-based X-ray telescope for detecting X-ray emissions from the hot gas content in our universe. With its unprecedented spatially-resolved high-resolution spectroscopy and large field of view,the HUBS mission will be uniquely qualified to measure the physical and chemical properties of the hot gas in the interstellar medium, the circumgalactic medium, the intergalactic medium, and the intracluster medium. These measurements will be valuable for two key scientific goals of HUBS, namely to unravel the AGN and stellar feedback physics that governs the formation and evolution of galaxies, and to probe the baryon budget and multi-phase states from galactic to cosmological scales. In addition to these two goals, the HUBS mission will also help us solve some problems in the fields of galaxy clusters, AGNs, difuse X-ray backgrounds, supernova remnants, and compact objects. This paper discusses the perspective of advancing these fields using the HUBS telescope.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11927805)China National Space Administration(CNSA)through a technology development grant。
文摘Great strides have been made towards our understanding of the Universe over the past few decades.Surprisingly,only roughly 5%of what the Universe is made of is in the form of matter that is composed of the elements in the periodic table.The other 95% is,at present,completely unknown,and is conveniently referred to as dark matter and dark energy,which certainly represents new physics at work(see,e.g.,Ref.[1]for a review).
文摘Selectively electrochemical conversion of CO2 into organic fuel using renewable electricity is one of the most sought-after processes.In this paper,we report the electrochemical reduction of CO2(CO2RR)on the nanoporous Ag electrodes made of compacted Ag nanoparticles(AgNPs),which were prepared by one-step reduction in the water phase with or without the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS).The scanning electron microscope(SEM)characterizations show that the compacted Ag electrodes have the nanoporous morphology formed by stacking AgNPs.Compared with the nanoporous Ag electrode without SDS modification(C-AgNPs),the SDS-modified AgNPs electrode(C-AgNPs-SDS)is highly effective in improving selective CO production in a wide range of potentials(-0.69 V--1.19 V,vs.RHE),with a Faradaic efficiency of 92.2% and a current density of -8.23 mA·cm^-2 for CO production at -0.79 V(vs.RHE).C-AgNPs-SDS is also catalytically stable with only less than 7% deactivation after 8 h of continuous electrolysis.