Treatment patterns and a prognostic scoring system for elderly acute myeloid leukemia patients:a retrospective multicenter cohort study in China

Objective:Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)is primarily a malignant disorder affecting the elderly.We aimed to compare the outcomes of different treatment patterns in elderly AML patients and to propose a prognostic scoring system that could predict survival and aid therapeutic decisions.Methods:Patients aged≥60 years who had been diagnosed with AML at 7 hospitals in China were enrolled(n=228).Treatment patterns included standard chemotherapy,low intensity therapy,and best supportive care(BSC).Results:The early mortality rates were 31%,6.8%,and 6.3%for the BSC,low intensity therapy,and standard chemotherapy groups,respectively.The complete remission rate of the standard chemotherapy group was higher than that of the low intensity therapy group.The median overall survival(OS)was 561 days and 222 days for the standard chemotherapy and low intensity therapy groups,respectively,and were both longer than that of the BSC group(86 days).Based on multivariate analyses,we defined a prognostic scoring system that enabled classification of patients into 3 risk groups,in an attempt to predict the OS of patients receiving chemotherapies and low intensity therapies.Low and intermediate risk patients benefited more from standard chemotherapies than from low intensity therapies.However,the median OS was comparable between standard chemotherapies and low intensity therapies in high risk patients.Conclusions:Our prognostic scoring system could predict survival and help select appropriate therapies for elderly AML patients.Standard chemotherapy is important for elderly AML patients,particularly for those categorized into low and intermediate risk groups.

Comparison and correction of IDW based wind speed interpolation methods in urbanized Shenzhen

Based on the 2-min average wind speed observations at 100 automatic weather stations in Shenzhen from January 2008 to December 2018,this study tries to explore the ways to improve wind interpolation quality over the Shenzhen region.Three IDW based methods,i.e.,traditional inverse distance weight(IDW),modified inverse distance weight(MIDW),and gradient inverse distance weight(GIDW)are used to interpolate the near surface wind field in Shenzhen.In addition,the gradient boosted regression trees(GBRT)model is used to correct the wind interpolation results based on the three IDW based methods.The results show that among the three methods,GIDW has better interpolation effects than the other two in the case of stratified sampling.The MSE and R2 for the GIDW’s in different months are in the range of 1.096-1.605 m/s and 0.340-0.419,respectively.However,in the case of leave-one-group-out crossvalidation,GIDW has no advantage over the other two methods.For the stratified sampling,GBRT effectively corrects the interpolated results by the three IDW based methods.MSE decreases to the range of 0.778-0.923 m/s,and R2 increases to the range of 0.530-0.671.In the nonstation area,the correction effect of GBRT is still robust,even though the elevation frequency distribution of the non-station area is different from that of the stations’area.The correction performance of GBRT mainly comes from its consideration of the nonlinear relationship between wind speed and the elevation,and the combination of historical and current observation data.