Integration of full-length transcriptomics and targeted metabolomics to identify benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic genes in Corydalis yanhusuo

Corydalis yanhusuo W.T.Wang is a classic herb that is frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine and is efficacious in promoting blood circulation,enhancing energy,and relieving pain.Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids(BIAs)are the main bioactive ingredients in Corydalis yanhusuo.However,few studies have investigated the BIA biosynthetic pathway in C.yanhusuo,and the biosynthetic pathway of species-specific chemicals such as tetrahydropalmatine remains unclear.We performed full-length transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to identify candidate genes that might be involved in BIA biosynthesis and identified a total of 101 full-length transcripts and 19 metabolites involved in the BIA biosynthetic pathway.Moreover,the contents of 19 representative BIAs in C.yanhusuo were quantified by classical targeted metabolomic approaches.Their accumulation in the tuber was consistent with the expression patterns of identified BIA biosynthetic genes in tubers and leaves,which reinforces the validity and reliability of the analyses.Full-length genes with similar expression or enrichment patterns were identified,and a complete BIA biosynthesis pathway in C.yanhusuo was constructed according to these findings.Phylogenetic analysis revealed a total of ten enzymes that may possess columbamine-O-methyltransferase activity,which is the final step for tetrahydropalmatine synthesis.Our results span the whole BIA biosynthetic pathway in C.yanhusuo.Our full-length transcriptomic data will enable further molecular cloning of enzymes and activity validation studies.

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中依克多因的含量

建立高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中依克多因的分析方法,采用Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C;色谱柱(100 mm×3.0 mm,2.7μm)分离,以甲醇和p H为3.0的40 mmol/L磷酸二氢钠-10 mmol/L 1-庚烷磺酸钠缓冲溶液梯度洗脱,流速0.8 m L/min,柱温30℃,检测波长210 nm。采用外标法定量测定化妆品中的依克多因含量。结果表明,依克多因在5~800 mg/L的质量浓度范围内呈现良好线性关系,相关系数为0.999 8,方法的检出限和定量限分别为0.3和1.0 mg/L。该方法具有分离效率高、分析时间短、节省溶剂等优点,解决了依克多因在C;色谱柱上保留弱的问题。

A nitric oxide-triggered hydrolysis reaction to construct controlled self-assemblies with complex topologies

Hydrolysis reactions are capable of directing the non-equilibrium assembly of biomolecular scaffolds to realize sophisticated structures and functions in natural systems.However,utilizing the proper hydrolysis reactions to construct controlled assemblies with complex topologies is still an arduous challenge in artificial systems and needs to be addressed.Herein,we report a nitric oxide(NO)-triggered slow hydrolysis strategy for the controlled construction of biomimetic supramolecular toroids(STs),thus realizing their visualization of intermediate structures and regulation of geometry parameters.This presented protocol harnesses hydrolysis reactions to control of non-equilibrium self-assembly processes for the construction of self-assemblies with complex topologies successfully,which sheds light on how the hydrolysis reaction rate can modulate the kinetic pathway of assembly,thus realizing the artificial establishment of bio-inspired hierarchical structures.

基于大环主体化合物的不对称超分子催化

超分子化学与催化的不断渗透融合催生了超分子催化这一挑战性的前沿研究热点。作为超分子化学的主要研究对象,大环化合物因具有可以和不同客体分子通过非共价相互作用可逆结合的识别位点,模拟酶催化中对底物分子的预组织过程,在超分子催化发展之初就备受关注,并在近二十年来取得了可喜的发展。本综述主要介绍了近十年来发展的基于冠醚、环糊精和杯芳烃等大环主体分子的代表性手性超分子催化剂,以及它们在不对称催化反应中的应用,重点阐述了主-客体等弱相互作用对催化剂活性和对映选择性的超分子调控作用,同时对这一研究领域目前存在的局限性和不足进行了总结,并展望了不对称超分子催化的发展前景。

Relationship Between Hematoma Expansion Induced by Hypertension and Hyperglycemia and Blood-brain Barrier Disruption in Mice and Its Possible Mechanism:Role of Aquaporin-4 and Connexin43

We aimed to select an optimized hematoma expansion(HE)model and investigate the possible mechanism of blood-brain barrier(BBB)damage in mice.The results showed that HE occurred in the group with hypertension combined with hyperglycemia(HH-HE)from3 to 72 h after intracerebral hemorrhage;this was accompanied by neurological deficits and hardly influenced the survival rate.The receiver operating characteristic curve suggested the criterion for this model was hematoma volume expansion≥45.0%.Meanwhile,HH-HE aggravated BBB disruption.A protector of the BBB reduced HH-HE,while a BBB disruptor induced a further HH-HE.Aquaporin-4(AQP4)knock-out led to larger hematoma volume and more severe BBB disruption.Furthermore,hematoma volume and BBB disruption were reduced by multiple connexin43(Cx43)inhibitors in the wild-type group but not in the AQP4 knock-out group.In conclusion,the optimized HE model is induced by hypertension and hyperglycemia with the criterion of hematoma volume expanding≥45.0%.HH-HE leads to BBB disruption,which is dependent on AQP4 and Cx43.

Clinical features of seizures after cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and its effect on outcome among Chinese Han population

background and purpose Clinical features of epileptic seizures after cerebral venous sinus thrombosis(CVST)among Chinese patients are not known,and it is still controversial whether seizures would affect the outcome of CVST.Methods In a Chinese hospital-based study of consecutive patients with CVST between 2003 and 2015,we described the clinical features of seizures and determined the predictors of seizure onset using multivariable logistic regression analysis.We also compared the in-hospital case-fatality and short-term functional outcome(modified Rankin Scale(mRS)at discharge)in patients with versus without seizures using ordinal regression analysis.results Among 151 patients with CVST,52(34.4%)presented seizures,of which 42(80.8%)were generalised seizures.Male gender(OR 6.32,95% CI 2.06 to 19.35,p=0.001),motor deficits(OR 4.89,95% CI 1.52 to 15.68,p=0.008),intracerebral haemorrhage(OR 3.93,95% CI 1.16 to 13.26,p=0.027),cerebral infarction(OR 3.78,95% CI 1.15 to 12.36,p=0.029)and superior sagittal sinus thrombosis(OR 3.38,95% CI 91.16 to 9.86,p=0.026)were independent predictors for seizures.The overall in-hospital case-fatality rate was 2.0%(3/151),and 21(13.9%)had mRS>2 at discharge.Compared with patients without seizures,patients with seizures were more likely to have a worse outcome(p=0.02)at discharge,independent of age,gender,clinical presentation,clot burden and presence of parenchymal lesions.conclusions In Chinese Han patients,compared with patients without seizures,patients with seizures after CVST had a worse outcome.Risk factors such as male gender,paresis,parenchymal lesion and superior sagittal sinus thrombosis were independently associated with seizure onset after CVST.Generalised seizure was the main form of seizures after CVST,which was obviously different to seizures after strokes of arterial origin.

A Note on the Singular Limit of the Exact Controllability of Dissipative Wave Equations

In this note we analyze the exact controllability of singularly perturbed damped wave equations under more general geometric control condition than that of [1]. We show that the null controllability of the heat equation can be obtained as a singular limit of the exact controllability of such sorts of wave equations.

Construction of immobilized films photocatalysts with CdS clusters decorated by metal Cd and BiOCl for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline antibiotics

A kind of CdS/Cd-BiOCl immobilized films photocatalyst was prepared.The optical and physicochemical properties of the CdS/Cd-BiOCl photocatalysts were analysed,and the detailed characterization revealed CdS/Cd-BiOCl films photocatalyst with good charge carrier separation effect.The reusabilities and photocatalytic properties of the samples were studied.The 15%Cd S/Cd-Bi OCl photocatalyst exhibited superior performance in photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline(TC)and favorable stability under visible light irradiation.As for the photodegradation rate of TC,15%CdS/Cd-BiOCl exhibited an excellent photodegradation activity,which is 4.06 and 9.53 times higher than that of Cd S/Cd and Bi OCl,respectively.The results showed that dominant active species are·O_(2)^(-)and·OH radicals during photodegradation.The charge transfer in Z-scheme CdS/Cd-BiOCl films photocatalyst could synchronously generate conduct band(CB)electrons in BiOCl and valence band(VB)holes in CdS,and metal Cd served as electron mediator.This work can be a reference for the design of film photocatalysts and new insight for photodegradating towards contaminants.