Genome-wide identification of microRNAs involved in the regulation of fruit ripening and climacteric stages in melon(Cucumis melo)

Fruit ripening is influenced by multiple plant hormones and the regulation of genes.However,studies on posttranscriptional regulators(e.g.,miRNAs)of fruit growth and ripening are limited.We used miRNA sequencing and degradome methods to identify miRNAs and their target genes in melon(Cucumis melo cv.Hetao melon).A total of 61 conserved miRNAs and 36 novel miRNAs were identified from fruit growth,ripening,climacteric,and postclimacteric developmental stage samples,of which 32 conserved miRNAs were differentially expressed between developmental stage samples.Sixty-two target genes of 43 conserved miRNAs and 1 novel miRNA were identified from degradome sequencing.To further investigate miRNA influencing fruit ripening,transgenic melon plants overexpressing pre-cmemiR393(cme-miR393-OE)were generated and characterized.The results showed that fruit ripening was delayed in cme-miR393-OE transgenic lines compared to nontransgenic fruits.The target of cme-miR393 was also identified,and the expression of CmAFB2 was repressed in transgenic plants.These results provide evidence that miRNA regulates melon fruit ripening and provide potential targets to improve the horticultural traits of melon fruit.

G20国际税改五年回顾:BEPS成果的国内落地及最新发展——专访国家税务总局国际税务司司长蒙玉英

2013年9月,由二十国集团(G20)委托经济合作与发展组织(OECD)开展的国际税收改革项目——税基侵蚀和利润转移(Base Erosion and Profit Shifting,BEPS)行动计划在圣彼得堡峰会上得到各国领导人背书,BEPS项目正式启动,国际税收事务在政治议程上被提升到了前所未有的高度。2015年10月,BEPS 15项行动计划最终成果发布,一个世纪以来的国际税收规则体系发生根本性变革。2016年起,BEPS项目进入实施阶段,其成果在各国(地区)相继落地.

纵览经济数字化背景下国际税收规则的重塑——专访IBFD国际税法专家Victor van Kommer教授

近年来,经济数字化背景下的国际税收问题日益突显。G20/OECD税基侵蚀与利润转移项目(BEPS Project)第一项行动计划即为"应对数字经济的税收挑战"。2019年1月,OECD发布"应对经济数字化的税收挑战——政策说明",提出"双支柱"解决思路,随后逐渐形成支柱1下的"统一方法"(Unified Approach)和支柱2下的全球防止税基侵蚀解决方案(GloBE)。值得关注的是,国际社会应对经济数字化税收挑战的努力,已经触动国际税收规则最核心的领域——税收管辖权的划分问题,国际税收规则体系的重大变革蓄势待发。

Integrated transcriptome and proteome analyses reveal potential mechanisms in Stipa breviflora underlying adaptation to grazing

Background:Long-term overgrazing has led to severe degradation of grasslands,posing a significant threat to the sustainable use of grassland resources.Methods:Based on the investigation of changes in functional traits and photosynthetic physiology of Stipa breviflora under no grazing,moderate grazing,and heavy grazing treatments,the changes in expression patterns of genes and proteins associated with different grazing intensities were assessed through integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses.Results:Differentially expressed genes and proteins were identified under different grazing intensities.They were mainly related to RNA processing,carbon metabolism,and secondary metabolite biosynthesis.These findings suggest that long-term grazing leads to molecular phenotypic plasticity,affecting various biological processes and metabolic pathways in S.breviflora.Correlation analysis revealed low correlation between the transcriptome and the proteome,indicating a large-scale regulation of gene expression at the posttranscriptional and translational levels during the response of S.breviflora to grazing.The expression profiles of key genes and proteins involved in photosynthesis and phenylpropanoid metabolism pathways suggested their synergistic response to grazing in S.breviflora.Conclusions:Our study provides insight into the adaptation mechanisms of S.breviflora to grazing and provides a scientific basis for the development of more efficient grassland protection and utilization practices.