Summary What is already known on this topic?Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)exacerbations increase household economic burden,but there is limited evidence from prospective cohort studies in China about the ...Summary What is already known on this topic?Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)exacerbations increase household economic burden,but there is limited evidence from prospective cohort studies in China about the impact of vaccination on economic burden.What is added by this report?This study demonstrated the economic burden of COPD exacerbations,pneumonia,and hospitalization in COPD patients in China is substantial.Influenza vaccine and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine(PPSV23),separately or together,were significantly associated with decreased economic burden.What are the implications for public health practice?Our study supports evidence on recommendations that COPD patients in China are offered both influenza vaccine and PPSV23.展开更多
The large number of oily wastewater discharges and oil spills are bringing about severe threats to environment and human health.Corresponding to this challenge,a functional PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber with UV-induced swi...The large number of oily wastewater discharges and oil spills are bringing about severe threats to environment and human health.Corresponding to this challenge,a functional PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber with UV-induced switchable wettability was developed for efficient oil-water separation in this study.The developed flax fiber was obtained through PAA grafted polymerization and then ZnO-HDTMS nanocomposite immobilization.The as-prepared PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber was hydrophobic initially and could be switched to hydrophilic through UV irradiation.Its hydrophobicity could be easily recovered through being stored in dark environment for several days.To optimize the performance of the PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber,the effects of ZnO and HDTMS concentrations on its switchable wettability were investigated.The optimized PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber had a large water contact angle(∼130°)in air and an extremely small oil contact angle(∼0°)underwater initially.After UV treatment,the water contact angle was decreased to 30°,while the underwater oil contact angle was increased to more than 150°.Based on this UV-induced switchable wettability,the developed PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber was applied to remove oil from immiscible oil-water mixtures and oil-in-water emulsion with great reusability for multiple cycles.Thus,the developed flax fiber could be further fabricated into oil barrier or oil sorbent for oil-water separation,which could be an environmentally-friendly alternative in oil spill response and oily wastewater treatment.展开更多
Summary What is already known on this topic?The global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is serious.Pneumococcal infection is associated with acute exacerbations of COPD(AECOPD).The 23-valent pneumo...Summary What is already known on this topic?The global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is serious.Pneumococcal infection is associated with acute exacerbations of COPD(AECOPD).The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine(PPSV23)is recommended for COPD patients to decrease AECOPD due to pneumococcus,but evidence on the immunogenicity of PPSV23 in COPD patients is limited.What is added by this report?展开更多
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC1309304).
文摘Summary What is already known on this topic?Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)exacerbations increase household economic burden,but there is limited evidence from prospective cohort studies in China about the impact of vaccination on economic burden.What is added by this report?This study demonstrated the economic burden of COPD exacerbations,pneumonia,and hospitalization in COPD patients in China is substantial.Influenza vaccine and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine(PPSV23),separately or together,were significantly associated with decreased economic burden.What are the implications for public health practice?Our study supports evidence on recommendations that COPD patients in China are offered both influenza vaccine and PPSV23.
基金supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada,the Canada Foundation for Innovation(CFI)(36668)the Canada Research Chairs Program(CRC),the Western Diversification Program(Canada)(15269)the Petroleum Technology Research Centre.
文摘The large number of oily wastewater discharges and oil spills are bringing about severe threats to environment and human health.Corresponding to this challenge,a functional PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber with UV-induced switchable wettability was developed for efficient oil-water separation in this study.The developed flax fiber was obtained through PAA grafted polymerization and then ZnO-HDTMS nanocomposite immobilization.The as-prepared PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber was hydrophobic initially and could be switched to hydrophilic through UV irradiation.Its hydrophobicity could be easily recovered through being stored in dark environment for several days.To optimize the performance of the PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber,the effects of ZnO and HDTMS concentrations on its switchable wettability were investigated.The optimized PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber had a large water contact angle(∼130°)in air and an extremely small oil contact angle(∼0°)underwater initially.After UV treatment,the water contact angle was decreased to 30°,while the underwater oil contact angle was increased to more than 150°.Based on this UV-induced switchable wettability,the developed PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber was applied to remove oil from immiscible oil-water mixtures and oil-in-water emulsion with great reusability for multiple cycles.Thus,the developed flax fiber could be further fabricated into oil barrier or oil sorbent for oil-water separation,which could be an environmentally-friendly alternative in oil spill response and oily wastewater treatment.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC1309304).
文摘Summary What is already known on this topic?The global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is serious.Pneumococcal infection is associated with acute exacerbations of COPD(AECOPD).The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine(PPSV23)is recommended for COPD patients to decrease AECOPD due to pneumococcus,but evidence on the immunogenicity of PPSV23 in COPD patients is limited.What is added by this report?
